The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England: Begun in the Year 1641. With the ...

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THE ^

HISTORY

O F T H E

Rebellion and Civil Wars

• I N

ENGLAND,

Begun in the Year 1^41.

With the precedent Faflages, and Adions, that contri-
buted thereanto, and the happy End, and Conclufion
thereof by the King's blelTed Restoration, and
Return, apon the 29'^ of M^y, in the Year itftfo.

Written by the Right Honourable

Edward Earl of Clarendon,

Late Lord High Chancellor o^EnghnJ^ Privy CounfcUor in
the Reigns of King Charles the Firit and the Second.

JNe quid Falfi dicer e audeaU ne quidFeri non audeaU Cicero.

Volume III. Part v.

X F !{, D,

Fruited at the Theater, An, Dom. MDCCXVII*

%

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•* g* ^ t • - ■

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■ V ., ■ ,

0»'

I : i 7.

i.

.V

■

(36y)

THE

Hiftory of the Rebellion, g^r.
B ii xiii.

Exod. IX. itf, 17.
^ad in very detdfar this caufe boot Iraifed thee i^,
for tojhew in thee my potver, and that my name
may be declared tbrot^hout aU the Earth, As yet
exaltefi thou thy Jelf againfi my Peeple ?

S%e H E Msrquls of At^jlt^ who did not Argyle
S^IVy believe tnat rhc King would ever have f"^ ""
fe^ ^ ventur'd Jnro ScrtUnd upon the condi- ^^'J,"g^
I tions he had feor, wai farprifcd with ,(,,' j;^,^.
' the account the Comminionen had gi-
> vco him, "That hii Majefty refolv'd
\ toEmbark the nextdayi thathe would
' '' leave all his Chaplains, and his other
) "Servants behind him, and onlyde-
' fcrr'd to take the Covenant himfelf till
he came thither,' with a refolution to latisfy the Kirk if they

?refs'd it. Thereupon he immediately difpatch'd away another
cflel with new Fropofitions, which the Commiiiioncrs were
to inlilt upon, and not to conTent to the King's coming into
that Kingdom, without he likewife confentcd to thofe. But
that Veflel met not with the King's Fleet, which, that it might
avoid that of the Parliament, which attended to intercept the
King, had held its courlc more Northward, where there arc
good Harbours ; and fo had put intoa Harbour near Sttrlin, that
is, within a days Journey of it, but where there was no Town
nearer than that for his Majcfty's reception, or where there was
any accommodation even for very ordinary Faflengers.

From thence notice was fenc to the Council of the King'i 77i» j^iBf
arrival : the firil welcome he receiv'd, was a new demand "'•*" •'■
« That he would f«n the Covenant himlcJl^ before he fct his SeoilipJ.

Vol. m. Fart a. Bb "foot

3(56 Th^mftory Book XIII.

The Kjnx " foot Oil fliorc J which all about him prefs'd him to do ; and
ta(etthe hc now found, that he had made halte thither upon very un-
ovejidnt, skilful imaginations, and prefumptions : yet ne confented
unto what they Co imperioufly required, that he might have
leave to put lumfelf into the haiuis of thofe who refolv'd no-
thing lefs than to ferve him. The Lords of the other Party,
who had prevailed with him to fubmit to all that had been
required of him, quicldy ibund chat they bad d^cdvM bot^
Him and Themfelves, and that no body had any authority
but thofe Men who yteic the^r mortal Enemies. So that they
would not expoie themfelves to be imprifon'd, or to be re-
moved from the Kingj but, with his Majefty^s leave, and
' having given him the befl: advice they could, what he mould
do for himfelf, and what, he Ihould do for Them, they puc
themfelves on Shore before the King dif(?mbark'd^ and^ound
meaos .to.go to thofe. places where they mig^t befome time
conceakd, and whidi werelike u> be at diltaoce enough from
Hamilton the Kjng. Arid fhqrtly after Duke Hamib^n retired to the
mU Lau- Ifland of Arram, which belonged to hinrfelf ^ Where he had
^^^'J5 a little Houfe well, enough accommodattsd,. the lUand being
tbe^KSni^^ for the moll part inhabited with wild ' Beafts : tautherdaU
concealed himfelf amongft his Friends ; taking care both to be
well inform'd of all ths^: fliould pafs about the King, and to
receive their advice upon any occaiions.
Argyle re- The King was rcceiv'd by the Marquis oi ArgyU with all
cnyestht (hg outward refpcdi imaginable; but, within two days after
^*<^* his landing, ail tiic ^mg/Ljb Servants he had of any Quality,
Uef 9fthe were remov'd from his Perfon, the Duke of Buckingham only
Kdng'' En- exceotec^. The rett, for the molt part, were received into
gUlh Ser- jj^^ Houfes, of fomc Perfons of Honour, who liv'd at a du
^v'dfrtm ft^w^e from the Court, and were themfelves under a cloud for
kirn, their known Afiedtions, and durft only attend the King to

kifs his hand, and then retired to their Houfes, that they
might give no occaiioh oJF jealoufy ; others of his Servants
were not fufier'd to remain in the Kingdom, but were forced
prefently to reimbark themfelves for Holland ^ amongft which
was Daniel O NeiU^ who hath been often roention'd before^
and who came from the Marquis of Or mand into UoUandj juft
when his Majefty was ready to Embark, and fo waited upon
Daniel o him ^ and was no fooner luiown to be with his Majefty /'as he
Neile ap- was a Ferfon very generally known) but he was apprehend-
prehended by g^ by order from thc Council, for being an Iripj man, and

c^tlf *^^v"^ b^^" '" ^^^^ ^° ^ '^^^ King's behalf in the lace
Scotland ; War j for which they were not without fome diicourfe of put-
4tndhanijL ting him to death; f^ut they did immediately badiih him the
^^' Ivingdom, and obliged him to lign a paper, by which he con-

fented to be put to de^th) if be were ever after found in thc
Kingdom. They

?

Of the RebeKon, &c. " 367

T H E T fent away likewife Mr Rohert Longy who was his Mr Long
Principal, not only, Secretary of State, and had very much<»/^'
perfwaded his going thither j and Sr EdwMrdJVslkir^ who was **">-
Oerk of the Cooncil, and had been Seaetary at War du*
ring the late War, and fome others, gpon the like exceptions.
They placed other Servants of all conditions about the King^
but principally relied upon their Clergy^ who were in i\xchrheira*rry
a continual attendance about him, liiat he was never tree «/«^<7"'«'^'*<
from their importunities, under pretence of inltrudting him '*" ^i-
in Religion : and To they obliged hiin to their conliant hours
of their long Prayers, and made him obfcrvc the Sundays
with more rigour than the Jetvs ac(:uitomM to do their Sab-
bath ^ and reprehended him very Iharply ifhefmiledon thofe
days, and if his looks and geftures did not pleafc them, whilit
sll their Prayers and Sermons, at which he was compelled toihfirSer'
be prelcnt, were libels, and bitter invedtives againlt all the ^•n' ^eftre
Actions ofhis Father, the Idolatry of his Mocher, and his own^'^*
Malignity.

fiE was not prefent in their Councils, nor were the refults
thereof communicated to him ^ nor was he, in the lealt de-
ree, communicated with, in any part of the Government;
I'et they made great {hew of outward Reverence to him, and
even the Chaplains, when they ufed Rudenefs and Barbarity
in their reprehenfions and reproaches , approached him (liii
with bended knees, and in the humbleit poftures. There was
never a better Courtier than ArgjU ; who ufed all poHible Argyle*/
addrefi to make himfelf gracious to the Kin^, entertain d him yeh».vi9%f n
with very pleafant difcourfes, with fuch iniinuations, that the ^'""*
King did not only very well like his Converfation, but often
believ'd that he had a mind to pleafe and gratify him : but
then, when his Majefty made any Sittempt to get fome ofhis
Servants about him, or to reconcile the two Factions, that
the Kingdom might be united, hegather'd up his countenance,
and retiPd from him, without ever yielding to any one Pro-
pofition that was made to him by his Majefty. In a word,
the King's Table was well ferv'd ; there he fate in Majefty,
waited upon with decency : he had good Horfcs to ride abroad
to take the Air, and was theo well attended^ and, in all pub-
lick Appearances, feem'd to want nothing that was due to a
great Iving. In all other refpe<as, with reference to Power
to oblige or gratify any Man, to difpofe or order any thing,
orhimfelftogo to any other place than was aflign'd to him,
he had nothing of a Prince^ but might very well be looldd
upon as a Prifoner.

But that which was of ilate and luflre made moft noife,
and was indufhioufly tranfmitted into all Nations and States y
the other of diEcdpcQ, or refiraint, was aot communicated ^

Bb X and

368 TheHiflory Book XIII.

and if ic could not be entirely conceal'd , ic was confider'd
only as a Fadiion between particular great Men, who con-
tended to get the Power into their hands, that they might
the more notoriouQy and eminently ferve that Prince whom
they all equally acknowledg'd. The King's Condition feem'd

. wonderfully advanced, and his being poflefs'd of a Kingdom
without a Rival , in which there was no appearance of aa
Enemy, look'd like an eamelt for the Recovery of the other
Two, and, for the prefent, as a great addition of Power to
him in his Kingdom of Ireland^ by a conjunAion, and abfo-
lute Submiflion of all the Scot sin XJlfter to the Marquis of Or-
monde the King's Lieutenant there.

All Men who had diflwaded his Majefty's repair into
Scotlandj were look'd upon as very weak Politicians , or aa
Men who oppofed the Publick good, becaufe they were ex-
cluded, and might not be fufter^ to adt any part in the ad-
venture ; and they who had advanced the deiign, vaiu'd them-
felves exceedingly upon their adivity in that service. The
States oiF Holland thought they had merited much in fuSering
their Ships to Tranfport him, and fo being minilterial to his
grearnefs ; which they hoped would be remembered ^ and they
gave all Countenance to the Scotijh Merchants and Factors
who liv'din their Dominions, and fome fecret Credit, that they
might fend Arms and Ammunition, and whatfoever elfe was
neceflaryforthe King's Service into that Kingdom. France it
felf look'd very chearfuily upon the change ^ Con^tulated
the Queen with much Ceremony, and many Profeflions ; and
took pains to have it thought and belicvd, that they had
had a ihare in the Counfel, and contributed very much to the
reception the King found in Scotland^ by their influence upon
ytnyk and his Party. And it hath been mentioned before,
how great a Reputation this little dawning of Power , how
clouded foever, gave to the Embafladours in Sfam^ and had
raifed them, from fuch a degree of difrefpedt, as was near to
contempt, to the full dignity and eiiimation in that Court that
was due to the Station in which they were.

There fell out there an accident at this time, which was
a great manifeftationofthe Affeftion of that Court, and in-
deed of the Nation. As Don Alonxo de Cardinas had ufed all
the Credit he had, to difpofe that Court to a good correfpon-
dence with the Parliament, fb he had employed as much care

'to enciine thofe in England to have a confidence in the AfJ«-
dion of his. Matter, and aHiir'd them, " That if they would
"feud an Erabafl&dour, or other Minifter into Spain ^ he
'^ihould find a good reception. The Parliament, in the in-
fancy of their Common- wealth, had more inclination to make
a Friendlhip with Sfain.thm with Igrance^ having at that

time

of the RebeUioft^ &c. 369

time a very great prejudice to the Cardinal j and therefore,
upon this encouragement from Don aUhzOj they refoiv'd to
fend an Envoy to Madrid^ and made choice of one ^fihsm^ aA Isam
a Scholar, who had been concerned in drawing up the King's ^«f "if^»f
Tryal, and had written a Book to determine in what t!me,jf;"^^j^'^'"
and after how many years, the Allegiance wliich is due from p^JJ'J^'^,^^
Subjecits to their Soveraigns, comes to be determin'd after a«/Lngi4nd.
Conqueft ; and that, from that term, it ought to be paid to
thofe who had fubdued them: A Ipecuhtion they thought fit
CO cherifli.

This Man, unacquainted with bufinefs, andunskill'd in
language, attended by three others, the one a Rcnegado Pram^
iifcan Fryar, who had been bred in Sfain^ and was well vcrfed
in the Language ; another, who was to ferve in the condition
of a Secretary 5 and the third, an inferior Fellow for any Ser-
vice, arriv*d all in Spmm in an EngUfi^ Merchant's Ship : Of
which Don Alon%o gave fuch timely notice, that he was re*
ceiv*d and entertained by the chiet Magiftratc at his landing,
until they gave notice of it to the Court. The Town was
quickly hill of the rumour, that an bmbafladour was Landed
from Effgland^ and would be receiv'd there ^ which no body
feem'd to be well pleaicd with. And the Embafiadours expo-
llulated with Don ljtv}k do Haro with fomc warmth, « That ^/ ^«*'^
^^his Catholick Majefty flipuld be the firftChriftian Princc{;^;;;;;^^';^^^
^^cbat would receive an Eoibafladour from the odious, andn^.v/jDon
^^ execrable Murderers of a Cbriltian King, his Brother and Lewis a-
*' Ally; which no other Prince had yet done, out of the de-^*«' *^-
^j teitationi of that horrible Parricide : And therefore they de-
ilred him, ^^ That Sfam would not give fo infamous; on exam-
^^ple to the other parts of the World. Don Le^uis aflured/7<i^^»>rr.
them, " That there was no fuch thine as an Embafladour com-
^^ing from Efig/and^ not had the King any purpofe ro re*
" ceive -any ; That it was true, they were inform'd that there
<c was ah Englijb Gentleman Landed at Cales^ and come to Se»
^^"jU-^ who faid, he was fent from the Parliament with Let-
"ters for the King; which was tettificd by a Letter from
'^ Don Alonzo de Cardinas to the Duke of Medina Celi'y who
" thereupon had given order for his Entertainment at SevU^
** till the King Qiould give further order : That it was not
"poffible for the King to refufe to receive the Letter, or to
*Mee the Man who brought it: who pretended no kind of
^'Charadter; That having an EmbaC&dour refiding •Sn E*^-
** land to preferve the Trade and Commerce between the two
*' Nations, they did believe, that this Meflenger might be
**fent with fome Propofitions from the E^glijh Merchants for
^* the advancement of that Trade, imd if thej^ fliould refufe
^ to hear what he laid, ic might give a jult oS'ence, and dc-

B b 3 ** ilroy

^7o TheHiflory BookXIIL

" ftroy all the Commerce j which would be a great damage to
" both Nations.

That this new Agent might come fecurely to MadrU^
an old Officer of the Army was fent from Sevil to accompany
him thither; who came With him in the Coach, and gave
notice every night to Don Lemis of their advance. There
were at that time, over and above the Earg/ry/j Merchants,
many Officers and Soldiers in I^adriJ^ who had-ferv'd in the
^pantfb Armies, both in C^alonia and in FortugMly and thefe
Men had confulced amongit themfclvcs how they might kill
this fellow, who came as an Agent from the n^vi^ Republick of
SmgUnd'y and half a dozen of them, having notice of the
day he was to come into the Town, which was generally
diicourfed of, rode out of the Town to meet him: but, miflF-
fog him, they return'd again, and found that he had enter'd
into it by another way ; and having taken a view of his Lodg-
ing, they met again the next Morning j and finding, accidenf-
ttlly, one of the EmbafTadours Servants in the ftreets, they
perfwaded him to go with them, and fo went to the Houfe
where ^irif;» Lodged; and, without asking anyQuefHons,
walked diredtiy up the itairs into his Chamber, leaving a
couple of their number at the door of the (treet, left, upon
any noife in the Houfe, that door might be fhut upon them.
They who went up, drew their Swords; and befides their iri-
Afi-ham tentions, in diforder^ kitt* d the Fryar as well as the Agent ;
kjji'd by and fo retyrn'd to their Companions with their fwords naked
fom9 Officers and bloody, and fome foolilh expreffions of triumph, as if they
^^' '^"/ 5^2 had performed a very gallant and a juftifiable Service. Not-
dnd. ' ' withlranding all whicn; they might have difperfed thcmfclves,
and been fecure, the People were fo little concem'd to en-
quire what they had done. But they being in conflifion, and
retaining no compofed thoughts about them, finding the door
^u but 0ne of a little Chapel open, went in thither for fanduary : Only
fy to a he who was in the Service pf Embafladours, feparated him-

fMatan' ^^^^ ^^^' ^^'^ ^^> ^'^^ ^^^^ ^°^^ ^^® Houfe of the Venetian

he, to the Embafladour. By this time the People of the Houfe where

Venetian the Man lay, had gone up into the Chamber ; where they

EmbAjfa- found two dead, and the othcfr two crept, in a terrible frighr,

"'*'''* under rhe Bed ; and the Magiftrates and People were about

the Church, and talking with, and examining the Perfbns

who wjf re there : And the Rumour was prefently divulged

about the Town, " That one of the Engli/b EmbaC&dours was

« kiird.

They were at that time entring into their Coach to take
the Air, according to an appointment which they had made
the day Before. When they were informed of what had paflcd,
and that Harry Frogers, Wiio was their Servant, had been in

\ ' • the

of the Rehellion^ &c. 37 1

the k&iany and was retir'd tdfht Houfe of the Fenetfan Em-
bafl&dour, they were in trouble and perplexity; diimifs'd rheir
Coach, and recum'd to their Lodging. Though they abhorr'd
the Adtion that was committed, they forclaw the prcfcnce
of one of their own Servants in it, and even (ome palFionatc
words they had ufed in their expoliulation with Dom Lewis^
againft the reception of fuch a MciTengcr, as if *^The King
^' their Matter had too many SubjeA^ in that place, for fuch a
"fellow to appear there with any fecurity, would make it be
"believ'd by many, that the attempt had not been made with-
"out their confent or privity. In this trouble of mind, they
immediately writ a Letter to Don Ltwis de Haro^ to cxprcis
the fenfe they had of this unfortunate rafh Adtion; **Of
" which, they hoped, he did believfe, if thty had had any no-
•*tice or fufpicion, they would have prevented it. Don Ltmss The TmU^
returned them a very dry Anfwer ; "That he could not imia-/^''»«"«'"
^gine that they could have a hand in fo foul an Affailina- [^^J^^"^^
** tion in the Court (for all Madrid is called, and look'd upon ^,^ ,(,;,*
as the Court) "of a Perfon under the immediate Protcdtion ^£fi»ji.
**ofthe King: However, that it was an Adtion fo unheard
**of, and fo diflionourable to the King, tliat his Majefty was «« ^nfwi
•^refolv'dto hive it examin'd to the bottom, and that exem-
"plaryjufticefliould be done upon the Offenders: That his
^ own Emba(&dour in England might be in great danger upon
*' this Murther J and that they would fend an Exprcfs prcfcntly
** thither to fatisfy the Parliament liow much his Catholick
'^'Majefty detefted, and was offended witih it, and refolv'd to
*^do Juftice upon it^ and if his Embafiadour underwent any
^ inconvenience There, they were not to wonder, if his Ma-
"jcfty were fevereHere; and folefc it to them to imagine
that their own Perfons might ri6t be fafe.

But they knew the temper of the Court too well, to have
the leaft apprehehfion of that : yet they were a little lurprifcd,
when they firft faw the Multitude ol People gathcr'd toge-
ther about their Houfe, upon the tirft News of the Adbion i
inibmuch that the ftreet before rheir Houfe, which was the
broadeft in Madrid (the calle de Akaia) was fo throng'd
that Men could hardly pafs. But they were quickly out of
that appreherifion, being aflurcd, that the jcaloufy that one
of the fipijf/i^Embafladours had fuffer'd Violence, bad brought
that Multitude together J which they found to be trucj for
they 00 fijoner fliew'd thcmfclvcs in a Balcony to the People, ^^•Z' '''^'
but they ialuted them with great kindncfs, prayed for the King ;^'^^Jj^^'
their Miller, curfed and reviled the Murtherers of his Father; ta^.nhe,i
and fo departed. They who had betaken themfelves to the anA, impn
Chapel, were, the next day or the fecond, taken from thence /•«''^5^'''
by a principal Officer after Examination, and fent to the ^"-J^/yi^^

B b 4. fon:

g7j, TheHi/iory BookXIIL

fon; the other was not iaquir^ after; but, having concealed
himfelf for ten or twelve days,Tie went out of the Town in
the night ; and, without any interruption or trouble, wenc
into Frsiue,

O P all the Courts in Chriftendom Madrid is that where
EnQbafladours, and Publick Minilters, receive the greatelt
Rcfped, which, bcQdes the Honour and Punctuality of that
People, bred up in the ob&rvation of diftances and order,

f)roceeds from the excellent method the £mbaC&dours have of
iving with mutual refped towards each other, and in mutual
concernment for each others Honour and Privileges : to that,
if any Embadadour, in Himfelf or his Servants, receive any Af-
front or Difrefped:, all the other Embafladours repair to him ;
and offer their Service, and Interpofition, by which means they
are not only preferv'd from any Invafion by any private and
particular Infolence, but even froff^ foroc Adts. of Power, which
the Court it felf hath (bme time thought fit to cxercife, upon
an extraordinary occafion, cowards a Minifler of whom they
had no regard. All are united on the behalf of the Charac^r;
and will not fuSer that to be dooe towards one, which by tho
confequence, may refledlupon all.

. I r cannot be imagin'd, with what gener^ compaOion all
the Embafladours look'd upon thefe unhappy Gentlemen,
who had involv'd themfelveis by their, rafhnefs info much
peril. They came to the EnigJ^ Embafladours to Advife,
and Confult what rpight be done to preferve them, every
one ogering his Affiflance. The A(^ion could in no degree
be judified ; all that could be urged and infilted upon in their
behalf, was the Privilege of San£biary, <^They had betaken
5f themfelvcs to the Church; and the taking them from thence,
"by what Authority foever, was a violation of the Right and
<< Immunities of the Church, which, by the Laws of the King-
^'dom, was ever defended with all tendernefs. So that be*
*< fore the guilt of the Blood could be examin'd, the Pri<-
"foners dehred that their Privilege might be examined and
'^ that they might have Council affign'd them to that purpofe;
which were granted ; and feveral Arguments were made upon
the matter of Law before the Judges^ who were favourable
enough to the Prifoners. The King's Council urged, ** That
"in cafe of AfTafliiiation, the Privilege of San(3:uary was ne-
<■ ver allowed ( which is true ) and cited many PrdBdents of
late years iq Madrid it felf, where for le(s Crimes than of
Blood, Men had been taken out of the San&uary, and tried,
and executed. The E9glifl> Embafladours thought not fit to
appear on their behalf, and yet were not willing that the new
Republick fhould receive fo much Countenance from that
^ourt, as woi|ld bavQ refiUted firpm putting thofc Gcntlemefi

to

Of the ReiellioKj 8cc. 373

to death as if they had kiU'd a Publick Minifter. The Pope's
Nuncio, Julio Rofitglhfi^ who was afterwards clement xh^T^^tj*
Ninth, could not according to the Style of the Roman Court, ^^iJJ*{
either give or receive Vifirs from the £jii^///i6 Embafladours : J^^', ^
but they performed Civilities to each other by Meflages, and ie/jv*r'i
pafled mutual Salutations, with all refpedt to each other, as ^^•
they met abroad. And the VeuetiMn Emoafladour brought them'
frequent afliirances, *^ That the Nuntio had ipoken very cf-
'' ftxaually to the King, and to Don LenviSy for the redelivery
"of the Prifoners to tlic Church, and prefled it lo hard upon
**theConfcienceof the King, that he had Ibme promife that
" they (hould notfuffcr.

I N the mean time, thundering Letters came from the Par*
liament, with great Menaces, what they would do, if exem-
plary Juilice was not inflicted upon thofe who had Murder'd
their Envoy ; and Don Aionzo urged \t^ as if ** He thoughc
^'himfclfin danger till full fatisfadlion f hould be given in that
** particular j all which for the prefent made deep imprcffion,
k> chat they knew not what to do j the King often declaring
" That he would not infringe the Privilege of the Church, and
**fo undergo the Cenfure of the Pope, for any advantage he
" could receive with reference to any of his Dominions. In
the end ( that the difcourfc of this Affair may not be rcfum'd ^" ^"J J^
a^in hereafter) after a long Imprifonment (for during fhe^rj^^*^"^
Embafiadours ftay they would noc bring them to any J'rial, trnkAff*-
left they might feem to do any thing upon their follici- <'«'»''' ^'^
tacion) the Prifoners were proceeded againlt aflbon, of/'*'''*'*
fliortly after the Embafladours nad left Madrid^ and were all
condemn'd to dye j and aflbon as the Sentence was declar'dy
all the Prifoners were again delivered into the fame Church;
where they reroain'd many days, having Provifions of Vi-
Ouals fent to them by many Perfons of Quality, until they had
all opportunity to make their Efcape, which was very fuccefs-
fully done by all but one^ who, being the only Proteitant a*
monglt them, was more maliciouily look'd after and watch'd,
and was followed, and apprehended after he had made three
days Journey from Af«^r^ and carried back thither, and put
to death : which was all the fatisfadion the Parliament could
obtain in that Affiur; and is an initance, how far that People
was from any Affe&ion to thofe of England in their Hearts,
how much foever they comply'd with chera out of che neceP-
fity of their Fortune.

When fome weeks were pafled after that unlucky acci-
dent, the Embafl&dours went to confer with Don Lewis upon
fome other occurrence, with no puipofe of mentioning any
thing of the Prifoners. Don Lewis, fyck^ of it in a manner
they did noc exped, one expreflion was <^ To tengo iwvidin do

^^tfios

574. TheHift&ry Book XIII.

" 9fioSi CMvakros ^c. I envy thofe Gentlemen for having
<^ done fo noble an Ad^ion, how penal foever it may prove
« to them, to revenge the Blood of their King. Whereas, he
faid, " The ICing his Mafter wanted fuch refolute Subjeds ^
*'.otherwife he would never have lo(t a Kingdom, as he had
. - *'done Portugaiy for want of one brave Man^ who, by taking
c» away the Life of the Ufurper, might at any time, during the
'^ftrft two years, have put an end to that Rebellion.

To return now to the Afifairs of ScotUnd: Whether when

the Marquis of Argyle firft knew that the King would venture

himfeif into Sc^tland^ he fufpedled his own Itrength, and fo

fent for his Friend Cromwell to aflift them j or whether it feem'd

more reafonable to the Parliament, when it was afiured of the

King's being there, to Vifit him in that Kingdom, than to

Cromvrell, exped a Vifit from him, is not enough clear at this time.

fintforby But afloon as the King was in Scotland^ Cromwell ^ being fent

th0 Pariia- foj. jjy ^j^^ Parliament, left what remained to be done in Ire-

JJ2^ '^ land to IreUm ( who had Married his Daughter ) and made

itaves Ire- him Deputy j and tranfported himfeif into England-^ where

loo Am De- the Parliament, not without great oppofition from all the

WJf- Presbyterian Party, refolv'd to fend an Army into Scotland.

^^^l^' Many oppofed it, as they thought it an unjuft and unpro-'

r«/tr*i f fitable War, and knew it muft be a very expenfive one ; and

^«n ^' others, becaufe it would keep up, and mcreafc the Power and

^y^^ Authority of the Army in England ^ which was already found

*? * to be very grievous.

•This Refolution produced another great Alteration : FatT"

^V^^^ /^*3 ^^ ^^ hitherto worn the Name of General, dcclar'd

V^"^" pofitively that he would not Command the Army againft

^^^"^ Sciftland. The Presbyterians faid, « It was becaufe he thought

^^ the War unlawful, in regard it was againit thofe of the fame

" Religion j but his Friends would have it believed, that he

Cromvrell would not Fight againit the King. Hereupon Cromwell was

msde Ge- chofen General j which made no Alteration in the Arncly ^

^^' which he had modell'd to his own mind before, and Gom-

foanded as abfolutely. But in all other places he grew more

abfolute and more imperious ^ he difcountenanced, and fup-

preQed the Presbyterians in all places^ who had been fup-

ported by Fairfax. The Independents had all Credit about

him ; and the Churches and Pulpits were open to all kind of

People who would (be w their Gifts there j and a general Di-

llraaion and Confufion in Religion covered the whole King-*

dom; which raifed as general a difcontent in the minds of

the People, who finding no cafe from the Bmthens they had

iblong fuftain'd, but an increafe of the Taxes and ImpoCitioos

evc;ry day, grew weary of their new Government^ and hearti-

ly pray'd, that their General might never r^urn from ScoP-

land^

/

/

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 3^

bnij bar that, he being deftroy'd there, the King might re«
turo Viftorioas into Landon. The bicternefs and perfecution
agiifift their Brethen in EnfJ^nd^ and the old Animofity rhey
hid long borne againft the Fetlbn oiCro?»^j;eOy made thofc in
Aathoriiy in that Kingdom reibivc to dcficnd themfclves 7ii<f Sc
igunft his Imraiion, and to draw together a very numerous '''"^''^
lx)d7 of Men well provided, and fiipplied with all things ne-]|)^^'
cdOary but Courage and Condud. I'iicy were fo carenil in
the modelling this Army, chat they luficr'd few or no Of-
ficers or Scridiers, who had bceii in the Engagement of Duke
Hmmltmu or who ffiive the lejll occafion ro be fufpefted to
with weu to the King or to the Hamiltonian i:'Su^ty, to be
lifted or received into their Service. So that they had only
fome old difcredited Officers, who, being formerly thought
anwortfay of Command, had Ituck ciofe to Argjle and to the
Party of the Kirk. The truth is, the whole Army was under
die Government of a Committee of the Kirk and the State ; in
itliich cbe Minifters cxcrcifed the fole Authority, and pray'd
md prcMCh'd againft the Vices of the Court, and the Impiety
and Tyranny ^CronrmeU^ equally; and promifed their Army
ViAory over the Enemy as poiitivcly, and in as confident
Ecrm^ as if God himfelf had diredted them to declare it.
The Kin^ defir'd that he might Command this Army, at Icafi:
run the tortune of ir. But they were hardly prcvail'd with
to give him leave once to fee it ; and, after' he had been in it
three or four hours, upon the obfcrvation that the Common
Soldiers feem'd to be much pleased to fee him, they caufed
bfan to return, and the next day carried him to a place at a
greater diftance from the Army; declaring, "That they found
^die Soldiers too much inclin d to put their Confidence in the
^Arm of Fledi; whereas thcii hope and dependence was to
be only in God ; and they were molt afllir'd of Vidtory by the
* Prayers, and Piety of the Kirk.

ViSkJnly Cromwell entered Scotland, and march'd without Crom^
any oppofition till he came within lefs than a days Journey ^"^'^'
of Edei^tmrough y where he found the Scotip.) Army encamped ^ '
apon a very advant^ous ground ; and he made his Quarters
aa near as ne could conveniently, aiyi yet with difadvantages
eittxigh. For the Country was fo deflroyed behind him,
and the Pa(!es fo guarded before, that he was compelled to
fend for all his Provifion for Horfe and Foot from England
by S6a ; infomuch as the Army was reduced to great (Ireights j
and the Scots really believ'd, that they had them ail at their
Mercy, except fuch as would Embark on board their Ships.
But aubon as cromweU had recover'd fome Provifions, his
Army begun to remove, and feem'd to provide for their
March, whether that Masch was to retire out of fo barren a

Coun-

37^ TheHiflor/ Book XIII.

Country for want of Provifions (which no doubt were very
icarce j and the Seafon of the year would not permit them to
depend upon all neceflary Supplies by Sea, for it was now the
Month of Septemher ) or whether that motion was only to
draw the Scots from rhe advantageous pott of which they
were poflTeflcd, is not yet underftood. out it was confefled
on all fides, chat, if the Scots had remain'd within their
T: caches, and Tent Parties of Horfe to have followed theJE^
Tnedidrefs gli(b Arrijy clofciV, they mull: have (b diforder'd them, that
*^^r""!# ^^^^ v/ouid have left their Cannon, and all their heavy Car-
7^1. ' "*g^ bcluiid their, befides the danger the Foot muft have'
been in. But the Scots did not intend Co part with them fo
eafily^ they doubted not' but to have the Spoil of the whole
Army. Anci therefore ihcy no fooner difcem d that the Ei^l^b.
were upon their march, but they decamped, and followed
with their whole Body all the Night following, and found
themfelves in the Morning within a fmall diltance of the Ene-
my : for Cromwell was quickly advcrtifed that the Sc9ti[b Ar-
my was diflodged, and marched after him; and thereupon- he
made a ftand, and put his Men in good order. The Siots
found they were not upon fo clear a chafe as they imagin'd,
and placed themfelves again upon fuch a (ide of^ a HiU, as
they believ'd the Efiglijh would not have the Courage to attack
them there.
Cromwell B u r CromweU knew them too well to fear them upon any
•ntireiy grouiid, when there were no Trenches, or Fortifications to
TOUTS the keep [jjQ^ ff^jjj jljem j and therefore he made hafte to charge

Bmie'lf " ^^^^ °" 2^ ^^^^» '^P^" ^'^^^ ad vantage-ground focver the?

r>uabar. ftood. Their Horfe did not fuftain one Charp;e ; but flecl,
and were purfiied with a great execution. The Foot de-
pended much upon their Minifters, who preach'd. and pray'd,
and aflur'd them of the Vi<2:ory, till the Engtijh were upon
them j and fomc of their Preachers were knodc'd in the head,
whilft they were promiling the Vidfcory. Though there was
fo little relillaQce mide, that CromweU loft very few Men by
that tlays Service, yet the Execution was very terrible upon
the Kiicmy j the whole Body of the Foot beiiig, upon the
matter , cut in pieces • ^o quarter was given till they were
weary of killing j fo that there were between five and 6x thou-
&nd dead upon the place; and very few, but they who
cfcapcd by the heels of their Horfe, were without terrible
wounds ; of which very many died iliortly after ; efpecially
fuch of their Minifters who were not kill'd upon the place,
as very many were, had very notable marks about the head,
and the face, that any Body might know that they were not
hurt by chance, or in the croud, but by very good will. All
the Cannon, Ammunition, Carriage:?, and Baggage, were en-
tirely

of the ReheUioHy &c. 377

tirely taken, and Cromwell with his vidtorioiis Army march'd cromweil
direfily to Edenhorougb ; where he found plenty of all things enunVAQn-
which he wanted, and good accomraodacion for ihe rcfrclh- bofo"ii"-
ing his Army, which Itood in need of ir.

Never Victory was attended with Icfs lamentations : for
as Cromwell had ^at argument of Triumph in the total De*
feac and deftrudion of the only Army that was in Scailand ;
which Defeat had put a great part of tnat Kingdom, and the
chief City of it, under his Obedience; fo the King, who was
chea at S^jMu^^m^s, was glad of it, as the greateft happi- r^e K/n;
nefs that could oe&ll him, in thelofs offp ftrong a Body of.?''' '^^'f*'
his Enemies: who, if they iliould have prevailed, his Majcfty f^S'^J'*^'
-did believe tnat they would have ihut him up in a Prifdn the
next day; which had been only a (triAer confinement than
he fufier'd ab-eady : For the Lord Lorne^ eldeft Son to the
M2iTq\XLB oi Argylty beingCaptain of his Guard, had (b watchr
iul a care of him both night and day, that his MajeAy could
not go any whither without his leave. But, after this De-
feat^ they all look'd upon the King as one rhey might itand
in need of : they permitted his Servants, who had been fe-
quelter'd from him from his Arrival in the Kingdom, to at-
tend and wait upon him, and begun to rallc of calling a Par-
liament, and of a time for the King's Coronation ; which had
not hitherto been fpoken of. Some Minifters begun to Preach
obedience to the Kmg ; the Officers, who had been cafliicr'd
for their Malignity, talked aloud of ^^ The mifcarriagcs in the
<< Government, and that the Kingdom was betrayed to the
^'Jinemy for want of confidedcc in the King, who alone
"could preferve the Nation. They of the Council fccm'd
not to have fo abfolute a dependence upon the Marquis of
j^mUy but fpoke more freely than they had ufed to do ; and
the Marquis applied himfelf more to thd King, and to thofe
about him : fo that the King did, in a good degree, enjoy the
firuit of this viAory , as well as Cromwell , though his Ma*
jefty's advantage was difcern'd by a few Men only, and thofe
reduced into an obfcure quarter of the Kinsdom ; but the
other made the Mm$. The deftruAion of the only Army,
and the pofleffing of Edenh9rQiigh , was look'd upon, in ail
places, as the entire conqueft of the whole Kingdom.
I Don Al9Mzo made hafte to fend the News into Spain of
<^ The total and irrecoverable defeat of the King ^ that he was
"driven into the High- lands ;^ from whence he would be
" compeU'd tofiy, aflbonashecouldget means to efcape : that
•" the KepuUick was now fetded. and no more fear or hope
**of the King ; the efftft of all which , the Embafladours

auickly found at Madrid^ by the carriage and countenance of
^at King and the Council ; though ic cannot be denied that

thq

378 TheHiflory Book XIII.

the Common People gppear'd to have a much more mierour
fenfe of the Alteration, than the others did. The £mba(&-
(Jours received ihortly a full advertifement of the truth; and
<< that the King thought hi^ condition much iroprov'd by the
f^xiefeac j and chey ul'cd all the means they could, by ieveral
Audiences, to inform the King of 8p€m and Dm Ln»s of the
icruch y and ^ That they were misinformed, as if the Army
^^ overthrown was the King's; whereas th^ were indeed as
^ much his Enemies, as Cramwtlfs was. But in this they could
obtain no credit, and all ways were taken to make them per-
ceive, that it was heartily wifli'd they were gone ^ which they
wererefolv'd to take no notice of.
The Secret A- . 1 1>7 the end, onc momiog, the Secretaij of State came
fy9f Sute to them firora the. King ; and told th^m,^ That they bad been
meErifrem *' ^^^ above a year in that Court, where they had been -well
the King of '^ treated , notwichftanding fome mifcarriages , which might
Spain ror/;e^ very jultly havc inccnfe^ hisCatholick Majdfty (mention-
^"^Jf"^' ing the death of ^^ifffy ) " That they were Extraordinary Em-
finthZttl " baffadours, and fo needed not any Letters of Revocatjion y
ketone. ."that they had recciv'd Anfwers to all they had propofed, and
"were atliberty to depart; which hisCatholick Majeliy de-
'^ fired they would do, (ince their prefence in the Court would
^* be very prejudicial to his Af&irs. This unexpefled and
unufual Meflage , deliver'd ungracefully enough by an old
Man, who, notwithftanding his Office, was look'd upon with
little reverence to his parts, made them believe " That he had
^miilaken his Menage, at leait that he had deliver'd it with
"lefs Courtly circumltances than he ought to have done. Afld
therefore they returned no other Anfwer, than ** That they
<< would attend Dan Le^is de Hara^ and underftand from Him
Viey apply « the King's pleafure. The next day, they fentforan Audi-
*• ^° jcjjce to Don Lewis y whom they found with a lets open Coun-
^^' tenance than he ufed to havc; nor did he appear any thing
more Courtly than the Secretary had done ; but told them ,
diat there were Orders fent to fuch a Perfon (whom he nam'd}
to prepare their preient ; which ihould be ready within va-y
few days; and prefs'd them very plainly, and without any regard
to the feafon of the year, it being then towards the end of
January y to ufe all poflible expedition for their departure, ^
a thing that, even in that refped:, did exceedingly concern
the fervice of the King. This made the Embai&dours ima-
gine, which was likewife jeported, that there was a formal
EmbaOadour upon his way from Engiandy and that the Court
The reafon of yftoyiid be no mote liable to the like Accidents. But they
thier being knew aftcrwards, that the caufe of all this hafte was, that they
p4rf Madrid "^^8^^ bring into the Town as many Pi&ures, and other choice
wfuchhlfie. And rich Furniture, as did load eighteen Mules ; which^ as

was

Of the Reheihorty &c. 379

was (aid before, Don Alowzi9 had bought of the King's goods^
and then fent to Groyne^ and which they did not then think
could be decently brou^it to the Palace, whilft the Embaifii-*
dours fliould continue and remain in the Town.

This iojundtion to leave Madrid^ in fo unfeafonable a time
of the year, was very feyere to the Embaflkdours. The Lord
Cattingtom was at this time feventy fix years of Age, once or
twice in a year troubled with the Gour, in other refpedh of
great vigour of Body and Mind; nor did there appear in bis
natural parts any kind of decay. He had refolv^, when he
firft propofed this Embafly to the King, and it may be, ic
was the chief reafon of propofing it, that, if there (hould be no
cloor open to let him return into EogUndy by the time that
his Embafly (hould expire, he would remain and die in Spaim.
JBuc he did then believe, that he (hould have found another
Jcind of Entertainment there than he had done. He had,
without doubt deferv'd very well from that Nation, having
always perform'd thofe Offices towards them which made
him loo^d .upon at home as too well afiedled to that People,
which, together with his conftant oppo(ition of the French^
had rendered him very ungracious to the Queen : yet there
were ibme feafons, in which his credit and authority was not
;grcat enough to obtain all things for them which they defir'd,
and expedted j as when their Fleer, under the command of
€>fuendoy about the year 1630, had been aCIaulred in the Dovms^
and defeated by the Dutch Fleet, for want of that proteftion
which they thought the King might have given to them. And
it is probable their Embadadours, who were then in Englandy
whereof Don Alonzo was one, did not find that readinefs and
alacrity in him to appear in their fervice, as they had former-
ly done ; he very well knowing, that the beiiig Ibllicitous for
them, iri that conjuncture, might do Himieif Harm, and
could do Them no good, but thefe Omiflions were now rc-
member'd, and all his fervices forgotten : fo that (as hath been
touch'd before) his reception, from the firlt hour of his com-
ing lait thither, was very cold both from the King and tfade
Court. And though he was now willing to refume his former
refolution of flayins there j yet the treatment he had received,
and this laft &reweli, made him doubt, very reafonably, whe-
ther he (hould be permitted to (lay there or not.

There was another circumftance, which was nece(3Brjr
to his refiding in'^^nr, jn which he met with fome difficulties
that he had not fore(e^, and whicii did exceedingly perplex
him 'y and which he plainly enough difcern'd, and knew to bf
the Erue caufe of all the difcountenance he had met with in
that Court (though he was willing the other EmbafTadour.
who knew no&ing of it^ (hould believe that it proceeded

from

^80 TheBftory BookXlII.

from what had pafled in E^glmnd) which was then remem-
her'd in the difcourfe of the Court, and was the true caufe of
the general prejudice to him there. He had been formerly rer
conciled in that Kingdom to the Church of Rome^ and had
CQnftantly gone to the MaTs there ^ and declaring bimfelf af-y
tcrwards in England to be of the Religion of the Church off
England, he was Apodatiz'd from the other ^ which, in thac
Country, is look'd upon as fuch a Brand, as the infamy cf it
can never be wiped out^ and this indeed was the reafon of
that King's fo notable averfion from him. The truth is, he
had never made any enquiry into Religion to inform himfelf,
. but had conform'd to that which the Province he held oblig'd
him to j and though he could never get the reputation in JSa^-
land of being well afiedted to that Church, and was always
look'd upon as mod inclin'd to the Romany yet he convinced
thofe who would have taken advantage of that guilt, by being
prefenc at Prayers, and Sermons, and fometimes receiving
the Sacrament as he did the very la(i Sunday he ftay'd in the
Hague before he begun his Journey towards Spain -, and even
after his arrival there, was conltant at the reading the Com-
mon Prayers both Morning, and Evening, by their own Chap-
lain, in tiicir Houfe, as long as the Chaplain liv'd ; and many,
who knew him very well, did believe that if he had died ia
'England, he would have died in the Communion of thac
Cluirch. But there is no doubt, he did refolve, from the time
that he meant to remain and die in S^ain, that he would be-
come a Roman Cacholick again, which he thought to be a
much eafier thing than it was , and that he might have been
reconciled by any Prieft in as private a manner as he could
defire. But when he confulted that affidr with a Jefuit, who
frequently came to the Houfe, he found, that after an Apo-
Sa^"^, as they term'd it, it was not in the power of any Prieft
to reconcile him, but that it was rcferv'd to the Pope him-
felf, who rarely gives the fiaculty to any but to his own Nun-
tio^s. This obliged him to relort thither j which he could
cot eafily do without communicating it to the other £mbaf-
ladour ; towards whom this was the only fecret he referv'd.
And he found a way, as he thought, to elude him in this par-
ticular. He told him, feveral days, that the Nuntio had fent
bim fuch and fuch Meflages by that Jefuit concerning thofe
Gentlemen who were in Prifon, the fubftance whereof did
not diSer from what the Vtrntiau Cmbadadour had formerly
delivered from him : at laft, he told him, " That he found the
<< Nuntio had fomewhat to fay in that Adair which he would
^ not communicate by MeHage, but wifh'd to fpeak with him
^* in private \ for puolickly he muft not be known to have
^any conference with him ^ and that hereupon he refolv'd to

Of the Relellion^ &c. 381

*^ go incognito in Sr Benjamiu I! right's Coach to liim : which
he did, and was then recoticiicd j and rcrurn'd home, roak-
ing fuch a relation of their confierence co his Companion as
bethought tic; and delivered the Nuntio'^ falutacion to him.
But within two or three days he knew what the Affair was :
fbr^ befides that the Nuntio could not perform the Office
alone, but was to have the afliltance of two or three fo qua-
lified, there was really care taken that the other EmbaflJdour
might know it. And, before that time, when they both vi-
fired the Prefident de la Haziendsy who carried them into his
Library, whilft the other £mba{&dour was caiting his £ycs
upon lome Books ( it being the belt privarc Library in Ma-
drid) the Lord Cottingtou told the Prctident, " That he was
-^himfclfaCacholick, butthac his Companion was an oblti-
^' nate Heretick: of which the Prefident /ent him information
the next day. But fince himfelf forbore ever to Communi-
cate this fecret toliim, out of an opinion, it is very probable,
that he might give (bme diflurbance to his refolution, he like-
wife took no manner of notice of it to him to the minute of
their parting.

.This difficulty being over, there remained yet another ^'^'''^•'■<^ :
which was, his having permiflion to flay in that Country j ^^?""f ^,^"
for which he addrefs'd himfelf to Don Lewis -^ mentioned ^^^J/l/»riL
*^ his Age; his infirmity of the Gout; which would infallibly v^e hUn
" fcize upon him, if, in that fcafon of the year, he Ihould pro- '» ^^P^*"*
" voke it by an extraordinary Motion ; in a word, that it
" was impofiible for him to maJce the Journey. Don Lewis told
him, "He could anfwcrhim to part of what he faid without
" fpeaking to the King ; that he muit not think of flaying
" with the Charadter of an EmbaflTadour, nor of refiding m
" Madrid^ in how private a condition foever ; if he dehred
"any thing with thefe two reitraints, he would move the
" King in it. Tlie other told him, " That he fubmitted to both
*' thefe conditions ; and only defircd Licence to rclidc in ra/-
^^/ada/idf where he had iiv*d many years, when the Court re-
*^ main'd there, in the time of King pJhi'ip the third.

This place was not diflik'd; and within few days, Don
Ltwh fenthim word "That the King approv'd it; and that
" he Ihould have a Letter to the chief Magiitrate there, to treat
" him with all refpe^ ; and that his Majcfty would take care
"that he fliould not undergo any diilrcls, but would fupply
" him as his neccflities recjuircd. And, Ihortly after, a Mel-
fage was fent to the &ribaAadours to let them know, that the
Kmg had appointed fuch a day for to give them an Audience
to take their leave. This new importunity was ab excraordi- r/;r rw.'.t/-
nary as the former ; however, they periorm'd their Qcxcmo-fAdourihat^e
nies : and about the beginning of Mar:L\ after rhev liad been -^^'^'^^"'^ <i^

Vol. III. Parr 2- Cc m

38x Theliiftory BookXIIL

in that Court near fifteen Months, they both left Madrid iti
Vie Lord the fame hour : the Lord Cottingtm taking his Courfc for VmI»
co:cington ladolid ; where he had the fame Houfe provided , and made
v^'iiadolid '^^^^y ^^^ ^^^ ^^ the care of the JE»|/«^ Jcfuits there, in which
tiiihtAies, hehaddweltat the time of his Agency, when the Court re-
fidcd there ; where he died within one year after, in the jyth
year oi his Age.
iji4 cti.-r.t' H E was a very wife man, by the great and k>ng experience
■ihr, he i^^g^ ill bufinefs of all kinds ^ and by his natural temper,which

was not liable to' any tranfport of Anger, or any other pafli-
on, but could bear contradidion^and even reproach, without
being moved, or put out of his way : for he was very fteady
in purfuing what he propofed to himfelf, and had a courage
not to be frighted witti any oppofition. it is true he was illi-*
terate as to the Grammar of any Language, or the principles
of any Science, but by his pertedtiy underfUnding the Sfanijb
( which he fpoke as a Spaniard) the French^ and Italian Lan-
guages, and having read very much in all, he could not be
laid to be ignorant in any part of Learning, Divinity only ex-
cepted. He had a very fine and extraordinary underitanding in
the Nature of Beafts and Birds, and above all in all kind of
Plantations and Arts of Husbandry. He was born a Genrle-
man both by Father and Mother, his Father having a pretty
entire Seat near Brutm in Sometfit-fimt^ worth above two
hundred pounds a year, which had dcfcended from Father to
Son for many hundred vears, and is itill in the poflcniion of
his Eider Brother's Children, the Family having been always
Roman Catholick. His Mother was a Stafford^ nearly allied
to Sr Edward Stafford*^ who was Vice-Chamberlain to Queen
Eiizuihethj and had been Embafladour in France ^ by whom
this Gentleman was brought up, and was Gentleman of his
Horfe, and Mi one of his Executors of his Will, and by him
recommended to S*" Robert Ceciiy then Principal Secretary of
Scatc y who preferr'd him to Sr Charles CewmaUk , when he
went Embafladour into Spain^ in the beginning of the Reign
of King James ^ where he remain'd, for the (pace of eleven
or twelve years, in the condition of Secretary or Agent, with-
out ever returning into England in all that time. He raifed
by his own Virtue and Indullry a very fair Eltate, of which,
though the Revenue did not exceed above four thoufand
pounds by the year j yet. he had four very good Houfes, and
three Parks, the value whereof was not reckoned into that
computation. He liv'd very Nobly, well ferv'd, and attended
in his Houfe j had a better Stable of Horles, better provifion
for Sports Cefpecially of Hawks,in which he rook great delight.
Than molt of his Quality, and liv'd always with great fplen-
tiour^ for though he lov'd Money very well, and did not warily

enough

Of the RsheUion^ &c. 385

enough confidcr the circtunftances of getting ir, he fpent ic
wdl ail ways but in giving, which he did not afic^t. He was
of an excellent humour, and very eafy to live with^ and, un-
der a grave countenance, cover'd the nioft of mirth, and cauf-
ed nx)re, than any Man of the moft pleaianc diijpolici6n. i:lc
never ufed any'Body ill, but ufed many very well for whom
he lud no regard: his greateft fault was, that he could di(-
leroble, and make Men believe that he lov'd them very well,
when be cared not for them. He had not very tender Afie-
Aioins, nor Bowels apt to yearn at all objedU which deferv'd
compaffion. He was heartily weary of the world, and no
Man was more willing to die^ which is an Argument that he
had peace of Confcience. He left behind him a greater elteem
of his Parts, than love to his Perfon.

The other Embafladour was difmifled with much inore^^^^^^
Courteiy : for when they heard that his Family remain'd at Anu ttZr die-
9erp in FUmJersj and that he intended to go thither, and Itay mifs*d ve-j
4erc till he receiv'd other Orders firom the King his Matter, ^K^rrpN/Z;.
they gave him all difpatches thither which miglit be of ufe to
him in thofe Parts. The King of Spain himlclf ufed many
gracious £xprdIions to him at his laft Audience, and fent at-
terward» to him a Letter for the Arch-Duke Lgop^idy in which
be ezpreOed the good opinion he had of the Embafladour^
and commanded ^ That, whiUt he fliould choofe to relide in
<< thofe Parts, under his Government, heOiould receive all
^ Refped, and enjoy all Privileges as an Embai&dour : and
D^ L0wis de Hare writ likewife to the Arch- Duke, and the
Count of FMBo/aUagMa^ << To look upon him as His particular
^ Friend : all which Ceremonies, though they colt them no-
thing, were of real benefit and advantage to the Embafladour:
forbefides the Treatment he receiv'd from the Arcli-Duke
himfelf in Bruffe/Sy as Embafladour, (uch diredion^, or recom-
mendations, were fent to the MagUtrates at Amfiveif^ that
he enjoy'd the privilege of his Chappcl, and all the E»g/i/hyV/ho
were numerous then in that City, repair'd thither with all
fireedom for their Devotion, and the exercife of their Reli-
gion : which liberty had never been before granted to any
Man there, and which the BfgH/h^ and Irijb Prieiis, and the
Roman Catholicks of thofe Nations, exceedingly murmured
at, and ufed all the Endeavours they could to have taken away,
though in vain.

I N his paOage through Prance he waited upon the Queen ^^ I'ufdf-
Mother, who received him very graciouilyj and he ^^""^ {fjl^nfe""/*
there, that the fuccefs which CrcmweU had obtained in Scot- J^aitsVi'ht
land (thcxjgh the King was (till there, and in a better con- Sk^fen m»-
dition than before) had the fame efioH in the Court o^thtt.
Sfsim^ it gave over all thoughts of the King, as in a con-

C c a dicion %

k

j8+ Thetit/im-j/ BdokXIII.

ditidn ilbt oilly deplorable , but as abfolucely defperate.
There had, a litcle before, fallen ouc an accidenc chat
troubled Frdmce verv much, and no le& pleafed Spam^ which
Tne Death was thc^ death of Che Prince oiOrm$ie'^ a voung Prince of
of the Prince greac hope and expedUtion, and of a Spirit that deGr'd to be
#/ orange, j^ AcSfcion. He had found, that the Peace between Spam and
the Low-Countries, which his Father had been fo follidtous
CO make, even at his expiration, was not like to preferve him
in equal luttre to what the three former Princes had enjoy'd^
and therefore he wifhed nothing more, Chan that an oppor-
tunity might be oSer'd to enter upon the War. He complained
loudlv, that the Court of Spaim had not obferv'd, nor per-*
form d, many of thofe Conditions which it was oblig'd to do
for the particular benefit of him, and his Family : whereby
he continued involved in many Debts, which were uneafy to
him y and fo, upon all occafions which fipU our^ he adher'd
to that Party in the States which were known moft ro' favour
"^ the Intereft of France; which inclination the Cardinal, and
the other Minifters of that Crown, ufed all poflible care and
endeavour to cultivate : and Spam was fo much afieded with
the apprehenfion of the coniequcnce of that alteration, and
with the Confcience of their own having promoted it, bv not
having complied with their obligations, chat thej refolvM to
redeekn thefir error, and to reconcile him again, if poflible, ro
them. To this purpofe, a very great prefent was pre{>ar'd at
Madrid to be fent to him , ten brave Span^b Hories, the
worft of which coft there three hundred pounds Sterling,
with many other rarities of greac value, and iikewife a pre-
fent of Plate, Jewels, and perfum'd Leather, to the Princefs
]<oyal his Wife ; and a full afliirance, <' That they would forth*-
**with begin to perform all the Articles which were to be
' ^< done by them, and finidi all wichin a (hort time.

The Exprefs, who was appointed to accompany the pre-
fent, and to perform the other fundtions, was to begin his
Journey within two days, when the News, arriv'd by an Ex-
prefs firom Brujfeisy who came in as fliort a time as could be
imagined. Chat the Prince of Orange was dead of the fmall
Pox, and had left che Princefs with Child, and very near her
m Princefs time j who was brought to bed of a Son within few days af-
ddiver'd of cer his deceafe. The Court at Madrid could not conceal its
'Iftlr^''^^^ i^y^ nordiflemble their opinion, that the Enemy whofe in-
fluence they molt apprehended, was fortunately taken ouc of
the way. On the other hand, France own'd a great forrow
and grief for the lofe of a Man whom they believed ro be more
than ordinary affcdled to them j and who, by a conjundion
with their Friends in Holland^ might, in a fhort time, be much
fuperior to that Party in che States which adher'd to ihe Spamjft
Intereft. But

Of the Rebellion, &c. gSy

Bu T no Body received (b infiipportable prejudice, and da-
mage, by this fatal blow, as the King of great Britum did ^
towards whom that brave Prince gave ail tiie tdtimony and The KH
manifeftation of the molt entire, fait, and unlhaken Aftedbion ^^fi ** /"i"
and Fricndihip, that hath ever been perform'd towards any f;'^*p„],'*^^
Pcribn under any fignal Miaibrtune. Befides the adilting him,
upon feveral emergent occafions, with greater Sums of Money
than were eafy to his incumber'd Fortune, his Reputation,
and his declarVl Refolution, << That he would venture all he
« had in that Quarrel, difpofed roanv to be more concern'd
for his Majeity. Thoueh he could not prevail over that
Fadtion in HoUamd^ which were known to favour crowvueli^
( and the more out of their averiion to him, and to his Power
and Greatnefi ) to induce them to ferve the King, yet he kepc
the States General from confenting to that infamous Alliance
and Conjunction, which, fliortly, after his death, they enter'd
into with the new Republick \ and which diey would never
have yielded to, if He had liv'd. And no douot, the refpeft
both France and Spam had for Him , and his Interpofition,
bad nrevaii'd with ooch to be more reilrain'd than they after-
wards appcar'd to be, in a total declining all confideration of
the King, and rejeAing all thoughts of his Reitoration. Iq
contributed verjr much to the negligent Farewcl the Embaf-
fadours had received in Spain : For the news of the Prince's
death had arriv'd there fome time before their departure i and
it did not only extinguidi all imaginations in France oi any

!>o(Eble hope for our King, but very much leflen'd the Re-
bedt and Civility, which that Court had always fliew'd to
the Queen her felf , as a Daughter of France'^ towards whom
they exprefled not that regard they had formerly done.

CUT there was another accident, which, at this time, gave
the Queen more trouble than this; and of which her Majefty
made great complaint to the Chancellor of the Exchequer ac
his return from Spain. Upon the Inicrview which had been
between the King and che Queen at BeanvaiSy when the King
went for Holland^ upon the fbrefight, if not rhe reiblucion,
that it would be fit for him to adventure his own Perfon into ^^^.,^.^^
SeatlanJy he had left his Brother the Duke of Tork with the ,;^" ji'"^ ...f
Queen, with dircdkion " That he Ihould conform himfelf en- York left
** tirely to the will and pleafure of the Queen his Mother, with the
" matters of Religion only excepted. And there was the lefs ^'""*
doubt of his conformity to her Commands, becaufe, befides
his Piety and Duty, wnich was very entire towards her, he
was to diepend wholely upon her Bounty for his Support ; the
Court of France not taking any notice of this increafe of her
expence. nor paying her own narrow aflignation with any
pundhiality ; fo that Qie was not able, befides the refcrvednels

C c 3 in

586 The Hiftory Book XIIL

in ber Nature, fo to fiipply bim as to make his Condition
pieafant to him; but exercifcd the fame Auftere Carriage to-
' wards him, which (he had done to the Prince his Brother,
and as unfuccesfuUy. The Duke was very young, with a
numerous Family ot his own, not well enough inclined to be
contented, and confifting of Pcrfons who lov'd not one an«
other, nor their Matter well enough to confider him before
Uiemfelves : which wrought that efieA upon him, that none
of them had that Credit with him, that, at fuch an Age, fomc
jgood Men ought to have had : which proceeded from wane
of rcafonable providence and circumfpe<3ion. For when be
made his Efcape out of England ( as is mention'd before ) he
had only one Ferfon attenchng him ( who had, before, no re-
lation or pretence to his Service) whofe Merit might have
been otherwife requited, than by giving him a title and de-
pendence upon him ; and he quickly appeared to be fo un-
worthy of it, that he was remov'd from it. Then was the
time tnat fuch Perfons fliould have been placed about him, as
might have both difcover'd fuch infirmities, as his Nature
might incline him to, and have infufed thofe Principles of
Virtue, and Honour, as he was molt capable of, and difpofed
to; and which had been as proper for his prefent Misfortune,
as for his higheft Dignity. But that province was wbolely
committed to the Queen his Mother by the liate King, who
was then in Prifon; and her Majefty being then at Paris^
when the Duke Landed in Holland^ Qie could not deliberate
fo long upon it as fuch a fufojedt requir'd ; and fo was per-
fwaded by others to confider them more than her Son ; and
made hafte to put fuch a Family about him, witH reference to
the Number, and to the Offices which they were defign'd to
ferve in, as was above-the greatnefs to which the younger Son
of the Crown oi England could pretend, by the Ufage and
Cuflom of that Kingdom, when it was in the greateft Splen-
dour ; and all this, when there was not in view the leaft Reve-
nue to Support ir,- but that the whole Charge and Burden of it
mull inevitably fall upon Her; of which her Majefty was
quickly fcnfible, and paid the penalty at leaft in the peace and
quiet of her Mind.

The Duke was full of Spirit and Courage, and naturally
lov'd defigns, anddefir'd to engage himfdf in fome Adlion
that might improve and advance the low Condition of the
King his Brother ; towards whom he had an inviolable Af-
fedtion and Fidelity, fuperior to any Temptation. He was
not pleafed with the treatment he received in France, nor had
confidence enough in any of his Servants, to be advifed by
them towards the contriving any expedient that he might rea-
ibqably di(pofe himfelf to, or to be diHwaded from any £n-

terprife

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 387

terprife which his own Padion might fuggclt to him j thougii
too many had too much Credit with him in contnbiiiiiig \o
his difeontencs, and in reprefcnting the uncomtorcablcneh ot
his own Condition to him j "The little regard the Q^iecn ap-
**pcar'd to have of him, the lulire that Ibme of her Servants
"fiv'd in, and thofe who depended upon them, whillt his
" Royal Highnefs wanted all that was neceflary, and his Ser-
**vants were expofed to the molt fcandalous nccciliric3 and
« contempt j which fuggeltions, by degrees, beg ;n to abate
that reverence in him to the Queen his Mother, to wliich he
was very dutifully incline.

There were at that time two Perfons, who, though
without any relation to the Court, very much trequemcd the
Duke's Lodgings, and had frequent difcourfcs with him, S' Ed- Sr ej-.vjm
tvard Hfirhert^ and the late King's Atturncy General Tof whom f lerbcrr..- :
much is (aid before) and Sr George Rmtciijfy who had bccn'^f.^?-,'^^'-
defign'd by that King to attend upon the Duke of Tork into I:[].|!/;*;,^
Ireland^ when he once thought of fending him thither. But 'l^f:,, ... ,.
that dcfign being quickly laid afide, there was no more thought
of ufing his Service there. The Duke look'd upon them
both as Wife Men, and fit to give him advice ; and hnding
that they both applied themfelves to him with diligence, and
addrefs, he communicated his thoughts more freely to them
than to any others. And they took pains to pcrfwade him to
diUike the Condition he was in, and that he might fpend his
time more to his advantage in fome other place than in
France. They fpoke often to him of the Duke of Lorraine^ T^'fj »•'•«-»»»-
** As a pattern and example for all unfortunate Princes to fol- '«<'"^ '•'-'»»
" low : That he being, by the power and injuitice of the King ^!jl^"lZ'>t
^^ of France^ driven out of his Principality and Dominions, »/LoiTair.v'
** had, by his own Virtue and Adtivity, put himfclf in the
** head of an Army; by which he made himfclf fo confiderable,
^' that he was Courted by both the Crowns of France and
^^Spain^ and might make his Conditions with either accord-
^' ing to his own cledlion; and in the mean rime iivM wi-ii
" great Reputation, and in great P]cn»y, eltecm'd by ail the
" World for his Courage and Condudt. V/ith thcle, and the
like diicourfes, the Duke was much pleafed, and amuicd, and
wiihy in himfelf that he could be put into fuch a Condition,
when in truth there could not a more irppropcr example have
been propofed to him, whofe Condition was more unhke his,
or whofe Fortune and Manners he was iefs to willi to follow,
or iefs able to imitate. For the Duke of Lorraine had foi r..i r> .- .>:
many years before his Misfortunes, had a great name in War, i.onan./
and was look'd upon as bne of the greatelt Captains of chn- ' •' •'" •
fiendGm.y and had drawn the Arms anci Power of Franc? upon
him, by his inconftancy, and adhering to S^ahi'i contrary

C c 4. io

588 TheHiftory BookXIIL

to his Treaty and obligation with the other Crown ^ and when
]ic was driven out ofhis own Country, and not able to de-
fend ir, he was in rhe head of a very good Army, and pof-
feCTcd of great wealth, which he carried with him, and could
not but be very welcome, as he well knew, into Flanders^
both as his Misfortune proceeded from his Afiedtion to their
King, and as his Forces were neceOary for their defence. And
fo he made fuch Conditions with rhcm, as were moll bene-
ficial to himielf, and yet, in the confequence, fo unfuccesful,
ias might well terrify all other Princes from treading in the
fame footileps.
jiyt King W 1 T H the rcpott of the defeat of that Army by Cromtuell
Frin^ce /«* ^^ Scotland (which was the firft good fortune to the King ) or
u dead. fHortly after , fome Letters from England brought Intelli-
gence, without any ground, that the King was dangeroufly
Sick ^ and Ihortly after, that he was Dead ; which was' be-
Itev'd in Efig/andj and from thence tranfmitted into FroMct,
This gave a new Alarm to thofe two Gentlemen mention'd
before, who received this information from fuch Friends in
England^ that they did really, believe it to be true; and there-
upon concluded, that both the place and the company wbuld
not be fit for the new King to be found in : and therefore that
it would be neceflary for him to remove from thence, before
the report (hould be confirm'd, and believ'd.

Whether they imparted this nice confideration to the
Duke or not, his Highnefs, without any Preface of the Mo-
The Duke <»f tives, told the Queen, « He was refoMd to make a foumey to
^!!lnl:u ''Bri#^^; who, being exceedingly furprifed ask^d him the
Uother that reafon , and '' How he could be able to make fuch a Journey ?
he will go to which fhe in truth believ'd impoflible for him, fince the knew
Brufleis ; he had no Money. His Anfwer in Ihort was, " That he would
»w/;.r/;. <c vific the Duke of Lorraine^ who had been always a Friend
"^ " ^^ to his Father, and continued his Afie&ion to the King his
** Brother ; and he had fome reafon to believe, that Duke
<^ would enable him to appear inaction, that might be for his
*'Majefty's fervice; and that he was refolv*d to begin his
Journey the next day , from which, neither the Queen's ad-
vice, nor Authority, could divert him. Her Majeity quickly
difccrn'dj that neither the Lord Byron, nor S' John Berkley^ nor
Mr Bennetj his Secretary, knew any thing of it ^ and therefore
cafily concluded who rhe Councellors werej who were both
very ungracious to her, and (he had long done all (he could
to leffen the Duke's elteem of them. They well forfc&w that
the want of Money would be of that force, that, without any
other difficulty, the Journey would 'be render'd impoflible.
They had therefore, upon their own credit, or out o£ their
own (tore, procur'd as much as would defray the Joum^ to

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 389

Bruffek ; which, by the Duke's diredtions, was put into the
hmAsoiS^ George Rate /iffy and to be managed by his provi-
dence and diicrecion. And chcn he pubhckly declar'd his
refoiution to begin his Journey the next day tor Brtifftli^ leav-
ing his Servants lo make what ihitc they could to Itay there,
or follow him.

Since there was no remedy, the Queen thought it nccef-
&ry that his chief Servants fhouid wait on him, char Ihe might
receive an Account what progrels he made, and whac hiS de-
iign could be: fo the Lord liyron, and Mr Bemiet^ made thcm-
felves ready for the Journey j Sr John Berkley choo(ing to
flay behmd, that he might not appear inferior where he hud
exercifed the fupremc Charge. And lb, with the other two
Counfellors, and many of the inferior Servants, the Duke
according to his refoiution, left the Qiiecn j and, when he
came to Bruffels^ he lodged at the Houlc of S** Henry dc FU
the King's Refidenr, without being taken notice of by any of
that Court. There the two Counleilors begun to torm his Fa-
inily,and to confer Offices upon thofe who were molt accepta-
ble to them j prefuming that they ihould ihortly receive
News from England ^ which would confirm all that they
had done under other Titles. In the mean time the Govern-
ment of the Houfe, and ordering the cxpence, was commit-
ted wholely to S^ George Rat cliffy whillt the other contented
himfelf with prelidingui the Councils, and dircdtingall the
politick dcfigns. I'he Duke o£ Lorraine had vKited the Duke'
upon his firit Arrival, and being inform'd of tiie itreights his
Royal Highnefs was in, prefented him with one thoufand
Pillols. But pow the fecret ground of all their Counfels
was found to be without any reality : the King was not only
alive, and in good health, but known to be in the head of aa
Army that look'd Crowwel/ in the Face ;. wh ich dcltroy*d all
the Machine they had raifed : yet, being too far Kmbark'd
to retire with any grace, and being encouraged by the civili*
ry the Duke of Lorraine had Ihew'd towards the Duke, they
had the prefumption to propofe that there might be a Mar-
riage between the Duke otYorky^nd the Daughter of the Duke iiktm.'^t',,'

0!T jJ'.i

When the Duke of Lorraine b.^ how the Affairs of this/,
young Prince were conducted, and that the Lord Byron^ and P't^*r
Mr Benmety who were Men well bred, and able ro have dil- ^•'Hv-
courfedany buhnefs to him, one whereof was his Govemour,
and the other hi^ Secretary, who by their Offices ought to be
more trufted in an Affair of that moment, were not at all ac-
quainted with it, and that the other two Perfons, who were

Men

390 TheHtflory Book XIII.

Men of a very unufual mien, appcar'd in it, and that only
..S*^ George Bstcliff undertook to fpeak to him about it, who
could only make himfelf underftood in Lstimy which the Duke
cared not to fpeak in, he dcclin'd entertaining the motion,
till he maght know that it was made with the King's approba*
tion^ which the other did not pretend it to be, but ^That he
'^did not doubt it would be afterwards approv'd by his Ma-
**jcfty. Thus they were at the end of their projects; and
^r ^r%' ^^^^^ being no means to ftay longer at Brupls^ they perfwad-
/' r 1/ 'fVtf ^^ ^^^ ^"^c ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^*^^ ^^ ^^^ Hague^ and there to con-
Hague, fider, and advife what was next to be done.

O F all thefe particulars the Queen complain'd to the Chan-
cellor of the Exchequer, with great bitterneis againft the folly
and prefumption oir thofe two Gentlemen, whofe fidelity to
the FLing ihe did not fufpea; nor could (lie imagine the mo-
tive that had engaged them in fuch a bold undertaking ; but
ilie req'jir'd him,. ^ That adbon as he ihould come into FAra-
'^ Jersy he would make a Journey to the Thigue^ and prevail
" with the Duke ( to whom (he writ to the fame purpofe^ *' lo
"return again ro Farts j which the Chancellor promi(ed to
endeavour heartily to dOj being exceedingly troubled at the
general difcourfc, which that Sally had aidminifter'd , as if
there were a Schifm in the Royal Family in a feafon when fo
much union was requidte.

There was another inftance of the Kii^s extreme low
condition, and of the highelt difrepedt the Court of Framct
could exprefs towards him, and of wiiich all the Protectant
Party of the Qiiecn's Family complained very vehemently.
From the time of the Queen's being in France^ the late King
had appointed a Chaplain of his own, D^ CoJimSy who was af-
terwards Biihop of DurhaMy to attend upon her Majehy for
the conttant fcrvice of that part of her Houihold, the num-
ber of her Froteltant Servants being much fuperior to thofe
who were Roman Catholicks. And the Queen had always
pundtually comply'd with the King's directions, and ufed the
Chaplain very gracioudy, and adign'd him a competent fup-
port with the rclt of her Servants. An under Room in the
Louvre^ out of any common paflage, had been aflign'd for
their Morning and Evening Devotions ; the Key whereof was
commiited to the Chaplain -y who caufed the Room to be de-
cently furniih'd, and kept; beingmadeufeoftonoptherpur-
p' CofiiM pofe. Here, when the Prince firlt came thither, .and after-

tllt M te ^'*^^^> ^^^^^^ ^^ ^^y'^' ^^ performed his Devotions all the
Pror^jiLn Week, but went Sundays (till to the Refident's Houfe to hear
in lis Sermons. At this time an Order was fent from the Queen
Bli^cns F.!- Regent, « That that Room Ihould be no more apply'd to that
mt'y At ri- jc purnoie, and thac the Frtvch King would not permit the

" txcrcilc

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 391

•* Exercife of any other Religion in any of his Houfcs than the
** Roman Catholick : and the Queen gave notice to the Chap-
lain « That ihe was no longer able to continue the payircnc
" of the Exhibition Ihe had foimerly aflign'd to hin.. 'I he
Proteliants, whereof many were the belf Qiiahty, lamented
this Alteration to the Chancellor of the Exchequer ; and de-
fired him to intercede with the Queen, which he had the
more title to do, becaufe, at his going into Sfainy (he had
vouchfafed to promifc him ( upon fome Rumour?, of which
he took notice) "That the fame Privilege, which had been,
•*fliouldftill be continued, and enjoy'd by the Frotettants of
" her Houfhold ; and that (lie would provide for the Chap-
•* Iain's Subfiltencc. He prefum'd therefore to fpeak with her Vie cunrtl'
Majelty upon it ; and befought her to conhdcr, " What ill im- '"" i?"V
"preflion this new Order would make upon the Prote(Unts^^i^|'^'
" of all the King's Dominions j upon whom he was chiefly to ^^h, ,>.
'^ depend for his Reflauration ^ and how much prejudice it
** might be to her felf, to be look'd upon as a greater Enemy
** to Proteftants, than (lie had been taken notice of to be;
*' and likewife whether this Order, which had been given
'* fince the departure of the Duke oi'Tork, might not be made
^^ ufe of as an excufe for his not returning, or indeed for his
" going away at firit, fincc the precife time when it iflued,
" would not be generally underdood. The Queen heard him Ur Q.iifc.i\
very gracioudy, and acknowledged " That what he faid had ^"f^''^-
•^ reafon in it j but protetted that (lie knew not what remedy
" to apply to it ; that (he had been her felf furprifcd with that
** Oroer, and was troubled at it ; but that the Queen Regent
*' was pofitivc in it, and blamed her for want of Zeal in her
** Religion ; and that (he cared not to advance it, or to con-
^* yert any of her Children. She widi'd him "To confer with
"Mr Mount ague M^onii., andimply'd, " That His bigotry in
*' his new Religion, had contributed much to the procuring
** that Order. He had newly taken Orders, and was become
Pricft in that Church, and had great power with the Queen
Regent, as well for his Animolity againlt that Religion he
Hadprofeflcd, as for his vehement Zeal for the Church of
which he now was. Upon this occafion, her Majelty ex-
preded a great fenfe of the lofs (he had fultain'd by the death
of her old Confeflbr, Father Philtps ; who, (he faid, " Was a
" prudent and difcreet Man ; and would never fufter her to be
^^ prefled to any paflionate undertakings, under pretence of
'' doing good for Catholicks ; and always told her, that as (he
** ought to continue firm and conflant to her own Religion,
"fome was to live well towards the Froteftants,who deferv'd
"well from her, and to whom (he was beholding. She faid,
** it would not be pofBble to have the fame or any other Room

" fee

39X TheBiftorjf BookXTII.

^c fet aTide, or allow'd to be ufed as a Chapel ^ but that (he
^' would take fuch courfe, that the Family might meet for the
*< Exercife of their Devotion in fome private Room that be-
^long'd to their Lodgings: and that though hejr own Exhibi-
^ tion was fo ill paid, chat (he was indebted to all her Ser-
'^ vanes, yet (he would give order that Dodlor Cofiits ( againfl:
'^ whom ihe had fome perfonal exceptions) fliould receive his
*' Salary, in proportion with the relt of her Servants. She bid
him << allure the Duke of Tork^ that he Ihould have a free Ex-
*< ercife of his Religion, as he had before, thou^ it muft not
<' be in the fame place.
jheChAneei- The Chancellor conferred with M' Ahuntsgue upon the
mit^ii^' Subjedl J and offerM the fame reafons which he had done to
Moumague ^^^ Queen j which he look'd upon as of no moment^ but
46«M/ it. (aid, "That the King of France was Mailer in his own Houfe,
<^ and he was refolv'd, though the King of EiKghnd himfelf
<< fliould come thicher again, never to permit any folemn ex-
^< ercife of the Proteftant Religion in any Houfe of his. The
coniideration of what the Proteltants m EMgland might think
on this occafion, was of lead moment to him ; and it was in-
deed the Common difcourfc there, <<That the ProtelUntsof che
*^ Church of £»^//ijif^ could never do the King Service, but that
^^all his hopes muft be in the Roman Catholicks, and the
<^ Presbyterians; and that he ought to give all fatisfadtion
" to both thofe Parties.

W H E N the Chancellor of the Exchequer came to Amtwerh

with a purpofe to moke a Journey fpeedily to the Hagu^y he

was intorm'd, '< That the States were much offended chat the

^' Duke of Tor k remain'd there ^ and therefore that the Princeft

^^ Royal ( who now more depended upon their favour than

ever ; her own Joynture, as well as the fortune of her Son,

being to be fettled in their Judicatory) ^ could no longer en-

^ terrain him, but that he would be the next day at Breda.

77j0r»i»c(;/- Thicher the Chancellor immediately went^ and found the

hr finds the Dukc there with a Family in all the confiilion imaginable, io

Y***!^ ^^ prefcnc want of every thing, and not knowing what was to be

Br*eda Tand ^^"^ "^^^* T*^^/ ^^^ ceufor'd and reproach'd the Counfel by

ih, f Anions which they had been guided, and the Counfelfors as bitterly

p"';rD»^^?v inveigh 'd againft each other, for undertaking many things

\imi'ythtre. ^hich had no foundation in tmth. They who concurred in

nothing elfc, were equally fevere againft the Attumey, as a

Man of that intolerable pride that it was not poflible tor any

Man to converfe with him. He as frankly reproach'd them

■<i\\ v/ith being Men of no parts, of no underftanding, nor

learning, no principles, and no refolution, and was fo juft to

:hcm all, as to concemn every Man of them alike. In truth

, ht h^i rendered mmlcli fo grievous co them all, that there was

no

(^the Rebellion^ Sec. 395

no Man who ddired to be in his Company , yet by the
knack of his talk, which was the molt hke reaibn without be-
ing it, he retain'd dill too much credit with the Duke j who,
being amufed and confounded with his poiitive diicour(c,
thought him to be wifer than thofe who were more caiily
underftood ^ and was himfelf fo young, that he was raiher
delight^ with the Journeys he had made, than ien(ible that
he had not entered upon them with reaibn enough j and was
fortified with a firm refolution never to acknowledge that he
had. committed any error. However, he was very glad to re-
ceive the Qttcetfs Letter, which the Chancellor dcliveied to
him ^ heard his advice very willingly, and reiblv'd to begin his
Journey to Paris without any delay; and looked u[on ihe oc-
cafion, as a very feafonable redemption. The next day he
went to Anttjoerp ; and from thence, with the fame retinue he
had carried with him, made hafte to Paris^ and was receiv'd by
the Queen his Mother without thofe cxpoltulations and repre- ^'^ i>^h!
henfions which he might reafonably have expedted ; though ^'JJ^*^^ 'J^^^
her feverity was the feme towards all thofe, who, Ihe thought, ^'/i? ''*
had had the credit and power to feduce him ; and they were
not foUicitous, by any Apologies or Confeflion, to recover her
favour: for the true reaibn that had fwayed them being not to
be avow'd, any other that they could devife and fuggelt, would
have rcnder'd them more inexcufable.

During this time, the King underwent all kind of Mor- Tj8 KJnCt
tifications in Scotland, But atter the defeat of the Scotijh Ar- afair/in
my in Soptemher^ with which the King and Cromwell were Scotlind.
equali^delighted, as hath been faid before, the Marquis of
jirgyl^s Kmpire feem'd not to be fo abfolute. A new Army
was appointed to be raifed; the King himfelf interpofed more
than he had done; and the. Noblemen and Officers came to
him with more confidence; and his Majeity took upon him
to complain and exnoilulate, when thofe things were done
which he did not lilce : Yet the Power was Ihil in Argyle^s
hands; who, under all the profeflions of Humility, exercifed
ftill the fame Tyranny; infomuch as the King grew weary of
his own Patience, and refolv'd to make fome attempt to free
himfelf Dr Fraziery who had been the King's Phyfician
many years before, and had conflanriy attended upon his Per-
fon, and very much contributed to the King's Journey into
Scotland, was, (hortly after his coming thither, dilliked by Ar^
gyle ; who knew that he was a Creature of the Ham'thonians^
and found him to be of an unqiuet and over-aflive Spirit ;
and thereupon fequcttered him trom his Attendance. There
were many Officers who had fcrved in Duke Hamilton's En-
gagement, as Midd'etony and others, who had very entire Af-
fc\5lions for the King ; and m'xxi)' of them had corrdponded with

394- TloeHiftory BookXIlI.

Mountrofiy and refolv'd to have joyn'd with him , and folding
tbemrelves excluded, as all of them were, from any Employ-
menc by the Power of Argyh^ had retired into the High-
lands, and rcmaioed there concealed in expectation of fome
!;ood Seafon, in which chey might avowedly appear. Witii
bme of cheie Dr Frazier bad held correfpondence whilft he
was in the Court, and had often fpokcn to the King of their
Afiedion, and readinefe to (erve him, and of their power to
do ir, and had returned his Majelty's gracious Acceptation of
their Service, and his Refolution to employ them. And now
not being himfelf fuficr'd to come to the Court, be found
means to meet and confer with many of them; and held In-
telligence with the Lord Lautherdakj who had always great
contidence in him ; and the Officers undertaking to do more
than they could, or the Do&or underltatiding them to under-
take more than they did (for his Fidelity was never (iifpedt-
ed) he gave the King (iich an Account of their Numbers, as
well as Refolutions, that his Majdty appointed a day for
their Rendezvous, and promifed to be preient with them, and
then CO publtdi a Declaration (which was likewife preoared)
of the ill treatment he had endured, and againft the rerfon
of Argyl€\ to whom the Duke of Bucki^bam gave himfelf
wholely up , and imparted to him all this correfpondence,
having found fome of the Letters which had pafled, by the
King's having left his Cabinet open y for he was not at all
trufted in it.
T^ Ki^'S But Argfk did not think the time fo near; fo that the
Z^'^^T^tht ^^"8 ^^^ pi ofecute this purpofe fo far, that he rode one day,
n7^iUJ,dr, wif ^^ a doxen or twenty Horfe, into the High-lands , and
whuh was ' lodged there one night ; neither the Marquis of ArgyUj nor
cAU.^d the any Body elfc, knowing what was become of him ; which
Start. pyj. fj^gjjj oil j^^Q great dittraflion. It was indeed a very
empty and unprepared deOgn, contriv'd and conducted by
Dr Frazier, without any foundation to build upon; and might
well have ruin'd the King. It was afterwards call'd the Start j
yet it proved, contrary to the expediation of Wife Men, very
But u per- much to his Majelty's advantage. For though he was com-
fwaded to pguy the ucxt day to return with a circumftance that fcemed
*ntx7i!!j^ to have fomewhat of Force in it (for as the Company he
looked for failed to appear, fo there was a Troop of Horfe,
^« KjV which he looked not for, lent by Ariyle^ who uled very ef-
1?/''^ ^rds ^^^^^ Inftance with him to return) yet notwithflanding, this
kjTsgyXc. Declaration of his Majelty's refentment, together with the ob-
fervation of what the People generally fpoke upon it, ** That
menrf^. " ^^^ *^*"g ^^^ "^^ trcatcd as he ought to be, made the A4ar-
mon'd in the qnis of Argy/e changc his Counfels, and to be more follicitous
Ki^^'* to fatisfy the King. A Summons was fenc out, in the King's
"*^*- name*

Of the Rebellion, &c. 395-

name, to call a Parliament; and great prep^rarions were really
made tor the Coronation ; and the Seafon ot il.c ycai, ngainit
which CromweU was Iccuriiig himlclr in hMnhorough , anvt
makingProviiionsfor his Army, the W'iiircrconjng on, and
the Itrong Pafles which wcreeafy then robe riurdcd, hindtcd
Che £nemies advance: fo that the King rcliricJ, ibmctimes ac
Sterling^ and fometimcs at ^Jobnftons^ wit!, convenience
enough. The ParUamenc met at Steriivg^ and (hortly atrcr/- nt^-tsat
brought all the Lords of the other Party thither, who appeared s.^ riir.g,
to have credit enough to wipe off thofe (tains wiih which the "^'f^y
Engagement had de&ced them, yet with I'ubmiflion to (tandy^I'J '
publickly in the Stool of Repentance, acknowledging their
former Trani'greflions ; as they all did.

Duke Hamilton and Lautherdak were welcome to the
King, and neareii his Confidence j which neither the Duke
of Buckingham^ who had caft off their Frlenddiip as unufcfuJ,
nor the Marquis of Argyle , were pieafed with. The King
himfelf grew wtry Popular, and by his frequent conferences
with the Knights and Burgeffes, got any thing pafled in the
Parliament which he defired. He caufed many infamous Ads ^n ./>^
to be repeal'd, and provided for the railing an Army, where- TMfed. of
of himfeif was General ; and no exceptions were taken to J/'"^" '/'*
thofe Officers who had formerly I'crv'd the King his Father. r^' ''J/.

The Coronation was pafled wirh great Solemnity and kecl-.o,*'
Magnificence, all Men making ihew of Joy, and of being uni- tii-.
ted to fcrve his Majelty : yet the Marquis of Argyle prclerv'd
his grearnefs and intereft ib well, and w«is (till fo coniiderable,
that it was thought very expedient to raiic an imagination in
him, that the King had a purpoCc to Marry one of his Daugh-
thers ^ which was carried 16 tar, that the King could no other-
wife defend himfeif from it, than by lending an Expicfs into
France for the Queen his Mother's conlcnr ( which iccmed
not to be doubted of) and to that purpofe Captain TituSy a
Perfon grateful to Argyle^ and to all the Presbyterian Party,
was fent j who, finding the Queen lel< warm upon the Propo-
fttion than was expedted, made lefs haite back ^ fo that tho
F$te of Scotland W3LS firit determin'd.

T H R King's Army was as well modelled, and in as good a
Condition as it was like to be whilit he (taycd in Scotland,
By that time that CromrpiU was ready to take ihe I'ield, his
Majefty was perfwadcd to make D^ v/df Lip/Zc;* his Ijcutcnanc
General of the Army ; who had Very long experience, and
a very good Name in War ^ and Mtddkton Commanded the
Horle. The Artillery was in very good order under the
Command of Wemmes^ who had not the worfc Reputation
there for having been ungrateful ro the King's Farher. He
was a confefled good Officer j and there were, or could be,

very

396 TheHiftory fibokXIII.

very few Officers of any fuperiour Command, but fiich vlrtib
had drawn their Swords againft his late Majeity^ moft of
thofe who had terv'd under the Marquis of Mountrofi^ hav-
itig been put to death. Many of the greatdt Noblemen had
raifed Regiments, or Troops ; and all the young Gentleman
of the Kingdom appear'd very hearty and chearful in Com-
mands, or Voluntiers : and, in all appearance, they feem'd a
Body equal in any refpedl, and fuperior in Number, to th^
Enemy ^ which advanced all they could, and made it mani<^
Cromwell ^cfi: that they dcfir'd nothing more than to come to Battle;
endeavours which was Hot thought Counfcllable for the King's Army to
tofif^htthe engage in, except upon very notable Advantages j which
^^y^^' they had reafon every day to expedl; for there was a very
broad and a deep River between them j and if they kept the
Pafles, of which they were pofleOed* and could hardly choofe
bur keep, Crom'well muft in a very tew days want Provifionsf,
and fo be forced to retire, wbilft the King had plenty of all
things which he ftood in need of, and could, by the advan^
tages of the Fades, be in his Rere aflbon as he thought fit.
Both^rmies I N this pofture both Armics ftood in view of each othe^
TteareAch near the two Months ofy»»tfand Jvhj with fome fmallat-
'lihnths^of f*^»Tipts upon each other, with equal Succefs. About the end
]une oKd o^ 7^^j t)y the cowardife or treachery of Major General Browtr^
July. who had a body of four thoufand Men to keep it, CromwelTs
Forces under Lambert^ gain'd the Pafs, by which they got
Cromwei! behind the King \ and though they couM not compel his Ma-
^4i«irtJ^/«r.,jefty ro fight , for there was ftill the great River between
w^fz/ff ^"^ them, they were poflefled, or might quickly be, of the molt
7^;;^. fruitful part of the Country ; and lb would not only have fafS-
cienr Provifionfor their own Army, butinafliort time would
be able to cut off much of that which fhould fupply the King's.
f This was a great furprife to the King, and put nim into new

Counfels j and he did, with the unanimous Advice ofalmoft
all the principal Officers, and all thofe who were admitted
to the Council, take a refolution worthy of his Courage;
which, how unfortunate foever it prov'd, was evidence enough
that the fame misfortune would have fallen out if he had not
taken it.

The King was now, by 0^ww^//'s putting himfelf behind
him, much nearer to E*rgland than He : nor was it poflible
for him to overtake his Majelty, in regard of the ways he waii
unavoidably to pafs, till after the King had been fome days
march before him : his Majefty's fate depended upon the Sue*
ccfs of one Battle : for a poffible Efcape into the High-lands,
after a Defeat, there was no Kingly profoedt : all the Northern
parts of England had given him caule to believe that they
were very well affedtcd to his Service, and if he could reach

tho{c

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 397

thofe Countries, he might prefume to encreafe his Army,
which was numerous enough, with an Addition of fuch Men
as would make it much more conliderablc. Hereupon, with ^^i^ff^
the. concurrence aforeikid, it was refolv'd that tne Army mlrch inf
(hould immediately march, wirh as much Expedition as was England.
poflible, into Engfawd^ by the neare(t ways, which led into
Iuamm[birey whither the King fent Exprefles to give thofe, of
whom he expeded much (by reaibn Ibmc of them had been
in Stotland with him, with promife of- large undertakings )
notice of his purpofe, that they might get their Soldiers toge-
ther to receive him. His Majeity fent likewife an Exprefs
to the Ifle of Man^ where the Earl of Der^ had fecurely re-
posed himfelf from the end of the former War," That he ihould
^^meet his Majefty in Lancajbire. The Marquis of ArgjleThetAAr^uk
was the only Man who dillWaded his Majelty's march inco'/Argyle
EiKgiATtdy with reafons which were uoc frivolous j but the con- /^^j'^
trary prevailed j and he Itayed behind j and, when the King 4,;^ ^^^^'^i
begun his march, retired to his Houfe in the High lands. ^r/j<Vii,4ni
Some were of opinion, that he (hould then have been made '''"'^'^ ^* ''*-"
Priibner,.and left fo fecured that he might not be able to do ^'^^^'
mifchief when the King was gone, which mo(i Men believed
he would incline to. out his Majefty would not confent to
ir,becaufe he was confident ^< He would not attempt any thing
** while the Army was entire: if it prevailed, he neither
" would, nor could do any harm ^ and if it were defeated, it
'< would be no great matter what he did.

Though Cronmell was not frequently without good In-
telligence what was done in the King's Army, and Councils,
yec this lafl; refolution was confuked with fo great fecre-
cy, * and executed with that wonderful expedition, that the
King had marched a whole day without his comprehending
what the meaning was, and before he recciv'd the lealt ad- ^

vertifemenc of it. It was not a fmall I'urprife to him, nor was crom-
it eafy for him to refolve what to do. If he fhould follow wciiy Re-.
with his whole Army, all the Advantages he had got in Scot^^j^'JI^f
land^ would be prelently lo(t, and the whole Kmgdom ^^on7hkNc»r.
again united in any new mifchief. If he followed but With
part, he might be too weak when he overtook the King;
whole Army hc^knew, would bear the fatigue of a long march
better than His could do. There were two confiderations
which troubled him exceedingly j the one, the terrible con-
iternation he forefaw the Parliament would be in, when they
heard that the King with his Army was nearer to them, than
their own Army was for their defence j and he knew that he
had Enemies enough to improve their fear, and to leflen his
Conduct: the other was, the Apprehenfion, that, if the King
had time given to rcit in any place, he would infinitely en-

Vol. III. Part-. Dd creafc

398 Thetiiliory BookXIII.

create and ftrengthen his Army by the reforc of the People^ a5
well as the Gentry and Nobility, from all parts. And though
he did fo much undervalue the Scvtifh Army, that he would
have been glad to have found himfelf engaged with it, upon
any inequality of Numbers, and diiadvantage of ground, yet
he did believe, that, by a good mixture with E^l^^ they
might be made very confiderable. He took a very quick re-
folution to provide for all the beft he could : he dilpatched an
Esprefi to the Parliament^ to prevent their being furprifed
with die News^ and to afliire them, ^ That he would himfelf
<< overtake the £nemy before they ihould give them any trou>-
<^ble^ and gave fuch farther Orders for drawing the Aikiliary
Troops together in the feveral Counties, as he thought fit.
Orders H K gave Lamtirt Order ^ Immediately to follow the King

Scoclaiid.

^and obliging mm to march clofe; not engaging his own
^< Party in any (harp Adtions, without a very notorious advan^
^ tage ^ but to keep himfelf entire till he ihould cpme up ta
^ him. With this Order LMmbert marched away the fame day
the Advertifement came.
uives Cromwell refolv'd then to leave Major General Mmk^

^^nk i» upoQ whom he look'd with molt confidence, as an excellent

" Officer of Foot, and as entirely devoted to him, with a flrong

Pany of Foot, and fome Troops of Horfe, ftrong enough to
fupprels any Forces which fliould rife after his departure, '^ To
^' keep Edenheroughy and the Harbour of Ltith j to furprife
'^ and apprehend as many of the Nobility, and confiderable
^^ Gentry, as he Ihould (ufpedb, and keep them under cuito-
*' dy ; to ufe the highelt feverity againll all who oppofed him ^
^< and, above all, not to endure or permit the Licence of the
^ Preachers in their Pulpits; and to make himfelf as formklar
^< ble as was podible : in the laft place, that, aObon as there
^^ appear'd no vifible force in the Field, he f bould befiege Ster-
^</w; whither molt Perfons of condition were retired with
their Goods of Value, as to a place of fbength. and capable
of being defended ; where the JRecords of the iCingdom. and
many other things of moft account were depoGted ; it being
the place where the King had, for the moft {4rt refided. He
charged him, ** If at S^ Joknfton\ or any other place, he
^ found a iiubborn refiitance, and were forced to fpend much
^ time, or to take it by Storm, that he ihould give no Quar*
** ter, nor exempt it from a gAeral Plunder; aU which Rules
M&mk obferv'd with the utpiolt rigour ; and made himfelf as
terrible as Man could be.
W H G N Cromwell had difpatch'd all thcfc Orders and Dire*

Oions^

OftbeRshellion^ &c. 399

dlions, with marvellous Expedition, and feen moft of them
advanced in fome degree, he begun his own March with the
remainder of his Army, three days after the King wasgone^w4«i/«tfn»«
with a wonderful chear Ailnefi, and aflunmce to the Officers *^« Ky^
and Soldiers, that he (houid obtain ahiUVidtory \aB»glmtd'^l^'^'
over tbofe who fled from him out ofScotumd. *^^'^*

The King had, from the time that he had recover'd any
Authority in Scotlsmd^ granted aCoromiflion to the Duke of
Bmcirngbam^ to raifea Regiment of Horfe which Majjiy was
to command under him, and to raife another Regiment of
Foot. And the E^if/b which (hould refort thither, of which
they expeded great Numbers , were to Lift tbemfelves in
chcic Regiments. And there were fome who had Lifted them-
selves accordin^y ; but the difcipline the Sc$ts had ufed to the
King, and their adhering to their old Principles, even after
cfaey feem'd united for Us Majefty, had kept the King's friends
in Ef^fdntd from repairing to them in ScotUnid, They who
came from HSr&»/ with the King, haddifpofed themfclvesas
is faid before, and there was little doubt but that, aflbon as
the King fliould enter Emgland^ thofe two Regiments would
be immediately fiill. The Ehike of BuckinghMm had loft much
ground f and tne more becaufe the King was not pleafed with
it ) by his having broken off all manner of Friendihip with
Duke Hmmiltan^ and the Earl of LamherdMU (to whom he
had profefled fo much ) and had entered into fo laft a conjun-
dion with the Murquis of ArgjU^ their declared irreconci-
lable £nemy, and adhered fo firmly to him, when he was lefs
dutifiil to the i^ng than he ought to have been. Maffiy had

Et a great Name bv his defending GUcifiet againlt the late
ng, and was lookM upon as a Marm for the Presbyterian
Intereft, and fo very dear to that rarty ; and therefore, at
ibon as chey came within the borders of BMgkmd^ he was
lent with fome Troops before, and was always to march at Mafle/yi«t
leait a day before the Army, to the end that ne might give '• ^^^
notice of the King's coming, and draw the Gentry of the Jf/*" '**
Counties through which he pais'd, to be ready to attend upon ^'^*
his Majefty. Beiides , he had particular acquaintance Jpth
moft di the Presbyterians of Ljmeajhire'y whom no Body Ima-
gined to be of the Sc$u[h temper, or unwilling to unite and joyn
with the Royal Party ^ nor indeed were they.

B u T it was fatal at that time to all Scotifb Armies, to have ^ c^mmit-
alwaysinthem a Committee of Minifters, who ruin'd all;'**'/^^'"
and though there had been now all the care taken that could ^'?) [^'^.
be, to c!KX>re fuch Men for that Service as had the reputation mjfLh^
of being the moft Sober, and Moderate of that whole Body, ri»m w/.
and who had (hcw'd more Aftc&ion, and advanc'd the King's
Service more than the reft^ yet this moderate People no

D d 1 fooner

4.00 The Hi/lory BookXlII.

fooner heard that Maffey was fenc before to call upoii their
Friends, and obferv'd that^ from the encrance into EmgUmdy
thofe about the Kiog feem'd to have lels regard for mi Co-
venant than formerly^ but they fent an Ezpr& to hio), with^
out communicating itintlielcaitdegree with the King, with
Letters, and a Declaration, wherein they required him <^To
'^ publiOi that Declaration, which fignified the Kingl's, and the
<< whole Army's Z^al for the Covenant, and their Refolutioa
^ toprofecute the true intent of it ^ and forbid him ^To re-
^ceive or entertain any Soldiers in his Troops, but thofe
^^ who would fubfaibe that obligation. The King bad foon
notice of this, and loft no time in fending to MaJJij ^Not to
^^ publidi any fuch Declaration, and to behave himfelf with
<( equal civility towards all Men who were forward to ferve
'< his Majefty . But before this inhibition was received, the
matter had taken Air in all places, and was fpread over the
Kingdom ^ all Men fled from their Houfes, or concealed
themfelves , who wifhed the King very well^ and be&des,
his Motion was fo quic|c, that none of them could repair to
him.
Tue EatI of In Lawcaff^ire the E^xlof Diriy met him ; who, aflbon as
Derby met he rcceiv'd his Summons, left the Ifle of Ms». When the
UnMnfire ^^^^ Army came about Warrington in chepme^ they found,
' that there was a Body of the Enemy drawn up in a fair Field,
which did not appear conliderable enough to Itop their march.
Lambert This was Lambert'^ who had made fo much hatte, that he had
foiUm,but that day fallen upon fome of their Troops, and beaten them

tt farced t9 • ^ %* m ». , .» *' -m- i ^ ^

rttire. ^"^o t"^ Army ; but when the Army came up, Lam^rty ac-
cording to his Order and purpofe, retir'd , and being pur-
fued by the King's Horfe with a greater party, made more
hafte than a well ordered retreat requires, but with no conli-
derable lofs. This Succefs made a great noife, as if Lam^rt
had been defeated,
^twar- At Warrington it was thought Counfcllable, very unfor-
riBgton tunately, that the Earl of Derhy^ with the Lord Wfthrington^
'jilrhy^plrtj^^^^^^^^^ Other Officers ofgood Name, IhouW return into
from the ^Cj«F4^j/>f, in ordcf to raife the well aflfeflied in thofe two
Kjng, And u CSInties of Lancajhire and chejhire , who could not come in
fent to Lan- upoti fo.quick a march, as the King had made : and yet it
"/!^r oi^iri ^^^"8 c>ut of the road that CromweU was to follow, who wat
f^wip "^nter'd into T^rk-Jhire^ the remaining of thofe Ferfons there,
forces. was thought a good Expedient to gather a Body of Engi^^
which the King extremely defied : and if they found any
great difficulties, they were to follow the Army. In order to
which, the Earl had a Body of near two hundred Horfe, con-
fiding, for the moft part, of Officerf, and Gentlemen^ which
depriv'd the Army of aftrcngththey wanted^ and was after-

tcrwards.

5

Of the ReheUtotty &c. 401

terwardt- acknowledged to be a Counfel tooi fuddainly eh-
ter'd upon.

Upon appearance of that Body oi ljmtirt\ the whole
Army vras drawn up, and appeared very cheartul. The King
having obferv'd David Lefiy^ throughout the whole niar^ih,
fad and melancholy, and, at that time when the Enemy re-
cir'd, and plainly in a quicker pace than a good Retreat u(ed
to be made, flow in giving Orders, and rctiding by himfelf,
his Majefty rode up to him, and ask'd him, with great alacrity,
^ How he could be fad, when he was in the Head of fo brave
^an Army? (which he faid look'd well that day) and de-
manded of htm, ^How he liked them? To which Dni/zi^DavidLer-
I.^anfwer'd him in his £ar, being at foms diiiance from ley ^Ar'"^'
any other, « That he was melancholly indeed, for he well knew ^«f^"vr
"that Army, how well foever it look'd, would not Fight : '^;^^'"*"'
which the king imputed to the chagrin of his Humour, and ^
gave it no Credit, nor told it to any Man, till fome years a^-
cer, upon another occafion which will be remembered in it's
place, he told the Chancellor of the Exchequer of it.

It was not thought fit to purfiie Laml^rt^ who, being
known to be a Man of Courage and ConduA, and his Troops
to be of the be(t, was fufpeSed, by fo diforderly a Retreat,
to have only defign'd to have drawn the Army another way,
to diibrder and diiturb their march; which they refolv'd to
continue with the fame Expedition they had hitherto ufed,
which was incredible ; until they fliould come to fuch a Poit
as they might fecureiy reft themfeives. And there was an
imagination, that they might have continu'd it even to Lon-
d§m ; which would have produced wonderful Efiecfb. But
they quickly found that to be impollible, and that both Horfe
ancf Foot grew fo weary, that they mull have relt ; The wea-
ther was exceedingly hot; the march having been be^un near
the beginning of Augitfi'^ fothat if they nad not fomc reft
before an Enemy approach'd them, how willing (ocver rhey
might be, they could not be able to Fight.

The R E was a fmali Garrifon in Shrewshury Commanded
by a Gentleman, who, it was thought, might be prevail'd
with to give it up to the King : but his Majefty fending to
hino,.he remrn'd a rude denial : So that his Majelty's Eyes was Th» Ki^''
upon Worcefiir ; that was fo little out of his way to Londeuj ^J^'"'". *'
that the going thither would not much retard the march, ifShrcwsbu-
thcy found the Army able to continue it. Worcefier had al-
ways-been a place very well aftedted in it felf, and moft of the
Gentlemen of that County had been engaged for the King in
the former War, and the City was the laft that had Surrender'd
to the Parliament, of all thoJe which had been Garrifon'd for
his Majefty ^ when all the Works were thrown down, and no

D d 3 Garrifon

:nvai't.

4.01 TheHiftory BookXIII.

Gtrrifon fron> that time had beeo kept there j the SherifiP^
and Juflices, and Committees, having had power enough to
defend it agunft any malignity of the Town, or County; and
^ at this time, all the princ^I Gentry of diat County had been
^r^ef ^^^'d upon, and were now Prifoners there. Thither the King
v^rce^n ^"^^ ^'^^ ^^ Army even affoon as they had heard that he
' was in England : whereupon the Committee, and all thofe
who were imploy'd by the Parliament, fled iti all the confufion
imaginable , leaving their Prifoners behind them, left they
themfelves fliould become Prifoners to them ; and the Gty
open'd their iGates, and received the King^ with all the de-
monftration of AffilAion and Duty that could be expreOed ;
and made fuch provifion for the Army, that it wanted no-
thing it could defire; the Mayor taking care fortheprefent
I^roviGon of Shoes and Sto<^ngs, the wtot whereor, in fo
ong a march, was very apparent and grievous. The prin-
cipal Perfons of the Country found themfelves at h'berrv;
and Thev, and the Mayor and Aldermen, with all the So-
lemnity tney could prepare, attended the Herald, who pro-
B^«M h§ if daim'd the King, as he had done, in more hafte, and with lefs
fncUtmtd. Formality, in all thofe confiderable Towns through which his
Majefty had pafled.

The Army liked their Quarters here fo well, that neither
Officer, nor Soldier was in any degree willing to quit them,
till they (hould be throughly refrefti'd : And it could not be
deny'd that the fatigue had been even infupportable^ never
had fo many hundred Miles been march'd in lo few days, and
with fo little reft ^ nor did it in truth appear reafonable to
any that they (hould remove from thence, fince it was not

Eodible that they (hould be able to reach London^ thou^ it
ad been better prcpar'd for the Kings reception than it ap-
pear'd to be before Cromwell would be there : who, having
with great hafte continued his march in a direft Line^ was now
as near to it as the King's Army was, and Rood only at a
gaxe to be informed what his Majefty meant to do. WorcBfhr
was a very good Poft, feated almoft in the middle of^the
Kii^dom, and in as fruitful a Country as any part of it; a
good City, ferv*d by the noble River of Siverm from all the
adjacent Counties; Jfkles behind it, from whence Levies
might be made of great Numbers of ftout Men : It was a
place where the King's Friends might repair, if they had the
AffeAions they pretended to have ; and it was a place where
he might defend himiel^ if the Enemy would attack him,
with many advantages, and could not be compelled to engage
his Army in a Battle, till Cromwell had gotten Men enough
to encompais him on all (ides : And when the King might
choofe on which fide to Fight, (ince the Enemy mu(t be on

both

1 .

of the Rebellion^ &c. 40 3

iioth fides the River, and could not come fuddainly to relieve
each other, and the ftraimine the King to this degree would
require much time ; in which there might be an opportunity
for feveral Inliirrefiions in the Kingdom, if they were io
weary of the prefent Tyranny, and fo foUicitous to be rellor'd
to the King's Government, as they were conceived to be :
For no Body could ever hope for a more f ecure feafon to roa-
nifiA their Loyalty, than when the King was in the heart of
the Kingdom, with a formed Army of about fifteen thoufand
Men, Horfe, and Foot, (for fo they might be accounted (o
be) with which he might relieve thofe who were in danger
Co be opprefled by a more powerful Party. Thefe confidm-
tions produced the Refolution to provide, in the beft man-
ner, to exped: CrownveU there : ana a hope that he might be '
dela/d by other diverlions : And there was like to be time
enough to caft up fuch Works upon the Hill before the Town,
as might keep the Jlnemy at a diftance, and their own Quur-
ten from being (uddainly fireightenM : All which was recom«-
mended to General Lfjby to take care of, and to cake fiich a
perfedl view of the Ground, that no advantage might be loft
when the time required it.

The firft ill Omen that happen'd, was the News of xbtTUiBfitc
defeat of the Earl of Derty^ and the total deftruOion of cbo& ''f' ^f *^*
gallant Perfons who accompanied him. The £arl of I>hrty ^^^
widun two or three days after he had ]A the Kiiig^ with a
Body of near two hunclred Horfe, all gatlant Men, imploy'd
his Servants, and Tenants, to give the Country notice of nis
flaying behind the King, to Hesul and Command thofe Perfons
who Inould repair to his fervice; which the quick inarch his
Majefty made through the Country would not permit them
to do. In expedation of a good appearance of the People, he
went to a little Market Town, call'd JVigam in Ijmcajhirt^
where he (laid that Night; when in the Morning a Regi-
ment or two of the Militia of the Neighbour Counties, and
ibme other Troops of the Army, Commanded .by a Man of
Courage, whom Cromweil had fent to follow in the track of
the Kin^s march to gather up the Straglers, and fuch as were
not able to keep pace with the Army, having receiv'd fomc
Advertifement that a Troop of the King's Horfe were behind
the Army in that Town, tell very early into it, before the
Perfons in the Town were out of their Beds, having afliirance,
upon all the enquiry they could make, that there was no Ene-
my near them. Nor indeed was there any fufpicion of thofe
Forces, which confifted of the feveral Troops of the feveral
Counties with others of the Army, and pafled that way by
accident. As many as could get to their Horfes, prefently
Mounted^ they who could not, put themfelves tether oa

put tn
Dd4

Foot,

4-04 The H'tftmy Book XIII.

Foot, and all endeavour 'd to keep the Enemy from en tring into
the Town ; and the few who were got on Horfeback, Charg'd
them with great ' Courage. Bu& the Nusiberdf the finemy
was too grcae, and the 1 own too open, to put a (lop to them
in any one place, when they could enter at fo many^ • and
ehcompafs thofe who oppofed them. The Earl of JHrby^ afbcr
his Horfe had been kill'd under him^ n^ade a (hift to mount
again ; and fo, with a fmall Parry of Horfe, through many
difficulties and dangers , efcaped wounded tq the King to
Worcefier.
Thi lord T H £ Lord IVabrmgton^ after he had receiv'd many woundc,
withring. and given as many, and merited his death by the vengeance

^^Jihf *® ^^^^ "P^'^ ^^*^^^ ^^^ aflauited him, was kill'd upon the
^Uce» ' pl^ce ; and fo was S»- Thpmas Ttldeflej^ and many other ^*
lant Gentlehien, very few efcaping to carry News of the de-
ieat. ^^WMiMmThrogmnrton^ who had beeti formerly Major
Gendral of the Marquis of Nevi-Cafile'^ Army, and was left
to Command in the fame fundiion, receiv'd fo.many wounds,
that he was look'd upon as dead, and not fit to be carried
away with the Prifoners : and fo fell into fiich charitable ^nd
generous hands in the Town, that being believ'd to be dead,
he was afterwards fo wellrecover'd, though with great Matmes
and lofs of Blood, that he at laft got hinSelf Tranfborted into
HflUnd'^ where he was, at firft appearance, takenrbraGhol^
all Men believing^him to have been buried long before.
Moft of thofe who ^ere taken Prifoners, of any Quality,
were afterwards Sacrificed as a fpedtacle to the People, .and
BarbarouHy put to death in feveral places ; fome, with the
Earl g( DerSy^y and others, near the fame time, in other
places.
ii^e Lord T H E Lord Witbrtngton was one of the moft goodly Per-
^'?'i?^' ^^^^ o^ ^^^^ Age, being near the head higher than moft tall
TJser ^^^ ' ^"^ ^ Gentleman of the bell and moft ancient Extra-
ction, of the County of Northumherlandy and of a very fair
Fortune, and one of the four which the lail King made choice
of to be about the Perfon of his Son the Prince as Gentleman
of his Privy Chamber, when he firft fettled his Family. His
Affedlion to the King was always remarkable; and ferving in
the Houfe of Commons as Knight of the Shire for the County
of N9rtbiimheriandy he quickly got the reputation of being
amongft the moft Malignant. Adbon as the War broke cur,
he was of the firft who raifcd both Horfe and Foot at his own
Charge, and ferv'd eminently with them under the Marquis
of New-Cafiie-y with whom he had a very particular and en-
tire JbViendlhi p. He was veiy nearly allied to the Marquis;
and by his Teftimony that he had performed many fignal
Servicer, he was, about the middle of the War, made a Ecer

of

Of the Rehettiofiy &c. 4oy

o£ the Kingdom. He was a Man of great Courage, but of fome
Paffion, by which he incurr'd the ill Will of many, who im-
puted ic to an infolence of Nature, which no Maxi was far-
ther from ; no Man of a Nature more civil, and candid to-
wards all, inbuiinefs, or converiation. But having fare long
in the Houfe of Commons, and obfeiVd die difin^enuicy of
the proceedings there, and the grofs cheats, by which they
deceiv'd and couien'd the People, he had contraded fo hearty
aii indignation againft them, and all who were coulen'd by
them, and againlt allwho had not his Zeal rooppofe and de-
ftroy them, that he often faid things to (low and flegmatick
Men. which oficmied them, and, it may be, injured them ;
which his good nature often obliged him to acknowledge,
and ask Pardon of thofe who would not queftion him for it.
He Tranfportcfd himfelf into the parrs beyond the Sea at the
lame time with me Marquis of Ninv-cafiky to accompany
him, and remained (till with him till the King went into Scvt-
land'y and then waited upon his Mvijefty, and endured riie
fame Afironts which others did, during the time of his Refi-
dence there. And, it may be, the oblervation of their beha-^
viour, the knowledge of their Principles, and the difdain of
their Treatment, produced that averiion from their Conver-
iation, that prevailed upon his impatience to part too foon
from their Company, m hope that the Karl of Dtrlfy^ under
whom he was very willing to ferve, and he himfelf, might
quickly draw togetner fuch a Body of the Royal Party, as
might give fome check to the unbounded imaginations of that
Nation. It was reported by the Enemy, that, in refpedt of
his brave Peribn and behaviour, they did ofier him Quarter 9
Driiich he refufed 3 and that they were thereby compeTl'd, in
their own defence, to kill him; which is probable enough;
for he knew well the AnimoGty the Parliament had againit
him, and it cannot be doubted but that, if he had fallen into
their hands, they would not have ufed him better than they
did the Earl of D^r^; who had not more Enemies.

S I R Hamas Tildeflej was a Gentleman of a good Family, .A%i Sir
and a good Fortune, who had raiicd Men at his own Charge Thomas ^
at the beginning of the War, and had ferv'd in the Command Tiideacy'/,
of them till the very end of it, with great Courage; and re-
fiifing to make any Coropofition afrcr the Murder of the King,
he found means to Tranlport himfelf into Ireland to the Mar>
quis of Or»900^; with whom heftay'd, till he was, wirh the
reftof the£«fZ^ Officers, difmifled, to fatisfy the barbarou.^
Jealoufy of the Irifh-^ and then got over into Scotland a little
before the King marched from thence, and was defir'd by the
Earl oUBtrby to remain with him. The Names of the other
Perfons of C^icy who were kill'd in that Encounter, and diolc

who

4o6 The Hlftory Book XIII,

who were taken Prironers, and afterwards put to death, ought
to be dUcover'd, and mencion'd honourably, by any who Qiall
propofe to himfelf to communicate particularly thofe Tranf-
adbions to the view of Pofterity^

When the News of this Uefeat came to WorcBjjier^ as it
<Ud even alroolt aflbon as the King came thither^ it exceed*
ingly afRidted his Majefty, and abated much of the hope he
had of a general Rifing of the People on his behalf. His Army
was very lictle increatod by the acce(s of any .Enil^h ; and
though he had pafled near the habitation of many Perfons cf
Honour and QiaUcy, whofe Afie&iona and Loy^ty had been
eminent, not a Man of them repair'd tohhn. The fenle of
their former fufierings remain'd, and the fmart was not over ;
aor did his (tay in Wfctfter for fo many days add any reforc
to his Court. The Gendemen of the Country whom his com*
ing thither had redeem'd from Imprifonment , remained ftill
with him, and were ufefiil to him ; they who were in their
Houfes in the Country , though as well afiedted, remained
there, and came not to him ; and though Letters from Ljm^
thm had eiven him caufe to believe that many prepared to
come to him, which for fome days they m\aot eauly have
done, none appear'd, except only fome few (jentlemen, and
fome common Men who had formerly ferv'd the laft King,
and repaired again to Worcefier.
Tr£»fa^hns Th£re werc fome other Accidents and Oblervationa
«/r^'<f /Cj»j which adminifter'd matter of Mortification to the King. The
^ worce- Duke of Bucitngbsm had a mind very refUeis, and thought
^^' he had not Credit enough with the King if it were not made
manifeftthat he had more than any Body elfe : And therefore,
aSbon as the King had enter'd E^gUnd^ though he had reafon
to believe that his Majeily had not been abundandy fatisfied
with his behaviour in Scotiandj he came to the King, and told
him, << The bufinefs was now to reduce E^gUnd to his Obe-
^ dieace ; and therefore he ought to do all things gracious, and
^^ popular in the Eyes c^ the Nation ;. and nothing could be
^' lete fo, than that the Army ibould be under the Command
^ of a Scotiflj General': That David Ufiey was only Lieutenant
'^ General ^ and it had been unreafonable, whilit he remained
<^ in Scotland^ to have put any other to have Commanded over
^^ him ; but that it would be as unreafonable, now they were
^^ in Emg/oMdy and had hope to increafe the Army by the ac-
^^cefs of the Effg^i/bj upon whom his principal dependence
<^ mail be, to cxpeBt that they would be willing to ferve un-
^ dcr Lefliy : That it would not conflft with the Honour of any
<' Peer of EMgismd to receive his Orders ; and, he believ'd,
^' that very few of that Rank would repair to his Majefty till
^^ they were iecure from that apprehcnfion j and uied much

more

Of the ReheUion^ &c. 407

more difcourfe to that purpofe. The King was To much fur-
prifed with it, that he could not imagine what he meant, and
what the end of it would be; and asked him, ^ Who it was
^ that he thought fit his Majelty fliould give that Command
« to ? when, to his aftonifhment, the Duke told him, « He
•* hoped his Majefty would confer it upon himfclf. At which
the Ring was fo amazed, that he found an occafion to break
off' the difcourfe, by calling upon fome Body who was near,
to come to him; and, by asking many queftions declined
the former Argument. The Duke would not be fo put off";
bu^ the next day, in the march, renew'd his Importunity ;
ancl told the King, ^ That, he was confident, what he had
** propofed to him, was fo evidently for his Service, that Da-
^vid Le/fy himfelf would willingly confent to it. The King
angry at his profecuting it in that manner, told him, << He could
'* hardly believe that he was in earneft, or that he could in
« truth believe that he could be fit for fuch a Charge ; which
the Dukefeem'd to wonder at, and asked, "Wherein his un-
** fitnefs lay j To which the King replied, " That he was too
"young : And he as readily alledged, "That Harry the Fourth
^ofPrifir^ Commanded an Army, and won a Battle, when
*^he was vounger than He: fo that, in the end, the King was
compeirdto tell him, ^' That he would have noGcneraliff.mo
" buthimlelf: upon which the Duke was fo difcontcntcd, that
he Came no more to the Council, fcarce fpoke to the King,
negleded every Body elfe and himfclf, infomuch as for many
days he fcarce put on clean Linen, nor converfed with any
Body-} nor did he recover this ill humour whilfi: the Army
ftay^d at W^reefter.

A HER £ was another worfe Accident fell out foon after the
KingS coming thither; Major General Majfey^ who thought
faimielf now in his own Territory, and that all between
Worcefitr and Glocefler would be quickly his own Conqudi-,
knowing every ftep both by Land and the River, went out
with a raty to fecure a Pafs, which the Enemy might make
over the River ; which he did very well ; but would then
make a farther in-road into the Country, and poHefs a Houfc
which was of fmall importance, and in which there were Men
to defend it ; where he receiv'd a very dangerous Wound, J^^'^^J^/.'
that tore his Arm, and Hand, in fuch manner that he was in „/„;,2i //»
great torment, and could not itir out of his Bed, in a ixvao an attempt.
when his Adtivity and Indultry was moft wanted. By this
means, the Pafs he had fccured, was either totally neglected,
or not enough taken care of.

There was no good underftanding between the Officers v^e in difp*-
of the Army : David Lefl9y appeared di^irited, and confound-/'"";/ '**«
cdj gave, and revoked ma Orders, and fomctipacs contra- >^f ' ^/'

diftcd

4o8 TheHiftory BookXIII.

dided them. He did not love MiJdleton^ and was very jea-
lous chat all the Officers lov'd him too weU^ who was indeed
an excellent Officer, and kept up the Spirits of the reft, who
had no eiteem of t^Jley. In this very unl\appy diftemper was
the Court, and the Army, in a Seafon when they were ready
to be fwallow'd by the power, and multitude of the Enemy,
and when nothing could preferve them^ but the moft fincere
Unity in their prayers to God, and a jovnt concurrence in
their Counfels and Endeavours; in all wnich they were mi-
ferably divided.

The King had been feveral days in Worcefier^ when Cr9m*
ijell was known to be within lefs than half a day's march,
with an addition of very many Regiments of Hor(c and Foot
to thofe which he had brought widb him from Sept land '^ and
many other Regiments were drawing towards him of the Mi-
litia of the feveral Counties, under the command of the prin-
cipal Gentlemen of their party in the Countries : fo thatfae
was alrea4y very much fuperior, if not double in Number to
the Army the King had with him. However, if thofe Rules
had been obferv'd, thofe Works caft up, and that order in
quartering their Men, as were refolv'd upon when the King
came thidier, there muft have been a good defence made, and
the Advantages of the ground, the River, and the.City, would
have preferv^ them from being prefently overrun. But, alas !
the Army was in amazement and conft^tion. cramweB^ with-
out troubling himfelf with the formality of a Siege, march'd
^^if* diredWy on as to a Prey, and poflefs'd tne Hill and all other
^one^cr P^^ces of Advantage, with very little oppofition. Ic was upon
^d f/sep. the third of Seftunher^ when the King having been upon hi9
cember. Horfe moft part of the Night, and having taken a full view
of the Enemy, and every body being upon the Foil they were
appointed, and the Enemy making fuch a ftand, that it was
concluded he meant to make no attempt then,and if he Ihould,
he might be repelled with eafe; his Majefty, a little before
Noon, retired to his Lodging to eat, and refrefh himfelf :
where he had not been near an hour, when the Alarm came,
« That both Armies were engaged j and though his Majefty's
own Horfe was ready at the door, and he prefently mount-
ed, before or aflbon as he came out of the City, he met the
whole Body of his Horfe running in fo great diforder, that
he could not (top them, though he ufed all the means he could
and called to many Officers by their Names ; and hardly pre-
ferv'd himfelf, by letting them pafs by, from being overthrown,
and overrun by them.

Cromwell had ufed none of the delay, nor circumfpe-
dtion which was imagin'd j but diredied the Troops to fall on
ii\ all places at once ^ and had caufed a ftrong Party to go

over

i^

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 4J09

onrer the River at the Pars, which MafFey had formerly fecu-
red,at a gooddiftance from the Town. And that being nor at all
guaidcd, they were never known to he on that Gde the River
till they were even ready to charge the Kin[''s Troops. On
that palit where MiddUten was, and with whom Duke Hamil-
IM charged, there was a very brave refiitancc; and they char-
ged the £nemy (b vigoroufly, that they beat the Body that
charged them back, but they were quickly overpowered j and
many Gentlemen being kiird, and MUdietonhur, and Duke
Hamilton s Lee broke with a Shot, the reft were torccd to re-
tire and iliift for themfeives. In no other part was there rc-
iiftance made ; but fuch a general conltemation pofTedcd the
whoJe Army, that the reltof the Horfe fled, and all the Foot
threw down their Arms before ihey were charged. When
the King came back into the Town, he found a good Body of
fiorfc, which had been perfwaded to make a Itand, though
much the major part paued through upon the Spur. The
Kingdefired thofe who Itaid, <<That they would follow him^
<^that they might lode upon the £nemy , who, he believ'd^
^ did not purfue them. But. when his Majefty had gone a lit-
tle way, he found moft of the Horfe were gone the other way,
and that he had none but a few Servants of his own about
him. Then he fent to have the Gates of the Town fliur,
that none might get in one way, nor out the other : but all
was confufion ^ there were few to Command, and none to
obey : fo that the King fhiid, till very many of the Enemy's
Horfe were enter'd the Town, and then he was perfwaded to
withdraw himfelf.

Duke Hamilton fell into the Enemy's hands ^ and , the Duks Ha-
nexD day, died of his Wounds j and thereby prevented the miltpn dUA
being made aSpedtacle, as his Brother had been; which the J^^*JJ^^
Pride and Animofity of his Enemies would no doubt have**"" ''
xiaufed to be, having the fame pretence for it by his being a
Peer of Engiamdy as the other was. He was in all refpedts to ffychnrd'
be much preferred before the other , a much wifer, though, (fer.
ic may be, alefs cunning Man : for he did not aSedifc diflimu-
Jation, which was the other's Mafter-peice. He had unquc-
fiionable courage : he was in truth a very accompliih'd Fer-
fon, of an excellent Judgment , and clear and ready Expref-
fions : and though he had been driven into fbme unwarrant-
able Actions, he made it very evident he had not been led by
any inclinations of his own, and paflionately and heartily run
to all opportunities of redeeming it : and, in the very Article
of bis death, he exprefled a marvellous chearfulnefs, " That
" he had the honour to lofe his life in the King's Service, and
*^ thereby to wipe out the memory of his former tranfgrefli-
"ons : which he always profeflcd were odious to.himfelf.

As

4-lx Thetiiftory Book XIII.

ftruments of repairing and reftoring it. He was a Man of
greac Honour and dear Courage ; and all his defeds, and
misfortunes, proceeded from his having hv'd fo little time
among his Equals, that he knew not how to treat his Inferiors j
which was the Source of all the ill that befel him , having
thereby drawn fuch prejudice ag^inll him Irom Perfons of in-
ferior Quality, who yet thought themfelv^ too good to be
' contemned , that they purfued him to death. The King's
Army was no fooner defeated at Wbrcefter^ but the Parliament
renew'd their old Method of Murdering in cold Bloody and
fent a Commiflion to ered: a High Court of luftice to Per-
fons of ordinary Quality, many not being Gentlemen and all
notorioufly his Enemies, to Try the ^rl of Derhy for his
Treafon and Rebellion^ which they eaiily found him guilty
of ^ and put him to death in a Town of his own, againit whicn
he had exprefled a fevere difpleafure for their obftinate Re-
bellion againft the King, with all the circumftances of Rude-
nefs and Barbarity they could invent. The &me Night, one
of thofe who was amonglt his Judges, fent a Trumpet to the
Ifle of Msn with a Letter diredted to the Countefs of Deriy^
by which he required her <^ To deliver up the Caftle and Ifland
<^to the Parliament: Nor did their Malice abate, till they
had reduced that Lady, a Woman of very high and Princely
Extra&ion, being the Daughter of the Duke de 7yemouiB§ in
'France^ and of the mofl: exemplary Virtue and. Piety of her
time, and that whole mofl noble Family, to the loweft pe-
nury and want, by difpoGng, giving, and fellings all the For-
tune and Eltate that ihouki fupport it.

T H £ Y of the King's Friends in Flsnders^ France^ and Fbi-
landj who had not been permitted to attend upon his Majefty
in Scotland^ were much exalted with the News of his being
enter'd England with a Powerfiil Army, and being poi!e(Ied
of Worcefiery which made all Men prepare to make hafte thi-
ther. But they were confounded with the News of that fatal
day, and more confounded with the various reports of the
Perfon of the King, ^ Of his being found amon^ the dead;
'- of his being Prifoner ; and all thofe imaginations which na>-
turally attend upon fuch unprofperous Events. Many who
had made efcapes, arriv'd every day in France, Flanders^ and
HoUandy but knew no more what was become of the King,
than They did who had not been in England. The only com-
fort that any of them brought, was, that he was amongft
thofe that fled, and fome of them had feen him that Evening
after the Battle, many Miles out of fVorafier. Thefe un--
fteady degrees of hope and fear tormented them very long ;
fometimes they heard he was at the Hague with his Sifter,
which was occafion'd by the arrival of the D^^QiBuiltrng'^

ham

Cfthe ReheUion, &c. 413

bmm in lUBmtdj and it was thought good Policy to publifh
that the King himfelf was landed, that the Search after him
in Bi»giMmd might be difcontinued. But it was quickly known
that he was not there, nor in any place on that Gde ot the Sea.
And this anxiety of mind difquieced the hearts of all Honcft
Men during the whole Months of September and OHoter^ and
part of N9vemier^ in which Month his Majeily was kaovrn r,jeK'H
to be at R0£m ^ where he made himfeU known, and ftay'd fome ^^^^ '•
days to provide Qoaths^ and from thence gave notice to thc^*"" '"
Queen of his arrival.i . °^*^"' '

It is great pity that there was never a Journal made ofihe purti.w
that Miraculous Deliverance, in which there might be feen '^^7 '^''"f
fo many vifible imprdlions of the immediate Hand of God. jl^'f^J '£
When the darknefe of the Night was over, after the King had Jnthor ha
caft himfelf into that Wood, he dilcern'd another Man, n/hofhemfrtm
had gotten upon an Oak in the fame Wood, near die place''"' ^**s
where the King had refted himfelf, and had Hept foundly. ^'"'^''^-
The Man upon the Tree had firft feen the King, and knew
him, and came down to him, and was known to the King^
being a Gendeman of the neighbour Cbunur of S$^&rd^h'srej
who had ferv'd his late Maje^ during the War^ and had now
been one of the few who reforted to the King after his coming
to Wsmftw, His name was Oinlefs^ who had had a Com-'i^^ Ki"S
mand of Foot, about the degree ofa Captain, under the Lord '»«''5*f-
lj9iigUor§ugh. He perfwaded the King, fince it could not bc^]^|'^' ^^^^
lafe for him to go out of the Wood, and that aflbon, as it ^99^, »/;*
ibould be ftiUy light, the Wood it feif would probably ht f^rfwAdef
vifited by thofe of the Country, who would be fcarching to""»/*^*'
find thofe whom they might make Prifoners, that h; would ^l""' '^
get up into that Tree, where He had been ; where the Boughs
were fo thick with leaves, that a Man would not be difcover'd
there without a narrower Enquiry than People ufually make
in places which they do not fufpcd. The King, thought it
good Counfel ; and. widi the others help, dimb'd into the
Tree ; and, then helped his Companion to afcend after him ;
where they (at all that day, and fecurely (aw Many who came
purpofely into the Wood to look after them, and heard all
their dilcourfe, how they would ufe the King himfelf if they
could take him. This Wood was either in, or upon the Bor.
deis of Stsfford-Jbire^ and though there was a High- way near
one fide otit, where the King nad entered into ir, yet it was.
krgic, and all other fides of it open'd amonglt Inclofures, and.
CMreUfi was not unacquainted with the Neighbour Villages,
and it was prt of the King's good Fortune, that this Gentle**
man by being a Roman Catholick, was acquainted with thofe
of that Profeffion of all degrees, who had the belt opportu-
nities of concealing him: for it mult never be denied, that
Vol. III. Pan. X. E e fome

4.T4- Themftory Book XIII.

fome of that Religion had a very grcfet (litre in his Majefty's
prcfervation.

T H E day beihgfpcnt in the Tree^ it ^as not in the King's
power to forget that he had liVd two Days with eating very
little, and two Nights with as little fleep j fo that^ when the
Night came, he was willing to make fome proyifion for both :
and he refolv'd with the advice and aflUtance of his Compa-
nion, to leave his Wefled Tree,- and, when the Night was
dark, they walked through thfc Wood into thofe Inclofurcs
which were farthelt from any High-way, and making a (hiiftf
toget'over Hed&es and Ditches, after walking at leaft eight
or nine NJiles, ^ith were the more g^iev6us to the Kingb^
the weight of his Boots (for he could not put riiem oflij
when he cut off' his .hfiiif ftfr want ofiShoes) before Mom-
T^y^te he jnff they came to a poor Cottage, the owner whereof being
cZlgl tint ^ Roman Catholick was known to Carele/i. He was call'd
rniies of, up^ aftd afloon as he knew oneof them, he eafily concluded
where he taj in what toodition they both wierej' and prefendy carried them
ma Barn. ^^^ ^ Kttlc Barn, fcill '^of Hay; which was « better lodging
than he hkdfor hifcfeM;- But when they W^ife. there^ and had
conferred with their A6(i: of tfie ne^^ and teftper of the Coun-
.try, it was agreed, that the'dfengct; would be the greater if
they fta/d together; and therefore that cviriffc^ Ihould prc-
fently be gone ; and (hould within two "days, fiiid an* horicQ:
Man to the King, to guide him to fome other place of feca-
rity; and in the mean time his Majefty ilioiild ftay upon the
Hay-mow. The poor Man" had nothiM for hirii to eat, but
ptomifed him good Butter-milk ; and fo he was once more
left alone, his Companion, how' weary foever, departing from
him before day, the poor Man of the Houfe knowmg no more,
than that he was a triend of the Cap*^ain's, and one of tho(b
who had efcaped from Worcefitr. The King flept very well
in his lodging, till the time that his Ho(t brought him apiece
of Bread, and a great Pot of Butter-milk, which he thought
the beft food he ever had eaten. The poor Man fpoke very
intelligently to hinii of the Country, and of the People who
were' well or ill affcdcd to the King, and. of the great fear,
and terror, that poflefled the hearts of thofe who were beffc
affefted. He told him, *« That he himfelf liv'd by his daUy
** Labour, and that what he had brought him was the Fare he
"and his Wife had; and that he fcar'd, if he fhould endea-
"vour to procure better, it' might draw fufpicion upon him,
*^ and People might' be apt to think he had fome Body with
^ him that was not of his own Family. However, if he would
" have him get fome Meat, he would do 'n ; but tf he could
^^ bear this hard Diet, he iJibuld have enough of the Milk, and
'' fome of the Burter that was made with it. The King was

fatisfied

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 41 y

fatisfied with his rcafon, and would noc run the hazard for a
change of Diet ; deftr'd only the Man, ^ That he might have
^' his Company as often, and as much as he could give it him ;
there being the fame reafon againft the poor Man's difconti-
nuing his Labour, as the alteration of his Fare.

After he had relted upon this Hay-mow, and fed upon
this Diet two days and two nights, in the evening before the
third night, another Fellow, a little above the condition of his
Hoft, came to the Houfe, fent from Cartiefs^ to condufl: the ^'^^f ''^ *»
King to another Houfe, more out of any Road near which ^^^^^ '*
any part of the Army was like to march. It was above twelve H^l/^'ia
Mues that he was to go, and was to ufe the iamc caution he mtUs •ffi
bad done the firft Ni^t, not to go in any Common Road ^
which his Guide knew well how to avoid. Here he new
drefled himfelf, changing Qoaths with his Landlord y he had
a great mind to have kept his own Shirt, but be confider'd,
that Men are not fooner difcover'd by any mark in dii^ifes,
than by having fine Linen in ill Cloaths; and fb he parted
with his Shirt too, and took the larae his poor Hoit had then
on. Though he had fbrefeen that he mult leave his Boots,
and his Landlord had taken the belt care he could to provide
an old pair of Shoes, yet they were not eafjr to him when
he firft put them on, and, in a ihort time after, grew very

K'evous to him. In this Equipage he fet out from his firit
dging in the beginning of the Night, under the condudl of
this Guide ^ who guided him the neareft way, crc^ing over
Hedges anid Ditches, that they might be in leaft danger of
meeting Paflengers. This was fo grievous a march, and he
was fo tired, that he was even ready to delpair, and to prefer
being taken and fuflfer'd to reft, before purcbafing his Safety
at that price. His Shoes hadj after a few Miles, hurt him
fo much, that he had thrown them away, and walked the
reft of the way in his ill Stockings, which were quickly worn
t>ut^ and his Feet, with the Thorns in getting over Hedges,
and with the Stones in other places, were (b hurt and wound-
ed, that he many times cAft nimfelf upon the ground, with a
defperace and obitinate Rcfolution to reft there till the Morn-
ing, that he might (hifc with lefs torment, what hazard ibever
he run. But his ftout Guide ftill prevaird with him to make
a. new attempt, fometimcs promifing that the way (hould be
better, and fometimes aftiiring him that he had but little far-
ther to go : and in this diftrefs and perplexity, before the
Morning, they arrived at the Houfe defign'd j which though
It was better than that which he had left, his Lodging was
ftill in the Barn, upon Straw inftead of Hay, a place being
made as eafy in it, as the expedlation of a Gucft could difpofe
it. Here be had fuch Meat and Porridge as fuch People ufe

E e ^ to

4.16 Themftwf BookXIII.

to have^ with which, but dpechlUy with the Batter and the
Cheefey he thouejlit himfelf well fetfled ; and took the beft
care he ooiild to be fiippiied with other, little better. Shoes
and Stockings : and after his Feet were enoi^ recovered that
Ttfmce f A- he could go, he was condodted fixmi dience to another poor
H9ther ; 4ii^ Houfe^ Within fuch a diftance as put him not to much trou-
f^f^tUirt. big. for having not yet in his diought which way, or bf
what means to make his efcape^ ail that was deGgn'd was anij
bf ihifring from one-Houfe to another, to avmd difoover/.
Aad being now in that Qiartcr which was more inhabited
by the Roman Catholicks than moft other parts in Esffawl,
he was led from one to another of thatJPertwafion, and con-
cealed with great Fid^ty. But he then ofaferv'd that he was
nerer carried to any Gentleman's Houfi5,thoi]^ that Country
was fiiii of them, but only to poor Houfes of poor Men,
which only yielded him sot with very unpleaiant fiiftenance;
whether there was more danger in thofe better Houfes, in
r^anl of the refor^ and tte many Sert^ancs; or whether the
Owners of great EOates, were the Owners iikewife of more
fears and apprehenfions^
Mr }!uJle- WiTBiNfew days a Very houeft and difcreet Pdfou, one
tionfeiuf Mrihidl^l&kej aBenedidine' Monk, who attended the Ser-
^<m ^ vioeof the Roman Catholicks in thofe iMrts, came to him,
^r!t»U/if ^^^ ^ Canhff^ and was a very great aliiftaiice and oomfait
htm ca ike to hasxL And when the places to which he carried him, were
uriv/ii' at coo great a diflatncefo walk, he provided him a Horfe, and
'^-'^^' more proper Habit than the Rags he wore. Tins Man coki
him,^ Thar the Lord Wihmt hy conoealM Iikewife in a Friend's
^ Houfe of his^ which his Majefty was very glad of; and
^ wtflied him to contrive (bcpe means, how they might foeak
<< tc^ether; whidi the other eafily did; and, widiin a Nig^t
or two, brought them into one place. WUmot cold die iui^
^ That he had bv very good Fortune, fallen into the Honfe
^of an boneft Gentlianan, one Mr Ldme^ a Ferfbn of an ex-
<< cellent Reputation for his Fidelity to the Ki% but of fo
<^ univerfai and general a good Name, that, thouglh pe had a Son,
^- who had been a Colonel in the Kii^s Service^ dmiag the

^ iate War, and was then upon his way with l^fcn to W%f^
^ ctgtr the very day of die defeat. Men of all ABfeffions in the
^C!ountfy, and of all Opinions, paid the oU Man a veqrgpfeat
^^re^ed: that he had been very civilly treated diere^ and
^ that the oM Gentleman had ufedibmediligenoeto find out
^where the King was, that he might gee him to his Houfe;
'< where, he was fiire, he Gouid conceal him dll he mig^
^contrive a fiill deliveranoe. He toM him, ^ He had wm-
^drawn from that Houfe, in hope that he migjht^ in feme
^' other place, difcover where his Majefty was, and having now

^ ittj^iiy

Of the ReheUion^ 6cc. 4.17

^happdySamd bim ^ adviiied him to repair to that Houfe
^ which flood not Dear ainr other.

Ths King enquired of the Monk of the reputation di thi«
Gentleman; who told hiai» <<That he had aftiirEitate; was
<< eiceedingiv bdov'd ; and tbedddt Jnftice of Peace of that
^^County ot Suffhnli and though he was a very zealMPS
^ Proceiant^ yet he liv'd with fb much civility and candour
^towards the Catholicki^ that they would all truft him, as
^ much as they would do any. of their own Profeflion; and
^thathecooUnotthinkofany (rilaceof.fo good repofe and fe-
tt Otfity for his MqeOy's repair to. The Kin| liked the Pro-
pofitiony yec dioi^ not he. to furprifethe Gentleman; but
lentliMwif thither again, toafliirehimfelfthac be mig^ be
recdv'd there; and was willing that he fhould know what
Gueftte recdv'd; whkdi hitherto was fo much concealed,
that noneof the Houfes where be had yet been, knew, or
feem'd to fiilpedt more than that he was one of the King's
Party thatfled from ffkrcfjler. The Monk carried htm to a
Houfe aca reafixiahlediftance, where he was to expeA an Ac-
count from the Lord lii/m^ty who retum'd very pundtually,
with as much afliirance of welloomeas hecould wifli. And
fo they two went together to Mr JL4»r's Houfe; where the n-e Ki»g
King found he was wdlcome, and conveniently accommo-^>«>iS"'^
dated in fiich places, as in a large Houfe had been provided '^^^'^^,^
CO conceal the Perfons of Maligpants, or to prefeive goods of ^r^^
value from bdng plunder'd. Here he lodrd, and eat very
well,; and begun to hope that he was in prmnc fafety. WtU
mtat retum'd under the care of the Monk, and expected Sum-
mons, when any farcher motion ibould be thought to be ne-
ceffiry.

I N this flation the King remain'd in quiet and biefled fc-
corsnf many day^ receiving every day information of the ge-
neral conuemation the Kingdom was in, out of the appre-
henfictathat his Peribn might fall into the hands of his Ene-
mies, and of the great diligence they ufed to enquire for him.
He few the Proclamation that was ifliied out and printed ;
in which a Thoufend pounds were promifed to any Man who
would deliver and difcover the Perion of ctarks Stmsrty and
the penalty of High Treafoo declared againft thofe who pre*
fum d to harbour or conceal him : By which he few how
mudi he was beholding to all thofe who were faithful to him.
It was now time to confkier how he might get near the Sea,
from whence he might find fome means to Tranfport him-
felf : And he was now near the middle of the Kingdom, feving .
that it was a little inore Northward, where he was utterly
unacQuainted with all the Ports, and with that Coait. In
the Weft he was belt acquainted, and that Coait was xzoLi

E e 3 proper

4i8 The Hiftory Book XIII.

proper to Tranrport him into Wrmu9*^ to which he was inclin'd.
Ujpon chis matter he Communicated with thofe of this Fa-
mily to whom he was known, diat is, with the old Gentle^
man the Father, a very grave and venerable Perfon, the Co-
lonel hi& EldeltSon, a.veiv plainMan in his difcourfe and
behaviour, but of a fearlefi Courage, and an Integrity (iiperior
to any temptation, and a Daughter of the Houle, of ^ verv
%ooA Wit and Oifcretion, and very fit to bear any part infucn
a Truft. It was a benefit, as well as an inconvenience, in
thofe unhappy times, that the. Aflfe&ions of all Men were al-
snoft as weti Known as their Faces, by the difirovery they had
made of themfelves, in thofe fad ScEifons, in many Trials atid
Perfecudons : So that Men knew not only the Minds of their
next Neighbours, and thofe who inhabited near thetn, bur,
upon conference with their Friends, could choofe fit Houfes,
at any diftance, to repofe themfelves in fecurity, from one
end of the Kingdom to another, without trufting the Hofpita-
lity of a Common Inn : And Men were very rarely deceiv'd
in their confidence upon iiich occations, but th6 Perfons with
whom they were at any time, could condu^ them to another
fjoufe of the fame Affedion.

Mr £««ji#had a Niece, or very near Kinfwoman, who was
Married to a Gentleman, one iJb Nertonj a Perfon of eight or
nine hundred pounds per snnum^ who liv^d within four or
five Miles of Brifiol^ which was at leaftfour or five days jour?
ney from the place where the (Cing then was, but a place moft
to be wifh'd for the King to be in, bccaufe he did not only
know all that Country very well, but knew many Perfons
alfo, to whom, in an extraordinary Cafe, he durit make him-
Here it was fclf knowri. It was hereupon refolv'd, thatM" Lane fhould
Kr/<i/x/*df the y jgj. tjjjg Coufin, who was known to be of good aflfeSions ;
2t7oMr ^"d ^^^^ fl^e fliould rule behind the Kingj who was fitted
Norton ; with Cloaths and Boots for fuch a Service j and that a Serr
riding before vant of her Father's, in his Livery, ihould wait upon her. A
Uri Lane. gQ^^^ Houfe was eafily pitched upon for the firit night's Lodg-
ing; where Wtlmot hao notice given him to rneer. And in this
Equipage the King begun his journey ; the Colonel keeping
him Company at a diitance, with a Hawk upon his Fift, and
two or three Spaniels j which, where there were any Fields
at hand, warranted him to ride out of the way, keeping his
Corrpany flillin his Eye, and not feeming to be of it. In this
manner they came to their firft night's Lodging ; and they
need not now contrive to come to their journeys end about
the clofe of the Evening, for it was in the Month of O&eher
far advanced, that the long journies they made could not be
difpatch'd fooner. Here the Lord Wtlmot found them ^ and
their journies being then adjufted, he was initru£ted where

he

I

Of the Rebellion y &c. 419

he (hould be every Night : fo chcy were feldom fccn together
in the Jouraey, aod rarely lodg'd in the fame Houle at Night.
In this maner the Colonel Hawked two or three days, till he
had brought them within leis than a days Journey of M^ AV-
$§ms Houfe ^ and (hen he gave his Hawk to the Lord IVilmet 3
who continued the Journey in the fame Exercife.

There was great care taken when they came to any
Houfe, that the Kipg might be prefently carried into fome
Chamber^ MnLame declaring ^'That he was a Neighbour's
/'Son, whom his Father had lent her to ride before her, in
^ hope that he would the fooner recover from a Quartan Ague,
*' with which he had been miferably afflicted, and was not
^' yet free, ^nd by this Artifice Ihe caul'ed a good bed to be
fiill provided for him, and the belt ni^at to tx: fent^ which
ibe often carried her felf, to binder others from doing k.
There was no refting in any place till they came to Mr Nw-
tom% nor any thing extraordinary that happened in the way,
lave that they met many People t^vcry day in the way, who
were very well known to thei^ng^ ^nd the day that they
went to Mr»^i»r/f»'8, they were ^neceiTarily to ride quite
through the City of Briftoiy t^ Place,, ^nd People, the King
had been fo well act^uainted with, that be could not but fend
his £yes abroad to view the great alterations which had been
made there, after his departure from thence : And when he
xQde near the place where the great Fort had ftood, he cpuld
not forbear putting his Horfe out of the way, and rode with
hi^ Midrel? behind him round about it.

They came to M' Nertons Houfc (boner than ufual, and it n^y rame
being on a Holy-day, they iaw many People about a Bowling- /V* '• Mr
Green that was bcrore the door, and the firlt Mjin the King JJ^"°" '
law was a Chaplain of his own, who was ally'd to the Gentle- Briftoi!
man of the Hpufe, and was (itting vpoQ the rails^ tq.fee how
the Bowlers play'd. William^ bv which narr.e the King went,
walked with his Horfe into the Stable, until his Miltreis could
provide for his retreat. M'^ L^in/t wa^ very weUcome to her
Coufin, and was prefently conduced to her Chamber ^ where
file no fooner was, than (lie lamented the condition of '^ A
*' good Youth, who came with her, and whom flie had bor-
*^row'd of his Father to ride before- her, who was very (ick,
" being newly recover'd of an Ague 5 and delir'd her Cou(in,
^ that a Chamber might be provided tor him, and a good fire
*^ made : For that he would go early to Bed, and was not fit to
*^ be below Itairs. A pretty httle Chamber was prefently made
ready, and a fire prepared, and a Boy font into the Stable to
call JVtliiawy and to fliew him his Oiamhcr j who was very
glad to be there, firecd from fo much Company as was below.
Mrs Lane was put to find fome excufe for making a vifit at

K e 4 that

410 Theffiflory ^ookXlll.

that time of chc year, and fo many days Journey from her F^
ther, and where Ihe had never been before, though cheMi-
itreis of the Houfe and flie had been bred together, and Friends
as well as Kindred. She pretended ^That fhe was, after a
" little rett, co go into Darjet-fiire to another Friend. When
it was Supper time, there being Broth brought to the Table,
M^s Lave gji'd a little di(h, and defir'd the Butler, who wait-
ed at the Table, ** To carry that dilh of Porridge to IVUliam^
<< and to tell him that he ihould have fome Meat fent to him
*' prefently. The Buttter carried the Porridge into the Chani-
bcr with a Napkin, and Spoon, and Bread, and fpoke kindly
CO the young Man; who was willing to be eating.
ineKs'ii « ' The Butler looking narrowly upon him, tell upon his
i^9wn totbt fences, and with tears told him, "He was glad to fee his Ma-
Wtlt ^'.i®^- The Kii^ wis infinitely furprifed, yet recoUeacd
hirofelf enou^co lau^ at the tduky and to ask him <' What
^he meant? The Man had been Falconer to Sr Themssjer-
mjn^ and made it appear that he knew well enough to whom
he fpoke, repeating iome particulars, which the King had not
forgot. Whereupoathe-Kingconjur'd him ^Not to (peak of
'^ what he knew, fo much as to his Matter, i}iough he believ'd
<' him a very honeft Man. The Fellow promiled, And kept his
- word ; and the King was the better waited upon during the
time of his abode there:

Dr G o RG E s, the King's .Chaplain, being a Gentleman of
a ^od Family near that place, and ally^d to Mr Ncrtemy fupp'd
with them, and being a Man of a chearful Converfation, ask'd
JA" Laue many queftions concerning JVdliamj of whom he
. law (he was fo cardiil by fending up Meat to him ^' How long
<< his Ague had been gone ? and whether he had purged fince
it left him ? and the Uke ; to which Ihe gave fuch Anfwers as
occurred. The DoAor from the final prevalence of the Par-
liament, had, as many others of that Func^on had done, de-
clined his Profeflion, and pretended to ftudy Phyfick. Aflbon
a^ Supper was done, out of good Nature, and without telling
any Body, he went to fee Willism, The King faw him com-
ing into the Chamber, and withdrew to the infide of the Btd^
that he might be fiutheft from the Candle, and the DoAor
came, .and &te down by him, felt his Pulfe, and ask'd him
many QucfHons, which he smfwer'd in as few words as was
podible. and expreding great inclination to go to his Bed 3 to
which the Dodior left him, and went to Mrs LMfie^ and told
her, << That he bad been with J/Pilliam^ and that he would do
^^ well; and advifed her, what (he (hould do if his Ague re-
turn'd. I'he next Morning, the Dodtor went away, (b that
the King faw him no more. The next day the Lord Wiimot
came to the Houfe with his Hawk, to fee Mrs Lano^ and fo

confen'd

Of the ReheUion^ &c. 4-1 1

conferr'd with William \ who was Co conHder what he was to
do. They thought it neceflary to relt fotne days, till they
were informed what Fort lay moft convenient for chem, and
what Peribn liv'd nearcit to it, upon whofe Fideliry they
noig^t rely : And the King gave him dire^ons to enquire after
ibme Perfons, and fome other particulars, of which when
he fliould be fully inftruAed, he Uiould return again to him.
In the mean time, Wtlmvi lodged at a Houfe not far from
Mr Nortam% to which he had been recommended.

A p T E R fome days itay here, and communication between
the King and the Lord Wilmvt by Letters, the King came to
know that Colonel Prsmis Windham liv'd within little more
than a days Journey of the place where he was^ of which he
was very glad^ for betides the inclination he had to his elder
Brother, whofe Wife had been his Nurie, this Gentleman had
behaved himfelf very well during the War, and had been Go-
vernour of DtrnftarCiMej where the Kinehad lodg'd when he
was in the Weft. After the end of the War, when all other
places were Surrendered in that County, He likewife Surren-
dered That, upon &ir Conditions, and made his Peace,* and
afterwards Manied a Wife with a competent Formne, and
liv'd quietly, without any fufpicion of having leflEbn'd his af-
fe^on towards the King.

The King fent Wtlmat to him, and acquainted him where
he was, and ^ That he would gladly fpeak witli him. It was
aot hara for him to choofe a good place where to meet, and
thereupon the day was appointed. After the King had taken
his leaveof MMjLufff, who remain'd with her CouOn Nor-
tamy the King, and the Lord Wilmoty met the Colonel; and,
in the way, ne met in a Town, through which they pafled,
M' KirtoM^ a Servant of the Kin^s who well knew the Lord
U^lmvfj who had no other difguife than the Hawk, but took
no notice of him, nor fufpedted the King to be there; yet
that day made the King more wary of having him in his Com-
pany upon the Way. At the place of meeting, they refled ^' '^''^
onely one Night, and then the King went to the Coloners^^^ p''^^^'
Houie; where he reded many days, whiUt the Colonel pro-wind-
jeded at what place the King might Embark, and how they ham'x
mi^t procure a Veflel to be ready there ; which was not ealy '^f*-
to find ; there being fo great a fear poflefling thofe who were
ixmeS, that it was hard to procure any Veflel that was out-
ward bound to take in any Paflenger.

There was a Gentleman, one M*" BMifim^ who liv'd near
Z^mmi in D^rfit-Jhire^ and was well known to Colonel m»/-
biun^ having been a Cfaptain in the King's Army, and was ftill
look'd upon as a very honeft Man. With him the Colonel con-
fiilted, how they might get a Veflel to be ready to take in a

couple

4-ix • The Biftory Book XIII.

couple of Gentlemeq, Friends of his, who were in danger to be
Arrefted, and Trftnfporc them into Franof, Though no Man
would ask who the rerfons were, yet it could not but be fuf-'
pefted who they were, at leaft they concluded, that ic was ibme
of H^itrcefter Party. Lpne was generally as malicious and dif-
afieded a Town tothe King's Intereft,asany Town in England
could be : vet there was in it a Maftcr of a Bark, of whole ho-
selty this Captain.wag ypry confident. This Man was lately
return'd £rom.FrMn{e>, and had unladen his Veflel, when Elltfim
ask'd him, << When he would make another Voyage ? And he
anfwer'd, ^< Aflopn as he could get Lading for his Ship. The
other ask'd. ^ Whether he would undeitake to carry over a
<< couple of Gentlemen, and Land them in France^ if he roig^c
^< be as well paid for hisi Voyage as he ufed to be when he was
<<fraighted by the Merchants. In conclufion. he told him,
f ' he Qiould receive fifty pounds for his Fare : The large recom-
penfe bad that eficd, tnat the Man undertook it ^ though he
:&id^<He muCt make his provifion very fecretly^ fortlut be
f^might be well fufpeded for going to Sea again without be-
<^ ing fraighted, after he was fo. newly retum'cL Colonel H^nd-
hmn^ being advertifed of this, came together with the Lord
WUmot to the Captain's Houfe, from whence the Lord and the
Captain rid to a Houfe near Jjjmi'^ where the Maiter of the
Batk met them ^ and the Lord Wtlma being fatisfied with the
difcourfe of the Mao, and his warinefsinforefeeingfufpicionb,
which would arife^ it was refolv'd that on fiiai a Night,
: which,, upon confideration of the Tydes^ it was agreed upon,
the Man (hould draw out his VelTei from the Peer, and, being
at Sea, (hould come to luch a point about a Mile from the
Town,' where his Ship fliould remain upon the Beach when
the Water was gone^ which would take it ofiPagam about
break of day the next Morning. There was very near that
Point, even in the view of ic, a faiall Inn, kept by a Man who
was reputed honeft, to which the Cavaliers of the Country
often reforted ; and London Road paflfcd chat way ^ fo that it
was feldom without Company. Into that Inn the two Gentle-
men were to come in the beginning of the Night, that they
might put themfelves on board. AH things being thus con-
certcxl, and good earnelt given to the Maiter, the Lord JVil-
mot and the Colonel returned to the Colonel's Houfe, above a
days Journey from the place, the Captain undertaking every
day to look that the Mailer fhould provide, and, if any thing
fell out contrary to expedbition, to give the Colonel notice
at fuch a place, where they intended the King (hould be the
day before he was to Embark.

Tht

Of the Rehellion, &c. 4.1

The King, being fatisfied with thefe preparations, C9mtrh'n,e
at the cime appoiiued, to that JHoufc where lie was to liear br^H^^ht
chat all went as it ought to do; of which he rccciv'd alliirance '^ " '""
from the Captain ; who found that the Man had honeftly J^'^^"^^ ■
put his Provifions on Board, and had liis Company ready, ^^'/j^,
which were but four Men 3 and that the Vcflci Ihould be EiiUun
drawn out that Night : So that it was fit for the two Perfons
to come to cheaforefaid Inn, and the Capcain condudted them
within (ighcof it j and then went to his own Hou(c, not di-
ftant a Mile from it ; the Colonel remainingllili at the Houfi
where they hadlodg'd the Night before, till he might hear
the news of their being £mbarked.

They found many Paflengcrs in the Inn ; and fo were to Vte so
be contented with an ordinary Chamber, which they did notf^'^'/^h
intend to flceplongin. But affbon as there appeared ^^y^"^,l[
light, WihMBf went out todifcoverthe Bark, of which there ^„^"/l
wal no appearance. In a word, the Sun arofc, and nothing the ^inn
like a Ship in view. They fent to the Captain, who was as
nnich amaz'd ; and he fent to the Town ; and his Servant
could not find the Malter of the Bark, which was itill in the
Peer. ^^^ fufpedted the Captain, and the Captain fufpedl:-
ed the Mafter. However, it being pait ten of the Clock,
they concluded it was not fit for them to itay longer there,
and £0 they mounted their Horfes again to return to the Houfe
wherethey had left the Colonel, who, they knew, rcfolv'd to
flay there till he were aflur'd that they were ^onc.

The truth of the difappointmcnt was this; the Man meant
honeftly,- and made all things ready for his departure ; and the
Ni^t he was to go out with his Veflel, he had ftay'd in his
own Houfe, and flept two or three hours, and the time of
the Tyde being come, that it was neccffary to be on Board, he
took out of a Cupboard fome Linnen,and other things, which
heuled to carry with him to Sea. His Wife had obferv'd,
that he had been for fome days fuller of thoughts than he ufcd
ro be, and that he had been fpeaking with Sea-men, who
ufedtogowith him, and that fome of them had carried Pro-
vifions on Board the Bark ; of which fhe had ask'd her Hui-
band the reafon; who had told her, ^' That he was promifed
^^fiaight fpeediiy, and therefore he would make all things
^ ready. She was Aire that there was yet no lading in the Ship,
and therefore, when fhe (aw her Husband take all thofe Ma-
terials with him, which was a fure fign that he meant to go to
Set, and it being late in the Night, ihe ihut the door, and
fwore he (liould not go out of his Houfe. He told her, '< He
^muft go, and was engaged to go to Sea that Night; for
« which he (hould be well paid. His Wife told him, »She
^was fure he was doing fomewhatthat would undo him, and

414 TbeHiftory Book XIII.

^fiie wu refolv'd he (Iiould not go out of bis Hoafe; tnd if
^heflxxild periiit in it, Ihe would cdi die Neighboors, and
^^ carry him before the Major tobecxamin'd, that the troth
^ might be found out. Tne poor Man, thus -maftia^d bf die
paOion and violenre of his Wife , was forced to yieM to
tier, that there might be no farther noife ^ and (b went into
las bed*

A N D it was very happy that die King's jealoofy haftcn'd
bim from that Inn: It was the foleron Fait Day, which was
obferv'd in thofe rimes principally to enflame the People againft
die Kii^, and all thofe who were Loyal to him, and there
was a Qiappel in that Village over agaisft that Inn, where a
Weaver, who had been a ix^dier, ufed to Preach, and utter
ail the Villainy imaginable againft the old Order of Govern-
ment : and be was then in the Chappel Preaching to his Con-
f ration, when the King went from thence, and telling the
tople <' That K^frnths Stuart was lurkitig fomewhere in: that
^ Country, and that they would merits from God Almighty,
^ if they could find him out. The Fafiengers, who had l^ig\l
in the Inn that Night, had, afibonastbeywereup,fentfer %
iJks u ke SnMch to vilit their Horfcs^ it being a hard Froft. The Smith,

ttl&Lith ^^"^ *** *^ ^°°^ ^^^^ ^ ^*^ *^ ^^ according to the
il»hig tbnr cuftom of that People, examined the feet of the other two
ihrfcs. Horfes to find more work. When he had obferv'd tfaem,
he told the Hoft of the Houfe, ^ That one of thofe Horfes
^ bad travell'd far ^ and that he was finre that his four Shoes
^had been made in four feveral Counties; whidi, whether
his skill was able to difcover or no, was very true. The
Smith gping to the Sermon told this flory to ibme of his
Neighoours ; and fo it came to the Ears of the Preacher,
when his Sermon was done. Immediately he fent for an Of-
ficer, and fearclf d the Inn, and enquired for thofe Horfes, and
being ihform'd that they were gone, he caufed Horfes to be
fent to follow them, and to mm enquiry after the two Men
who rid thofe Horfes, and pofitively declar'd ^ That one of
''them W2S Charles Stifsrt.

When they came again to the Colonel, they (mfently

concluded that they were to make no longer Qay in thofe

parts, nor any more to endeavour to find a Ship upon that

Coafl; and without any farther dciav, they rode back to the

TheKif^ Colonel's Houfe; where they arrived in the Night. Then

jr«ey k^i^f «diey refolv'd to make their next attetnpt in HsffrMirty and

^^J^^^' ^^Jp^9 where Colonel Wimdhsm had no Intereft. They mult

'^'* ipM through all Wiltflnrt before they came thither; which

would require many days Journey : and they were firft to con-

fider what honed Houfes there were in or near the way,

where diey might fecurely repofe ; and it was thought very

dangerous

of the Rehelliott^ &c. 41$-

dtngeraus lor the King to ride dnoug^ anf great Town, as
Smmiury^ itt W9mebejhr'^ which migh: probably lie \xi cheir
wajr.

TasRB was faecweea chat and SstisimTy a very honcft
Genclemany Golaoei RUert Pbil^s^ a younger Brother dt a
rery good Faimiy, which had alwavs been very Loyai ; and
he faM fervM the King during the wan The ¥Ja% was re-7fce JCfp»r
ibiv'd to tmft him^ and fo fent the Lord mimH to a placed' ^^
Aoin whence he mi^ fend to Mr FMifs to cooie to hun» bml^^
and when he had fpdoen with him, M' Fhi^s ihould come u^,
to the King) and iMpd was to ftay in fiich a place as they
two ihould ^BPee. A^ PAUyr accordingjiy came to the Co-
lood'a Houle, whidi he coiuddo wichouc iti^icion, they be-
if^ nearly ailyU The ways were veiy ftai of Soidieia;
which- were (iaxL now 6om the Army to dieir Quarters, and
many Ro^mencs of Horfe and Foot were aflign'd for the
Weft; of which divifion Daimrmfh was Commander in duef.
Thefb matches were like to faft mr many days, and it wouU
not be fit ior the Kii^ to ftay lb long in that place. There-
upon, he idoited to ms old Security of taking a Woman bo-mm eam^
land him, a Kinfwoman of Colood mMmm^ whom he cap- ^i*^» ^>>«»m

lied in thtf manner to a placse not ik from jk&^iri7 ^ to wfaidi ^C^^
Cdonel Htifs conduded him. In this Journey he pa^^^"^*
dtmmf^ themiddieof a Regiment of Horfe; and, prdently
afiei^ met jE3ier^«rMgi walking down a HiU with tlvee or four
Men with him; who had lodged in StMnuj Cfae nigjhc be-
fim; all due Roid being fiiU of Soldieii.

T»fi next day, upon tbe Plains, !> Hmhmm^ oae of the JBrH'mch-
Frebencfc of IcMsvy, met the King, the Loid V^am and ™°

Piv£/rdien leaving Mm iom tothe SeaCoatttDfinda Vcf-^^t*
lU, theDrconckiOiogtheJUf^tDapiacecdledHrtfii^ three ^«i,«„^t
miles fiion SMBdntff^ beloififK then co Seneanc Hfde^ wfaoAMtMMaie
was afterwaids Chief Juftioe ot the Kiogfa Bench, and then iinrHydeV
indie poSeffion of die Widow of his elder Brother; atioufe^^*
(hat flood aloue from Nei^hbouis, and Aom any hi^ way;
where coming in kce in the Evening, he fimp'd with fome
Gendemenw%oacddentaUywereiacheHoufe; wfaicfacould
sK»t wdl be avoided. But, the next Momii^ be went eady
i«imdieflK3e,asifhe had ooodnued his Journey; and the Wi-
dow, fadf^ trailed with tbe knowieijge of her Guell, ioK
tier Servants out of the way; tod^ ac an hour a^spointed, re>-
cdv'd him again, and aocommodated him vBk. a little Room^
wiuch had been madeliace the beginning of the Troubles for
the OQnceaimenc of Delinquents, the Seat always bdoi^ing id
a Mai^iiam Family-

Here he lay conoeaiV) without ^ knoiricdge of fome
Gendemen, wn? liv'd '\si the Houfeu and of othets wbo daily

reftirted

4.i(J TheHifiUfy BookXIIL

reforced thither, foe many day^, the Widow her (elf oniy at-
tending him with fuch things as were neceffiry, and bringing
him fuch Letters as the £k)6tor receiv'd from the Lord wS-
]Mr0f,and Colonel Fbsltps. A Veflei being at lait provided upon
Che Coaft of SMjpXy and notice thereof fent to Dr Hmcbmim^
he fent to the lU ng to meet hicn at St^m^henge upon the Plains
UtnctfA three miles from Heale-^ whither the Widow took care to
^1^ i« direct him ^ and being there met, be attended him to the
BrigS -"'*' P^c^ where Colonel Bbtlifs receiv'd him. He, the next day,
hemfteds delivered him to the Lord Wihnot-y who went with him to a
a»6fr«4 B4n^Houfe in S»JpfXj recommended by Cblonel Gmtttr^ a Gentie-
viu provide lugn of that Country, who had ferv'd the King in the War 5
Gu^f';''"'''-who met him there 5 and had provided a little Bark at
H* arrives Bnght-bemfted^ a fmall FiOier Town ; where he Went early
in Nor- on Board, and^ by Qod's Blefling^ arriv'd &fely in JN't r-

iTNovt-mb T H E Earl of Soutbampttm^ who wa then at his Houfe at
' Tifcbfie/d in Hamp/hirey had been advertifed of the King's be-
ing in the Weil, a^ ot his mifling his pailage at I^^mry and fent
a truity Gentleman to thofe Faiti^ftil Perfons in the Country,
who he thought, were molt like to be employ'd for his £fcape
if he came into thofe parts, to let them know, ^ That he had a
' 5^ Ship ready^ and if the King came to him, he (hould be fiife ;
which advertifement came to the King the Night before he
Embarked, and when his VcQcl was resdy. But his Aftajefty
•ever acknowledged the obligation with great kindnefs, he
being the only Perfon of that Condition, who had the Cou-
' rage to follicite fuch danger, though all good Men heartily
ivilhed his deliverance. It was in NovetHery th^t the King
landed in Normimdy^ in a fmall Creek;, firom whence he got
to Roofty and then gave notice to the iQuecn of his arrival,
and freed his Loyal Subje<^ in all places h'om their difmal Ap-
prehenfions.

Though this . wonderful dehverance and prefervation of
the Perfon of the King, was an Argument of general Joy and
Comfort to all his good Subjedts, and a new feed of hope for
future BleOings, yet his prefent Condition was very deplorable.
Frmnct was not at all pleafcd with his being come thither, nor
did quickly take notice of his being there. The Queen his
Mother was very glad of his Efcape, but in no degree able to
contribute towards his Support^ they who had Intereii: with
her^ finding all (he had, or could get, too little for their own
unlimited Expence. Belides, the diitradtion that. Court had
been lately in, and was not yet free from die eflfeds of, made
her Pcniion to be paid with leis punctuality than it had ufed
to be ; fo that ihc was forced to be in debt both to her Ser-
vants, and for the very Proviiions of her Houfe j nor had the

King

OftheRehUmiSac. 4x7

King one fiiiliing towards the Supporc of 'Himfelf, and hit

Familjr-

A s s o o N as his Majefty came to Pmrisy and knew that the

GhanccUor of the Eichequer was at Antwerp^ he commanded
Sejmmtr^ who was of his Bed-Chamber, to fend to him loVieK^n^
lepttif.thidier j which whilft he was providing to do, M' Lwg^ fi'^' ""''*
the Kin^s Secretary, who was at Amfterdamy and had been ^ll^^^^'J
Kmov'd, from his Attendance in Scotlanih^ ^^ Marquis oi^^^^^^^'^
Argyky writ to the Chancellor, ^^That he had received a Lee-f4iV nktm
*ter from the King, by which he was requir'd to let all his ^ p^«- .
^Kfejefty's Servants who were in thofe parts, know, it was
^his pleafiire that none of them ihould repair to him to Tarts ^
^inKH they (hould receive farther order, (ince his Majefty
* could not yet refolvc how long he ihould ftay there: of
** which, M' Lw(f faid, ** He thought it his duty to give him
"noticei with this, chat the Lord Ctiepefptt and himfelf, who
''had reiolv'd to have made hade thither, had in obedience to
*fhif command laid aiide that piirpoTe. The Chancellor con-
cluded' tfiat this inhibi'tioh concern'^ not Him, fince he had
ftedvM a command from the King to wait upon him. Be-
Ues, he had (tiU the Chara&er of iimbafladour upon him,
fUcfa he could not lay down till he had kifled his Majefty's
titfef. So he puriiied his former purpofe, and came to Pmris Tfje chMai*
H'thc drUfmsr^ and found that the command to Mr Long^^'^'f'^'
hidteen procured with an eye principally upon the Chancel- f^^^"^
My thercbeitig'iotne there who had no mind he (hould be,-»chrift.
^rii the King; thou^, when there was no remedy, themas^rPa-
received hiingraciouily. But the King was very well ^*'-
with his beihg come^ and, for the nrft four or five
_ j/be Q)ent pahy hours with him in private, and informed
Via of very many particulars, of the harih treatment he had
lecdy'dm ScwtUmdjibe reafon of his march into Engiamfy J^^J//^Z
dxf cbnfofion at fPbrcefter, and all the circumitances of his the Kjh^
litfdy'efcape and deliverance ; many parts whereof are com-'^i'f'^w*"'
mended in this relation, and are exaftly true. For befides ?fJ"/ ^']:
dVAok partioilars which the King himfelf was pleafcd to l,7^,;,f
ComniiMcate to him, fo foon after the Tranladions of them,
lAiai they had made (o lively an impreilion in his memory,
iM' df which the Chancellor at that time kept a very pundual
BlMotial; he had^ at the fame time, the daily conver{ation
iiP^e, Lord Wlimt^ ^ho informed him of all he could rc-
incbbe'r : and fomcti'mes the King and He recolleded many
' iicidars in the difcourfe together, in which the King's me-
if; was much better than the other's. And after the King's
ftd return into JgnjAw^/ihe had frequent conferences with
iMity cf thofe who had ^QieA feveral parrs towards the E(cape,
f^ebf fome were of the Chancellor's neareft Alliance, and
''J* others

4.18 TheHift^ry BookXIIL

Others bis molt intimate Friends ; cowards whom his Majefiy
always made many gracious expreilions of his acknowl^e-
menc: fo that there is nothing in diis (horc relation the veri-
ty whereof can jultly be fufpeded, though, as is faid before^
it is great pity, that there could be no Diary made, indeed no
exa& Account of every Hour's adventure from the coming
out of fPbrcifter^ in that difroal confufion, to the hour of hi»
Embarkation at Brigtt-bim/hd ^ in which there was fuch a^
concurrence of good nature^ charity, and generofity in Per-
fons of (he'meaneft and loweft extrai6tion and condiaon, who
did not know the value of the precious Jewel that was in thcdr
cuftody, yet all knew him to be efcaped from fuch an Adion
as would make the difcovery and delivery of him to thofe
who govern'd over and amongft chem, of great benefit, and
prefenc advantage to them ^ and in thofe who did know him,
of fuch Courage, Loyalty, and Adtivity, that aU may reaibn-
ably look upon the whole, as the infpiration and condud: of
God Almighty, as a manifeftacion of his Power and Glory, and
for the convidion of the whole Party, which had finn d fo.

E'evoufly^ and if it hath not wrought that efiedinthem, it
;h rendered them the tnore inexcu&Ue.
A s the greateft Brunt of the danger was diverted by thefe
poor People, in his Night-march^ on foot^ with fo much
pain and tbrmen^ that he often thought that be paid too dear
a price for his Life, before he fUl into the hands of Perfons of
better Quality, oxui places of more conveniency, ib he owed
very much to the dilisence and fidelity of fome £cclefiaftical
Perfons of the:Romi(n perfwafionj especially to thofe of the
Order of Sc Bemtef^ which was the reaibn that he exprefTed
more&vours, after his Reltauration,to that Order than to any
other, and granted them (bme extraordinary Privileges about
the Service of the Queen, not concealing the reafon why he
did fo j which ought to have £uisfied all Men, that his Aoaje-
fly's indulgence towards all of that profieOion, by reffa-aining
the feverity and rigour of the Laws which had been formerly
made againit them, had its rife from a Fountain of Princelf
juftice md gratitud^ and of Rofed bounty and clemency.
Whilst the Counfels and Enterprifes in ScfiiUid vid
Tbe^Mft jSftgUmd^ had this woefiil ifliie, IrelsmdXad no better Succefs
'L^^e '" *^ Undertakings. CrmnnatU had made fo great a Progrefi
' in his Conquefls, before he left that Kingdom to vifit S€9t^^
land^ that he was become, upon the matter, entirely pofleOed
of the two moft valuable, and beft inhabited Provinces, Lms-
fter^ and Munfier ^ and plainly difcem'd, that what remain'd
to be done, itdexterouHy conduced, would be with moft eafe
brought to pafs by the folly, and perfidioufnefs of the Ir^
themfelves ^ who would fave their &iemies a labour, in con-
tributing

Of the Rehelliou, &c. 4.19

Cribudog to, aad haltning their own ddtrudfcion.' He had
made the Bridge iair, eafy, and fafe for them to pafs over into
forreign Countries, by Levies and Tranfporcations ; which
liberty they embraced, as hach been faid before, with all ima-
ginable greedinefs : and he had emertain'd Agents and Spies,
as well Fryars, as others amongft tlie Irifh^ who did not only
give him timdyadvertifement of what was concluded to be
done^ but badintereft and power enough to interrupt, and di-
ilurb the confultations, and to obltrudt the execution thereof:
and having put all things in this hopeful Method of proceed-
ing, in wiuch there was like to be more ufe of the Halter than
the Swordy he committed the managing of the reft, and the
Oovemment of the Kingdom , to his Son in Law Iret^n ; ircxonm^dt
whom he made Deputy under him of Irf /mm/: a Man, vihouriDefuty
knew the bottom of all his Counfels and Purpofes, and was oi^J ^rom.
the (ame, or a greater pride and fiercenefs in his Nature, and
inoft inclined to purfue thofe Rules, in the forming whereof
he had had the chief influence. And He, without fighting a
Battle, though he liv'd not many Months after, reduced moft
bf the tdi that CromweB left unfiniihed.

The Marc^uis of Onm^v^ knew, andunderftood well the ne M^r-
defperate condition and ftate he was in. When he had no other ?<»' «/or-
ftrength and power to depend upon, than that of the Irt/h^ for ^°j)f^/^
the fupport of the Kings Authority : yet there were many iJ^^ ""*
of the Nobility, and prindpal Gentry of the Ir^, in whofe
Loyalty towards the King, abd affediion and Friendfhip to-
wards his own Perfon, he had juilly all confidence; and there
were amongfi: the RomiQi Clergy iome moderate Men, who
did deteft the favage ignorance of the reft : fo that he enter-
tain'd flill fome hope, that the Wifer would by degrees con-
vert the weaker, and that they would all underftand how m-
feparable thdr own prefervation and intereft was from the
iupport of the King's Dignity and Authority, and that the-
wonderful Judgments of God , which were every day exe-
cuted by treton upon the principal, and moft obftinate Con-
trivers of (heir odioils Rebellion, and who pcrverfly and pee-
vifhlyoppofcd their return to their obedience to the King, a?
often as they fell into his power, would awaken them out of
their Sotrifh Lethargy, and unite them in the defence of their
Nation. For there was fcarce a Man, whofc bloody and bru-
rifh behaviour in the beginning of the Rebellion, or whoi?
bartarous Violation of the Peace that had been confented to,
had exempted them from the King's mercy, ^nd left them on-
ly Subjedsof hisjuftice, adbon as they could be apprehend-
ed, who was not taken by Inton^ and hanged with all the c-ii-
cumftaoces of Severity that was due to their wickednefs ^ of
Which innumerable Examp^e.^ might be given

Vol.111. Part 2, Ff There

+30 TheHi/iory BookXIIT.

T H E R F. yet remain'd free from CromweWs Yoke, the two
large Provinces oi Cannaught ^Xk^oilJlfterj and the two (trong
Cities of Umrkk and oiGaUov)ay^ both Garrifbn'd with IrHh^
and exccllendy fupplied with all things neceflary for their
defence, and many other good Fort Towns, and other flrong
places ^ all which pretended and profefled to be for the King,
and to yield obedience to the Marquis of Ormonde his Ma-
jefty^s Lieutenant. And there were (till many good Regiments
of Horfe and Foot together under FrefiMy who feem'd to be
ready to perform any Service the Marquis (hould require:
fo that he did reafonably hope, that by complying with fome
of their humours, by Sacriacing fomewhat of his Honour,
and much of his Authority, to their je^oufy and peeviihnefs,
he fhould be able to draw fuch a ftrength together, as would
give a Itop to Ir^/^ji's Career. O Neile at this time, after he
had been fo baffled and affronted by the Parliament, and af-
ter he had feen his bofome Friend, and fole Counfellor, the
Biiliop of Clogher ( who had managed the Treaty with Monkj
anct was taken Prifoner upon the defeat of his Forces ) hanged,
drawn, and quartered as a Tray tor, fent " To offer his Service
^^ to the Marquis of Ormond with the Army imder his Com-
<^ mand, upon fuch conditions as the Marquis diought fit to
^'fcndtohim j and it was reafonably believed that he did in-
tend very fmcerely, and would have done very good Service ;
for he was the beit Soldier of the Nation, and had the moft
command over his Men, and was belt obey'd by them. Bur,
Owen Row as he was upon his march towards a conjundion with the
o Neilc di' Lord Lieutenant , he fell Gck j and, in a few days, died : fo
wM^^oin'ttf^^^^^ that Treaty produced no effe<a ; for though many of his
Ji!^n^wJfh * Army profecuted his refolution, and joyn'd with theMarcjuis
theUarquit ofQrmondy yet their Officers had little power over their Sol-
•/Ormond. diers j who, being all of the old Iriffj Septs of U/ftery were
entirely govem'd by the Fryars, and were fliortly after pre-
vail'd upon, either to 1 raniport themfelves, or to retire to
their Bogs, and prey tor themfelves upon all they met, with-
out diftindion of Perfons or Intereft. *

The Marquis's Orders for drawing the Troops together
to any Rendezvous, were totally negledted and difbbey'd ;
and the Commiflioner's Orders for the collection of Money,
and contribution in fuch proportions as had been fettled and
agreed unto, were as much contemn'd : fo that fuch Regi-
ments, as with grqac difficulty were brought together, were
afloon diUblv'd for want of pay, order, and accommodation j
or clfe difperfcd by the power of the Fryars j as in the Qty
of LJmrid, when the Marquis was there, and had appointed
ievcral Companies to be drawn into the Market-place, to be
cmploy'd upon a prefent Expedition, an Officer ot good Affe--

ftions.

Of the Relelliofty &c. ^%\

ftions, and thought to have much credit vvirfi his Soldiers,
brought with him two hundred very likely Soldiers well arm'd,
and di(ciplin'd, and having rcceiv'd his Orders tVom the Mar-

Juis f who was upon the place) begun to march; when a
rancifcan Fryar in his habit , and with a Crucitix in his
hand, came to the head of the Company, and jommtinded
them all, <^Upon pain of damnation, that they fliouldinoc
"march: upon which they all threw dov/n their Arms, and
did as the I'ryar directed them; who pur the whole City into a
Mutiny : inibmuch as the Lord Lieutenant was compelled to go ^Mafi'v
out of it, and not without fome difficulty efcaped ; though n .oit '^. ^""■
of the Magiftrates of the City did all that was in their power fllJ^^^l^
to fuppreis the diforder, and to reduce the People to obedi- o/ormond
ence^ and fome of them were kill'd, and many wounded in efcafed.
the Attempt. As an Inltance of thofe judgments from Hea-
ven which we lately mentioned in general, PatrUk Fanning
who with the Fryar had the principal part in that Sedition,
the very next Night after Ireton was poflefled of that ftrong
City, was apprehended, and the next day hang'd, drawn, and
quartePd. Such of the Commiflioners who adhered firmly to
the Lord Lieutenant, in ufing all their power to advance the
King's Service, and to reduce their miferable Countrj-mcn
from eflcfting, and contriving their own dellrudtion, were
without any credit, and all their Warrants and Summons neg-
leAed ; when the others, who declined the Service, and dclird
to obitrudt it, had all refped: and fiibmiflion paid to them.

They who appeared, after thefirft misfortune before DuB-
Im^ to corrupt, and miilead, and diihearren the People, were
the Fryars, and (bme of their inferior Qergy. But new the
titular Bifliops, who had been all made at Rome iince the be-
ginning of the Rebellion, appeared moreadlive than the other.
They call'd an Aflembly of the Bilhops ( every one of which "ThePopifi.
had fign'dthe Articles of the Peace) and chofe fome of their ff^;.^'
Clergy as a Reprefentarive of their Church to meet at J/rmes 7iy,JJ7tib^
Town: where under the pretence of providing for the fccu- tifi!a iSe-
rity of Religion, they examin'd the whole proccedinf^s of the '/'"•'*''>« t-
War, and how the Monies which had been collected, had'^'|;"{.j(|''
been ifliied out. They call'd the giving up the Towns in * ^ ' "
Mwnfier by the Lord Inchiquhis Officers, "The Confpiracy
•' and Treachery of all the Englijh , out of iheir malice to Ca-
•*thoiick Religion J and thereupon prcflcd the Lord Lieute-
nant to difmift all the Englilh Gentlemen who yec remained
with him. They call'd every unprofperous Accident that had
Men out, ** Atbul Mifcarriage; and publifh'd a Declaration
full of libellous Invectives againlt the Enghjh^ without fparing
the Perfon of the Lord Lieutenant ; who, they faid, " Being
"of a contrary Religion, and a known inveterate Enemy to

F f a « the

4,gx TheHiftorj Book XIII.

**thc Catholick, was not fie to be intrufted, with the condudb
**of a War that was raifed for the fupport^ and prcfervation
**ofiri andihortlv after fent an Addrefs to the Lord Lieute-
nant himfclf, in which they told him, " That the People were
" fofar unfatisfied with his condudti, efpecially for his averlion
^^ from the Catholick Religion, and his fiivouring Hereticks,
Viej decUre «c th^c they wci c unanimouUy refolv'd, as one Man, not to
j*i«'/»rflf " fubmit any longer tahis Comcnand, nor toraifeany more
rhl^wiu HO ** Money, or Men, to be apply'd to the King's Service under
Ungerfiih' "his Authority. Bur, on tne other fide, they afliired him,
mit to him ; « fj^^f j-j^^j^ Q^^y j^^ 2ieal was fo entire, and real for the King,
Ww?!?«m-"^^ their Rcfolution foabfolute never to withdraw them-
mit f/*/c;#l ^ fclves from his Obedience, that, if he would depart the
vnnment f " Kiugdom, and commit the Command thereof into the hands
4 KcmAn « Qf j^j^« Perfon of Honour of the Catholick Religion, he
LMhoii:!^ « would thereby unite the whole Nation to the King ; and
<^they would immediately raife an Army that (hould drive
' " Iretott quickly again into Duhtin., and that the Lord Lieute-
nant might know that they would not depart from this deter-
mination,they publiih'd foon after an Excommunication againft
all Perfons who ihould obey any of the Lieutenant's Orders,
or raifc Money or Men by virtue of his Authority.

During all thefe Agitations, many of the Roman Ca-
tholick Nobilcy, and other Perfons of the beft Quality, re-
main'd very faithful to the Lord Lieutenant ^ and cordially
inrerpos'd wich the Popiili Bifliops to prevent their violent
proceedings j but had not power either to perfwade, or re-
Ih-ain them. The Lord Lieutenant had no reafon to be de-
lighted with his Empty Title to Command a People who
would not obey, and knew the daily danger he was in, of
being bcrray'd, and deliver'd into the hands of Irr/^r,, or
being Aflamnated in his own Quarters, and though he did
not believe that the Irijh would behave themfelvcs with more
Fidelity, and Courage for the King's Intereft, when he ihould
be gone \ well knowing that their Bilhops and Clergy defign'd
nothing but to put themfelves under the Government of
fome Popifli Prince, and had at that time fent Agents into
Forreign Parts for that purpofej yet he knew likewife that
there were in truth Men enough, and Arms, aiui all ProviG-
ons for the carrying on the War, who, if they were united,
and heartily refolv'd to preferve themfelvcs, would be much
fuperior in number to any power Ireton could bring againft
them. He knew likewife, that he could iafcly depoGte the
King's Authority in the hands of a Perfon of unqueftionable
Fidelity, whom the King would, without any fcruple, truft,
and whom the Iri(lj could not except againft, being of their
own Nation^of the grcatcft Fortune and intereft among^ them,

and

Of the Rehellion^ Sac. ' 4.53

and of the mod eminent Conftancy to the Roman Catholick
Religion of any Man in the three Kingdoms^ and that was
the Marquis of cUnrkkard, And therefore, lince it was to
no purpofe to ftay longer there hiir.lllf, and it was in his
power fafely to malcc the experiment, whether the Injh would
in truth perform what was in their power to peilb/m, and
which they fo folemnly promifed to do, he thuiight he Ihould
be inexcufable to the King, if he (houid not confcnt to that
Expedient. The great difficulty was to pcrfwade the Marquis
of daurUkard to accept the truft, who was a Man, though of
an unqueflionable Courage, yet, of an intirm Healthy and
lov'd, and enjoy'd great eafe throughout his whole Lvic ; and
of a Conftitution not equal to the fai-igue, and diltreiies, that
the condu<5ting fuch a War mud iLbjed: him to. He knew
well, and exceedingly deteited, the levity, incondancy, and
infidelity of his Country men ; nor did he in any degree like
the prefumption of the Popifli Bilhops, and Clergy, and the
Exorbitant Power which they had afl'umed, and ufurpcd to
tl^mfelves ^ and therefore he had no mind to engage nimfelf
in fuch a Command. But by the extraordinary importunity
of the Marquis of Omnmd^ with whom he had prefci vM a fait
and undiaken Friendihip, and his prefling him to preferve
Ireland to the King, without which it would throw it felf
into the Arms of a Forreigner ; and then the fame importu-
nity from all the Jr//Z> Nobility, Bilhops, and Clergy (after
the Lord Lieutenant had inform'd them of his purpofe)
** That he would preferve his Nation, which without his Ac-
" ceptance of their Protedlion, would infallibly be extirpated,
and their joynt promife " That they would abfolutely fubmit
^ to all his Commands, and hold no aflembly, or meeting a-
^ mongft themfelves, without his Permidion and Commiflion,
together with his unqucitionable ddire to do any thing, how
contrary foever to his own inclination and benefit, that
would be acceptable to the Kin^, and might poflibly brine 7V M^r^aw
fome advantage to his Majcfty's Service, he was in the end »/ ormond

Erevaird upon to receive a Commiffion from the Lo^d^^"J*'^'
lieutenant to be Deput/ of Ireland^ and undertook thatcianric-

Charge. kard hk

How well they complied afterwards with their promifes,^/"*'^^-
and proteftations, and how much better Subjedts they prov'd
to be under their Catlwlick Governour, than they had been
under their Proteftant, will be related at large hereafter. In
the mean time the Marquis of Ormond would not receive a
Fafi from Ireten^ who would willingly have granted it, as he
did to all the Engiifly Officers that defir'd it ^ but Embark'd
himfelf, with fome few Gentlemen befides his own Servants,
in a fmall Frigat , and arriv'd fafely in Kermandy y and fo

F f 3 wcat

4.34- • TheHi/iory Book XIII.

7Tip Uarqiiu wcHt to CdSH ; whcrc his Wife and Family had remained
•/ormond from the time of his departure thence. This was (liorrly af-
FMM^'iwhi ^^^ the King's defeat at mrcefier^ and, aflbon as his Majttty
maits on the srriv'd at Farigy he forthwith attended him, and was niolt
Kiniat Pa- weJlcome to him.

ns rifjer hit S c o T Ij A N D being fubdued, and Ire/an J reduced to that

^ipefr^m Obedience as the Parliament could wiih, nothing could be

wq:ccikci, cxpedled to be done in Engimtd for the King's advantage.

From the time that Cromwell was chofen General in the place

of Fairfax^ hc took all occafions to difcountenancc the Fref-

byterians^ and to put them out of all Truft and Imploymenr,

as well in the Country as in the Army j and, whilft lie was

in ScotUnd^ he had intercepted fome Letters from one Ijove^ a ,

Presbyterian Minifter in London ( a Fellow who hath been

xnention'd before, in the 'time the Treaty was at UxMJge,

for Preaching againft Peace J to a leading Preacher in Scot-

Und-^ and fent luch an information againlt him, with fo many

fuccdiive inftances that Juftice might be exemplarily done

upon him, that, in fpight of all the oppolition which the Pref-

byterians could make, who appear'd publickly with their ut-

moft power, the Man was Condemn'd and Executed upon

r-ove, 4 Tower-hiU, And to Ihew their itrpartiality, about the fame

TtesbjteriM time they Executed Brown BuJheL who had formerly fervM

uumfier t^g Parliament in the beginning ot the Rebellion, and fliortly

fome years in England after the War expired, untaken notice
pfy but, upon this occafion, was cnvioufly difcover'd, and put
to death.

It is a wonderful thing what operation this Presbyterian
Spirit had upon the minds of thofc who were poflefled by it.
This poor Man Love, who had been guilty of as much Trea-
fon againft the King, from the beginning of the Rebellion, as
the Pulpit could cbntain, was fo much without remorfe for
any wickedncfs of that kind that he had committed, that hc
was jealous of nothing fo much, as of being fufbeded to re-
pent, or that he was brought to fuffer for his Affcdlion to the
king. And therefore when he wal upon the Scaffold, where
he appear'd with a marvellous undauntednefs, he feem'd fo
much delighted with the memory of all that he had done
againft the late King, and againft the Biihops, that he could
not even then forbear to fpeak with Animoiity and Bitternefs
againft both, and exprefled great fatisfafiion in mind for what
he had done againft them, and was as much tranfported with
the inward jov of mind, that he felt in being brought thither
to die as a IVIartyr, and to give teftimony for the Covenant;
" Whatfoever hc had done being in the purfuit of the ends,
be faid, '< of that SanOified Obligation, to which he was in
L ^ «and

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 435-

^ and by his Confcience engaged. And in this raving fit, with*
out fo much as praying for the King, otherwife than that he
might propagate the Covenant, he laid his Head upon the
block with as much Courage as the bravelt, and honeitell Man
could do in the moit Pious occalion.

When Cromwell return'd ioUmdouj he caufcd fcveral ^'^!^y^^[;
High Courts of Juitice to be ercdted, by which many Gentle- 'r7iH''i/
men of Quality were Condcmn'd, and Executed in many parts cnii,T.'\f
of the Kingdom, as well as in London^ who had been taken 7W?' <• '• '••
Prifoners at Wotcefier^ or difcover'd to have been there. And '"''"''''
that the Terrour might be univerfal, fome fuffcr'd tor loofc
difcourfes in Taverns, what they would do towards Kc(toring
the King, and others for having blank Commillions found in
their hands fign'd by the King, though they had never at-
tempted to do any thing thereupon, nor, for ought appeared,
intended to do. And under thefe defblate apprehenfions all
the Royal and Loyal Party lay groveling, and prollrate, after
the defeat of Worcefttr.

There was at this time with the King the Marquis of
Ormond'^ who came thither before the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer. Though his Majeity was now in unqueltionable Vw Kjnv^
laiety, theflreights aiui necefliiies he was in were as unque-»^f(//»>'«-»*
ftionable j which expofed him to all the troubles and uneali- ''^"*'
ne(s that the Malters of very indigent Families arc fubjcdted
to; and the more, becaufe all Men con(ider'd only his Dignity,
and not his Fortune : So that Men had the fame Emulations,
and Ambitions , as if the King had all to give which was
taken from him, and thought it a good Argument for them to
ask, becaufe he had nothing to give; and ask'd very improper
Reveriions, becaufe he could not grant the Poflcllion; and
were foUicitous for Honours, which he had power to grant,
becaufe he had not Fortunes to give them.

There had been a great acquaintance between the Mur-Vie rrie,j

Juis of Ormondj when he was Lord Tiur/es, in the life of his " /Z' ^''•"'•;'-
Jrand-fether, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, which ^j' onnond
was renew'd, by a mutual corrcfpondence, when they both ^nu the
came to have (hares in the publick bufinefs, the one in Ire- chancellor of
iandy and the other in England: So that when they now met'^^* ^*"^'^''"
at PariSy they met as old Friends, and quickly underftood each^'*'^^
other fo well, that there could not be a more entire con-
fidence between Men. The Marquis confulted with him in his
neareft concernments, and the Chancellor eiteem'd, and cul-
tivated the Friendlliip with all poflible induftry and applica-
tion. The King was abundantly fatisfied in tne Friendihip
they had for each other, and trulted them both entirely ; nor
was it in the power of any, though it W£S often endeavour'd
by Perfons of no ordinary Account, to break or interrupt that

F f 4 nvjtuai

«

i

43(5 TheHiftor/ Book XIII.

mutual confidence between them, during the whole time the
King remain'd bejrond the Seas j wherebjT the King's per-
plexed A&irs were carried on with the lefs trouble. And
che Chancellor did always acknowledge, that the benefit of
this Friendfliip was fo great to him, that, without it, he could
not have borne the weight of that part of the King's buCmefs
which was incumbent on him, nor the envy and reproach that
attended the Truft.

Besides the wants and neceflities which the King was
prefled with in refped of himfeif, who had nothing, but was
obliged to find himfeif by credit in Qoaths, and all other ne-
cei&rics for his Perfon, and of his Family, which he faw re-
duced to ail extremities ^ he was much difijuieted by the ne-
neneceffp- ccffities in his Brother the Duke ofrerk's Family, and by the
TL^ll/Z diforder and fadion in it. The Queen complain'd heavily of
jpukl of ' Sr George Ratctiff^ and the Atturney ; and more of the nrftp
York'j f4- becaufe that he pretended to fome Right of being of the
""(r- Duke's Family by a Grant of the late King; which his pre-
fent Majefty determined againft him; and reprehended his
Adlivity in the laft Summer. Sr Jobu Berkhy had moft of
the Queen s Favour ; and tbou^ he had at that time no in-
tereft in the Duke's Afiedion, he found a way to ingratiate
himfeif with his Royal Highndfs, by infinuating into him two
mrticulars, in both which he forefaw advantage to himfeif.
Though no Man aded the Governours part more Impe«
rioufly than He had done whiift the Lord Bjreu was abfent,
finding that he himfeif was liable in fome degree to be go-
verned upon that Lord's return, he had ufed all the ways
he could that the Duke might be exempted from any Sub-
jedion to a Governour, prefuming, that, when that Title
iliould be extinguifhed, he fliould be poflcfled of fome fuch
OfEce and Relation, as (hould not be under the Controle of
any but the Duke himfeif. But he had not yet been able to
bring that to pafs ^ which was the reafon that he ilay'd at
Paris when his Highnefs viiited Flanders and HoUami. Now
he took advantage of the Adivity of the Duke's Spirit, and
infufed into him, << That it would be for his Honour to put
<< himfeif into Adtion, and not to be learning his Exercifes in
" Paris whiift the Army was in the Field: A Propofition firffc
intimated bv the Cardinal, "That the Duke was now of years,
" to learn nis meftier^ and had now the opportunitv to im-
^^ prove himfeif, by being in the care of a General reputed
^^ equal to any Captain in chrifiendom^ with whom he might
^Wearn that Experience, and make thofe Obfervations, as
^< might enable him to ferve the King his Brother, who mull
** hope to recover his Right only by the Sword. This the Car-
dinal had (aid both to the Queen, and to i^t Lord J^rt^fWj^

ifrhilft

of the ReheUion^ &c. 437

whilft (he Kiag was in ^otitmi^ when no Man had the hardi-
ncl's to advife it in that conjundture. Bur, after the King's
Return from &gUmd^ there wanred nothing but the Appro-
bation of his Majeliy ^ and no Man more dcfired it than the
Lord Byr^Wy who had had good Ck>mmand, and preferred that
kind of Life before that which he was obliged to live in at
Ptffsr. There was no need of Spurs to be employed to incite
the Duke ^ who was moil impatient to be in the Army. And
therefore Sr Jnbn Berkley could not any other way make him-
felf fo gratejRil to him, as by appearing to be of that mind,
and by telling the Duke, ^ That whofoever oppofed it, and
^ diflwaded the King from giving his confenr, was an Enemy
^ to his Highness Glory, and defir*d that he (hould live al-
^ ways in Pupillage ^ not omitting to put him in mind, ^ That
^ his very entrance into the Army fet him at Liberty, and puc
^ him into his own difpofal^ fince no Man went into the Field
^ under the direction of a Govemour ^ itill endeavouring to
improve his prejudice againlt thofe who (hould either difTwade
him from purfuing that Refolution, or endeavour to perfwadtf
the King not to approve it j ** Which, he told him, could pro- .
^ ceed nrom nothing but want of Afiedlion to his Ferfon. By
this means he hoped to raife a notable diilikeinhimofthe
Chancellor of the Exchequer, who, he beiiev'd, did not like
theddign, becaufe he having fpoken to him of it, the other
had not enlarged upon it as an Argument that pleafcd
him.

The Duke preOed it with eameflnefs and paflion, in which
he di(Ii:mbled not^ and found the Queen, as welt as the
King, very referv'd in the pointy vmich proceeded firom
their tendernefs towards him, and left they might be thought
to be lefi concern'd for his Safety than they ought to be.
His Highnefs then conferred with thofe, who, he thought,
were moft like to be confulted with by the King, amongft
whom he knew the Chancellor was one ^ and finding him to
fpeak with lefs warmth than the reft, as if he thought it a
matter worthy of great deliberation, his Highnefs was con*
lirm'd in the jeaioufy which S'' Jokm Berkley had kindled in
him, that He was the principal Perfon who obftrdded the
King's Condefcenfion. There was at that time no Man with
the Ring who had been a G3uncellor to his Father, or fworn
to Himfelf, but the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Mar-
quis of OfmemJy though he had adminilter'd the Afiairs in
JrilanJy was never fworn a Counfellor in Et^lamJ^ yet his
Majefty look'd upon him in all refpedis moft fit to advife
hicn ', and thought it necef&ry to form fuch a Body, as fhould
be eileem'd by all Men as his Privy Council, without whofe
Advice he would take no Refolutions. The King knew the

Qiiccn

4-g8 TbeHiftory BookXIIL

Queen would not be well pleafed, if the Lord Jertnyn were
not one ^ who in all other refpedts was ncceflary to that Truit,*
iince ail AddreQes to the Court of France were to be made by
him : And the Lord H^lmotj who had cultivated the King's
Affedion during the time of their Peregrination, and drawn
many promifes from him, and was fiill of projedts for his Ser-
Toe KJng vice, could not be left out. The King therefore call'd the
appoints a_^ Marquis o( Or mend, the Lord Jermynj and the Lord Wilmoty
JU9 tnnct . ^^ ^j^^ Council Board j and declar'd " That they three, toge-
^ ther with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, ihould be con-
" fulted with in all his Affiiirs. The Q^een vtry eameftly
prefled the King, « I'hat S' JahM Berkley might iikewile be
^^ made a Countellor ^ which his Majefty would not confenc
to ^ and thought he could not rcfufe the fame Honour to the
Lord Wentworth^ the Lord Byron, or any other Perfon who
ihould wait upon him, if he granted it to 3^ J^hn Berkley , who
had no manner of pretence.

Berkley took thisrefiifal very heavily, and thought his
great Parts, and the Services he had performed, which were
known to very few, miriit well enough diftingpiOi him from
other Men. But becaufe he would not be thought without
fbme juit pretence which others had not, he very confidently
Sir John infixed upon a Right he had, by a promife of the late King, to
^^^^)2xo be Maf ter of the Wards i and that Officer had ufually been
^tf^M/t^r- of ^^ Vivv'^ Council. The evidence he had of that promife,
n:ib t^fthe was an intercepted Letter from the late King to the Queen,
'mirUs, which the Parliament had caufed to be printed. In that Let-
ter the King anfwer'd a Letter he had receiv'd from her Ma-
jedty, in which ihe put him in mmd ^^ That he had promifed
'^ her to make Jack Berkley ( which was the ftyle in the let-
ter) " Matter of the Wards ; which the King (aid, " He won-
*' dcr'd at, (iiice he could not remember that Ihe had ever
<^ fpokcn CO him to that purpofe ; implying likewife that he was
^^ not fit for it. He prefled the Chancellor of the Exchequer
*' to urge this matter of Right to the King (and faid, " The
<' Queen would declare the King had promifed it to her) and
<^ to prevail with his Majeity to make him prefently Mafter
** of the Wards j which would give him fuch a Tide to the
<^ Board, that others could not take his being called thither as
** a prejudice to them.

The Chancellor had at that time much kindnefs for him,
and did really deCre to oblige him, but he durit nofr urge that
for a reafon to the King, which could be none, and wnat he
knew, as well as a Negative could be known, had no foun-
dation of truth. For befides that he very well knew the late
King had not fo good an opinion of Sr John Berkley, as he
himfelf did at that time heartily wifli, and endeavour toinfufe

into

OfiheReheUion^StCC. 439

into him, the King had, afrer that promifc was pretended to
be raade, granted rhar Office at Oxford to the Lord Cotthtg*
ton; who executed it ai long as Offices were executed under
the Grant of the Crown, and was pofleflcd of the Title to his
dearh. The Chancellor did thercfoie very earnclily endea-
vour to diflwade him from making that pretence and demand
to the King ; and told him, " The King could not at this time
" do a more ungracious thing, that would lofe him more
" the hearts and aftedtions ot the Nobility and Gentry of
" England^ than in making a Mafter of the Wards, in a time
" when it would not be the lealt Advantage to his Majcfly
** or the Officer, to declare that he refolv'd to infift upon that
" part of his Prerogative which his Father had confcnted to
•* part with j the refuming whereof in the full rigour, which
" he might lawfully do, would ruin moft of the Mates of
" England^ as well of his Friends as Enemies, in regard of
*' the vaft Arrears incurr'd in fo many years j and therefore
<* whatever his JVlajefty might think to rcfolve hereafter, when
** it fliould pleafe God to rettorc him, for the prefcnt there
" muft be no thought of fuch an Officer.

Sir John Berkley was not fatisfied at all with the rcafon
that was alledged; and very unfatisficd with the unkindncfs
fas he called it) of the refuial to interpofe in it ; and faid,
"Since his friends would not, he would himfelf require jultice
^ of the King ; and immediately, hearing that the King was
in the next Room, went to him ; and in the warmth he had
contradled by the Chancellor's contradidlion, preflcd his Ma-
jelty, ^ To make good the promife his Father had made ; and
magnified the Services he had done ^ which he did really be-
lieve to have been very great, and, by the cuitom of making
frequent relations of his own Adlions , grew in very good
earneft to think he had done many things which no body elfc
ever heard of. The King who knew him very well, and be-
liev'd little of his Hiftory, and lefs of his Father's promife,
was willing rather to reclaim him from his importunity, than
to give him a poiitive denial (which in his Nature his Majeily
affedted not) left it might indifpofe his Mother or his i3ro-
ther : and fo, to every part of his requeft concerning the be-
ing of the Council, and concerning the Office, gave him fuch
reafons againlt the gratifying him for the prefent , that he
could not but plainly difcern that his Majdty was very averfe
from it. But that confideration prevailed not with him; he
ufed fo great importunity, notwithdanding all the reafons
which had been alledged, that at the laft the King prevailed
with himfelf, which he ufed not to do in fuch Cafes, to give
him a pofitive denial, and reprehenfion, at once^ and fo Icii'^ieKin^^
him. "'*' " ''"**

All

^ The Hlftory Book XIII.

All this be imputed to the Chancellor of the Exchequer ;
and chough he knew well he had not, nor could have fpoken
with, the King from the time they had fpoken together, be-
fore bimfelf had that Audience from his Majeliy, he declared,
^ That he knew all that Indifpofition had been infuied by him ;
^ becaufe many of the reafons, which his Majefty had given
^ agaioft his doing what he defir'd, were the very fame that
^ the Chancellor had urged to him } though they could not
but have occcir'd to any reafonable Man , who had been
called to confult upon that Subject This palTion prevailed
to far upon* him, chat, notwithftanding the advice or fome of
his beft Friends to the contrary, he took an opportunity to
walk with the Chancellor (hortW after \ and , in a very calm,
though a very confufed difcourie, told him, ^ That, hnce he
« was refblv'd to break all FriendQiip with him, which bad
<^ continued now near twenty years, he thought it but juft
<^ to give him notice of \i^ that from henceforward he might
<c not exped any FriendQiip from him, but that they might
<< live cowards each other with that civility onlv that Stran-
« gers ufe to do. The C^ncellor told him, " That the fame
<< jultice that difpofed him to give this notice, (hould likewif^
^ oblige him to declare the reafon of this refolution ^ and ask'd
him, « Whether he had ever broken his word to him ? or
«« promifed to do what he had not done? He anfwer'd, " His
<< Exception was, that he could not be brought to make any
<< promife ; and that their judgments were Co different, that
»i,«r*ajfl» c<he would no more depend upon him : and fo they parted,
tnl^»i:h without ever after having converfiition with each other whilft
the Chan- they remaitt'd in Prance.

ceiUr, The Spring was now advanced, and the Duke of Terk

continued his importunity with the King, '' That he might
" have his leave to repair to the Army. And thereupon his
ptiibirstion Majcfty called his Council togedier, the C^een his Mother,
l'ii!mi^Z' a"M his Brodier, being likewife prefent. There his Majelty
the Duke of declar'd ^ What his Brother had long defir'd of him j to which
york^W(i«he had hitherto given no other Anfwer, than that he would
j# in f the u think of it ; and before he could give any other, he thought
J^j " it neceflary to receive their advice : nor did his Majefty in
^ the leaft difcover what he himfelf was inclined to. The Duke

then repeated what he had defir'd of the King ^ and faid, ** He
^ thought he ask'd nothing but what became him ; if he did
<* not, he hoped the King would not deny it to him, and that
" no body would advife he fliould. The Queen (poke not
a word ; and the King defir'd the Lords to deliver their opi-
nion; who all fateGlent, expeding who would begin; there
being no fixed Rule of the Board, but fomctimes, according
to the Nature of the bulinefe, he who was firit in place be-
t gun.

Of the Rehellton^ &c. 4.4-1

gun, at other times he who was laft in Qiiality y and when it
required (bene Debate before any opinion ihould be delivered,
any Man was at liberty to oficr what he would. But after
a long Glence, the King commanded the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer to fpeak firlt. He (aid, ^ It could not be expcdtcd,
*^ that he would deliver his opinion in a Matter that was fo
^< much too hard for him, till he heard what others thought ;
^'at lead, till the Queltion was otherwife dated than it yic
** (eem'd to him to be. He faid, "He thought the Council would
*' not be willing to take it upon Them to advife that the Duke
of Torkj the next Heir to the Crown, (hould go a Voluntier
'* into the French Army, and that the expo(ing himfelf to fo
^' much danger, (hould be the efledl: of Their Council who
** ou^t to have all po(fible tendernefs for the fatety of every
«* Branch of the Royal Family j but if the Duke of Torky out
" of his own Princely courage, and to attain experience in the
^' Art of War, of which there was like to be fo great ufe, had
<< taken a refolution to vUit the Army, and to fpend that
« Campagne in it, and that the quedion only was, whether
^^ the King (hould redrain him from that Expedition, he was
^ ready to declare his opinion, that his Majcity (hould nor ^
** there being great difference between the Kingj^s adviling him
^ to go, which implies an approbation, and barely fuffering
" him to do what his own Genius inclined him to. The King
and Queen lik'd the dating of the Queftion, as fuiting belt
with the tendernefs they ought to have^ and the Dukp was
as weU pleafed with it, (ince it left him at the Liberty he de-
fired 'y and the Lx)rds thought it fafe(t for Them : and (b all
were pleafed^ and much of the prejudice which the Duke had
entertain'd towards the Chancellor, was abated : and his Royal
Highne{s, with the good liking of the French Court, went to
the Armyj where he was received by the MarUial oiTlurenne^'^*'^^**^
with all podible demon(tration of refpefl; where, in a dioit^'^'* '"*
time, he got the reputation of a Prince of very fignal Courage, '^^'
and to be univerfally belov'd of the whole Army by his af-
&hle behaviour.

The infupportable neceflities of the King were now grown
To notorious, that the French Court was compell'd to take no-
tice of them y and thereupon, with fome dry Compliments
for the fmallnefs of the Adignation in refpcd^ of the ill con-
dition of their Affairs, which indeed were not in any good Tht ^ffi^-
po(ture, they fettled an Aflignation of (ix thoufand Livres by "*''•* '//'^
the Month upon the King, payable out of fuch a Gabel j 'l^iyj^^y
which, being to beg^n (ix Months after the King came i\Arihe month,
ther, found too great a debt contraded to becaiily fatisfied>'/<:^»^9'>
out of fuch a Monthly receipt, though it had been pun^ally ^''' ,^"? ^J^
complied with j which it never was. The Queen, at his ^^iJt

Majdty's

441 7^^ Hiftory Book XIIL

Majefty's firft arrival, had declared, " That flie was not able
^ CO besu- the charge of the King's dyec, but that he rouft pay
" one half of the expence of her Table, where both their Ma-
^ jeitfes eat, with the Duke of Torky and the Princcfs Henri-
^ttta ( which two were at the Queen's charge till the King
came thither, but from that time, the Duke of Tork was i^pon
the King's Account ) and the very firft Night's Supper which
the King eat with the Queen, begun the Account ^ and a
JVJoiecy thereof was charged to the King : fo that the firit Mo-
ney that was recciv'd for the King upon his Grant, was en-
tirely ftopp'd by & Hurry Woody the Queen's Treafurer, for
the difcharge of hisMajeliy's part of the Queen's Table (which
expence was firlt £itisfied, as often as Money could be pro-
cured ) and the reit for the payment of other debts contra£t-
ed, at his firft coming, for Qoaths and other Neceffiiries,
there being great care taken that nothing (hould be left to be
diftributed amongft his Servants; the Marquis of Ortnond
bimfelf being compell'd toputhimfelf in Penfion, with other
Gentlemen, at a Piftole a Week for his dyet, and to walk the
Streets on foot, which was no honourable cuftom in Faris ;
whilftthe hoxd Jermynkt^i an excellent Table for thofewho
Courted him, and had a Coach of his own, and all other ac-
commodations incident to the moft fiill fortune ; and if the
King had the moft urgent occafion for the Ufe but of twenty
Piftolcs, as fometimes he had, he could not find credit to
borrow it ; which he often had experiment of. Yet if there
had not been as much care to take that from him which was
his own. as to hinder him firom receiving the fupply aflign'd
by the King of Franccy his NeceflSties would not have been
fo extraordinary. For when the King went to Jerfey in or-
der to his Journey into Irelandy and at the fame time that he
fent the Chancellor of the Exchequer into Sfawy he fent like-
wife the Lord colefefperitito MofiOy to borrow Money of that
Duke y and into FoUnd he fent M*" Crofts upon the lame er-
rand. The former return'd whilftthe King was in Scotland^
and the latter about the time that his Majefty made his efcapc
from Worcefier, And both of them fucceeded fo well in their
Journey, that he who receiv'd leaft for his Majefty's Service,
had above ten thouiand pounds over and above the expence
of their Journies.
UmtheUo' But, as if the King had been out of all poffible danger to
T^rZ^ ^^ ^^°^ Money, the Lord Jtrmjn had fent an Exprefs into Scot-
»Mr!n^the ^'**^' aflbon as he knew what fuccefs the Lord Colepefper had
Kjn^fnm at Mojcoy and found there were no lefs hopes from Mr Croft Sy
Morcoand and procured from the King (who could with more eafe
PdanA grant, than deny ) Warrants under his hand to both thofe En-
4 voys, to pay the Monies they had recciv'd to fevcral Per-

fdns^

of the Re^el/ioM, &c. 44.5

fons y whereof a conliderable Sum was made a preien: co she
Queen, more to the Lord Jtrmyn^ upon prerence ot debts
due to him, which were not dimtnilh'd by chat receipt, and
ail diipoled of according to the modelty of the Askers \ where*
of DrGfjfehad eight hundred pounds for Services he had per-
formed, and, within few days after the receipt of it changed
his Rehgion, and became one of the Fathers of the Oratory:
To that, when the King return'd in all that diitrefs to ?Mfi8y
he never received five hundred Piltoles from the piocccd of
both thofe £mbaflies^ nor did any of thole who were fupplied
by his bounty, feem fendble of the obligation, or the more
difpofcd to do him any Service upon their own expcnce j of
wliich the King was fenfible enough, but refolv'd to bear that
and more, rather than, by entring into any Lxpoiiulation with
thofe who were faulty, to give any trouble to the Queen.

The Lord Jermyny who, in his own judgment, was very
indifferent in all matters rekting to Religion, was always of
fome Fadtion that regarded it. He had been much addidted
CO the Presbyterians from jpie time that there had been any
Treaties with the ScoU^ in which he had too much privity.
And now , upon the King's Return into Frames he had a
great deiign to perfwade his Majeity to go to the Congrega-
tion zicharcTitony to the end that he might keep up his In-
tereft in the Presbyterian Party , which he had no rcafon to
believe would ever be able to do the King Service, or wilhng,
if they were able, without fuch odious Conditions as they
had hitherto infilled upon in all their Overtures. The Qiieen
did not, in the leaft degree, oppolc this, but rather feem 'd to
countenance it, as thjc belt Expedient that might incline him,
hy degrees, to prefer the Religion of the Church of Rome.
For though the Queen had never, to this time, by her felf, or
by others with her advice, ufed the lealt means to perfwade
the King to change his Religion, as well out of obfervation
of Che Injundtion laid upon her by the deceafed King, as oiic
of the conformity of her own judgment , which could not
but perfwade her that the Change of his Religion would in-
fillibly make all his hopes of recovering England defperate ;
yet it is as true, that, from the Kii^.g's return from Worcefiery
(he did really defpair of his being reltorcd by the Afiedtions
of his own Subjedls j and belicv'd that it could never be
brought to pafs without a Conjunction of Catholick Princes
on his behalf, and by an united force to Reftore him j and
that fuch a conjunction would never be entered into, excepc
the King himfelf became Roman Catholick. Therefore from
this time (he was very well content that any Attempts
(hould be made upon him co that purpofe; and, in that re-
gard, wiQi'd that he would go to Cbarenton y which Ihe well

knew

444- The^/iory Book XIII.

knew was not the Religion he afieAed, but would be a little
difcountenance to the Church in which he had been bred ;
and from which aQbon as he could beperfwaded in any degree
to fwerve, he would be more expos'd to any other temptation.
Vit yiini^ The King had not pofitively refilled to gratify the Minifters
chiremon of that Congregation; who, with great profeffions of Duty,
f^efs the '^^ befought him to do them that Honour, before the Chan-
K^nf to cellor of the £xchequer came to him ; in which it was be-
tome to their liev'd, that thcy were the more like to prevail by the Death
sr^rJ'old^d ^^ ^' Steward ^ for whofe judgment in matters of Religion
lyth'/Lrd ^^^ *^'"g h^d reverence, by the earneft recommendation of
jermyn. his Father : And he died aherthe King's Return within ibur-
DrStewrard teen days, with fome trouble upon the importunity and arti-
f'a^f/th^' fice he faw ufed to prevail with the King to go to charenton^
ki»i''ret though he faw lio difpoiition in his Majcfty to yield to it.
rnr^iito The Lord Jermyn flill prefled it, "As a thing that ought
France, ccjn policy and difcretion to be done, to reconcile that Peo-
^ pic, which was a great Body in Frstue^ to the King's Ser-
^ vice, which would draw to niitall the Forreien Churches,
^ and thereby he might receive conliderable Affiftance. He
wonder'd, he (aid, " Why it (hould be oppofed by any Man ^
<< fince he did not wifb that his Majefty would difcontinue
<< his own Devotions, according to the coiirfe he had always
" obferv'd; nor propofe that he fliould often repair thither,
^ but only foroetimes, at ieaflonce, tofliew that he did look
^' upon them as of the fame Religion with him ; which the
<< Church of England had always acknowledg'd ; and that ic
<< had been aninltrudiion to the Engli/b Embafladours, that they
^' (hould keep a good correfpondcnce with thole of the Reli*
**gion, and nrequcntly refortto Divine Service at Charenton'y
*' where they had always a Pew kept for them.
iu ch^n- The Chancellor of the Exchequer diflwaded his Majefty
E^Zf^^^'^ from going thither with equal earneftnefs; told him, "Thar,
d'jj^'^ded *' whatever countenance or favour, the Crown or Church of
htm from it. ^England had heretofore fliew'd to thoic Congregations, ic
" was in a time when thcy carried themfclves with modelty
" and duty towards both, and when they profefled great duty
" to the King, and much reverence to that Church ; lamcnc-
" ihg themrclvc5, that ic was not in their power, by the oppo-
"fition of the State, to make their Reformation foperfedtas
" it was in Engiand, And by this kind of behaviour they had
•* indeed recciV'd the Protection and Countenance from Eng^
^^land as if they were of the fame Religion, though, icmay
"be, the Original of that Countenance and Procedtion pro-
" ceeded from another lefs warrantable foundation , which he
"was iure wouUi never find Credit from Iiis ^ajefty. Bur,
** whatever it was. that People now had undcferv'd it from the

^Kingi

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 44ijr

■^King ^ for, aflboD as the Troubles b^uo, the Hugonots x£
^ Frame had generally exprefled great Malice to the Jace King^
''and very many of their Preachers and Mioilters had pub>
^ lickly and induftrioufly juftified the Rebellion, and pray'd for
^ Che good fuccefi of it ^ and their'Synod ic felf had in fuch a
^ manner inveighed againil the Church oi Engimmdy chat they,
^ upon the matter, profeffed themfelves to be of aodcher Re-
''l^on^ and inveigh'd againll Epifcopacy, as if it were in-
''conCiient with the protolant Religion. That one df their
''great Profeflbrs at their Univerficy of Saumutj who was
"look'd upon as a Man of the molt moderate fpirit amongft
" their Minifters, had publiQi'd an Apology for the general
"inclination of that Party to the proceedings of the Parlia*
"ment of England^ left it might give fome jealoufy to their
"own King of their inclination to Rebellion, and of their
"ppinion that it was lawfiil for Subjects to take up Arms
"^ainll their Prince j which, he faid, could not be done id
'^ ¥rm»ce without manifeft Rebellion, and incurring the dif-
"pleafureof God for the manifeft breach of his Command-
" mencs \ becaufe the King oiFrMuce is an abfolute King, in»
" dependent upon any other Authority. But that the Confti-
'< ciitioii of the Kingaom of Endani was of another Nature;
*< becaufe the King there is fubordinate to the Parliament^
" which hath Authority to raife Arms for the Reformation
"of Religion, or for the executing the publickjuftice of the
" Kingdom againft all thofe who violate the Laws of the Na-
" tion, fo that the War might be juft There, which in no cafo
" could be warrantable in France.

Thb Chancellor told the King, ^^Thar, after fuch an in-
" dignity o£fer'd to him, and to his Crown, and fiuce they had
" now made fuch a diftindlion between the Epifcopal and the
" Pk-esbyterian Government, that they thought the Profeflbrs .
"were not of the faihe Religion, his going to charenton could
" flioit be Ivithout this tScGty that it would be concluded every
" where, that his M^efty thought the one or the other Pro-
^fefflon x6 be indifierent: which would be one of the moft
" deadly wounds to the Church of England that it had yet
" ever (uffer'd. Thefe reafons prevail'd fo far with the King's
own natural averQon from what had been propofed, that he
declared pofitively, " He would never go to Ckarenton'^ which i7;f ijy»^
determination eafed him from any farther application of that ^f^'^^flf
People. The reproach of this refolution was wholely charged *•"'** "'^
u(>on the Chancellor of the Exchequer, as the implacable Ene^^''
iriy df all Presbyterians, and as the only Man who divertol
the King from having a good opinion of them : whereas in
trath^ the daily information he receiv'd from the King him-
felf of their barbarous behaviour in Scot land towards him, and
' Vol. III. Part 2. G g of

446 TheHiftory BookXIII.

of thcif iftfupportable pride and pedantry in their Manners,
did confirm him in the judgment he had always made of cheir
Profcflion , and he was the more grievous to thofe of that
Profeffion^ becaufe they coi^Jd not, as they ufed to do all thofe
who oppofed and crofled them in that manner, accufe him of
being Popiihly affe^ed, and governed by the Papifts- to
whom they knew he^ was equally odious j and the Queen's
knowing him to be molt difafied^ed to her Religion, made her
willing to appear mofl diipleafed for his hindring the King
from going to Charentan.

"There was another Accident, which fell out at this timCjj .
andvwhich the Chancellpr of the Exchequer forefaw would
exceedingly increafe the Queen's prejudice to him ; which he
did very heartily dcfireto avoid, and to recover her Majefty's
favour by all the ways he could purfue with his duty ; and, in
confifteftce with that, did never, in the leaft degree, difpofe.
his Majelty to deny any thing to her which fhe own'd the de-
fire of. Lieutenant General MUdleton^ who had been taken ,
Prifoner aft^r WarcefttrFf^ht^ after he was recover'd of his
wounds wa^ fent Pri/bner to the Tower of London j where
were likewife many Noble Pcrfons of that Nation, as the Earl .
q( Crm*tjjfhrd^ the Earl of L<3f«^i6er^<f/(e, and many others. But
aa They of the Parliament had a greater regard for MiddUton
than for any other of that Country, knowing him to be a Man ,
of great honour and courage, and much the beft Officer the
Sc9t$ had, fo they had a hatred of him proportionable ^ and
they thought they had him at their Mercy, and might pro-
ceed a^ainlt him more warrantably for his life, than againft
their other Prifoners ; becaijfe he had heretofore, in the be-
ginning of the War, ferv'd them; and though he had quitted ,
their Service at the fame time when they cafliier'd the Earl .
oi Ejfex^ and made their new Model, and was at liberty to ,
do what he thought beft for himfelf, yet they refolv'd to free .
thcmfelves from any farther apprehenfiohs and fear of him l
to that purpofc they eredted a new High Court of Jufticc, for .
the Trial of fome Perfons who had been troublefometo them,
and efpecially iW/V^/?f ^ijr and ywVr^/.

This laft, after he-had efcaped from Wbrcefier^ and travel-
led two or three days, found himfelf fo tormented and weak-
ened by his Wounds, that being near theSeit of the Earl of
^ftfTw^r^, whbfe Lieutenant- Colonel he had been in the^be-
ginmng of theWarJ^ and being well known to his Lady, he
chofe' to commit himfelf r 6 Her rather than to her Husband ;
hoping that in honour fli^ would have found fome means to
preferve him. But the. Lady had only charity to cure his
Wounds, not courageno conceal his Perfon^ and fuch Ad-
veriifemcnts were given of him, that aCfoon as he was fit to

Z -' be

{

OftbeRehellion^Sac. 447

be rcmov'd, he wis likewife fent to the Tower, and deftin'd Middi«on
to be ftcrificed by the High Court of Julttce together with frlplnl^^
Middkim^ for the future fecurity of the Common-wealth. rw TnLr^

But now the Presbyterian intereft ihew'd it felf,and doubt- depgn*d t,
left in cnterprifes of this Nature was very powerful j hav-^''^'^^^
ing in all places Perfbns devoted to them, who were ready J^j^i^^^
to obey their Orders, though they did not pretend to be of
their Party. And the time Approaching that they were fure
MfddUt9n was to be tried, that is, to be executed, they gave
Dim fo good and particular Advcrtifemenr, that he took his
leave of his Friends in the Tower, and made his Efcape ^ and MidcDecoa
having Friends enough to fhelter him in Landon^ after he had*^*^" f"*'
Concealed himfclf there a Fortnight or three Weeks, that the YiSnct*
diligence of the firft examination and enquiry was over, he
was &fely Tranfported into Frsnce, And within few days af-
ter, Mnjpy had the fatne good fortune, to the grief and vcxa- '^^^^
Hon of the very foal of CrwnweU-y who thirfltti for the blood '^''^''
of thofe two Pcrfons.

When MiddUion c%mt to the Kingto P<fw, he brought ;;^^ ***•*''
With him a little Scotift) Vicar, who was known to the K.ing,^,^^'°
one M»" Knox^ who brought Letters of credit to his Majefty,^* K^n^ ^
and fome Propolitioh from his Friends in Scotland^ and other * Scomih
Difpatches frofti the Lords in the Tower, with whom he had 5^^jj{''^'
Conferr'd after MiddUtm had efcaped from thence. He brought hnugi^hh
the relation of the terror that Was ftruck into the hearts oibim.
that whole Nation by the fevere proceedings of General
Monk J to whofe care Cromwell had committed the Reduction
bf that Kingdom, upon the taking of Dundee^ where Perfons
bf all Degrees and Qualities were put to the Sword after the
Town was entered, and all left to plunder ; upon which all
Other places renjder'd. All Men complained of the Marquis of
Argjh^ who profecuted the King's Friends with the utmoi(
malice, and protedted and preferv'd the reft according to his
defire. He gave the King atliirancc from the moft confider-
able Perfons, who had retired into the High-landSj "That
«* rhey would never fwerve from their duty ; and that they
. ^ would be able, during the Winter^ to infell the Enemy by
« incurfions into rheir Quarters ; and that, if Middleton mighc
*• be fent to them with (bme fupply of Arms, they would
•^have ail Army ready againlt the Spring, ftrong enough to
** meet with Monk. He laid, " He was AddreflTed from ScoU
^Anu/to the Lords in the Tower, who did not then knoW
**that Middleton had arriv'd in fafety with the King; and
** therefore they had commanded him, if neither Muidletony
** nor the Lord Newlurgh were about his Majetty, that thcfl
•■^be Uiould repair to the Marquis oi Ormond^ and defird
**hino to prcfcnt him to the King; but that, having found

G g X "both

448 TheHiliory Book XIII.

^ both thofe Lords there, he had made no &rther Applica-

<^ tioD Chan to them, who had brought him to his Majefty*

Th9 Rei^Hejls He told the King, << That both thofe in Scotland^ and thofe ia

*V^^% " ^^ Tower, made it their humble requeft, or rather a con-

Vml, " dition to his Majefty j that, except it were granted, thcjr

" would no more tnink of fcrving his Majefty : the condition

*< was, that whatever (hould have relation to his Service in

" Scotland^ and to Their Ferfons who were to venture their

** lives in it, might not be communicated to the Queen, the

** Duke of Buckingham^ the Loxdjermyn^ or the Lord Wii-

" mot. They profefled all duty to the Queen, but they knew

"file had too good an opinion of the Marquis of jirgyle^

<^ who would infallibly come to know whatever was known

, "to either of the other.

The King did not expedt that any notable Service could

be perform^ by his Friends in Scotland for his Advantage^

or their own Redemption ^ yet did not think it fit to fcem to

undervalue the Profeflions, and Overtures of thofe who had^

during his being amongft them, made all poflible demonftra-

tion of Afiedtion, and duty to him ^ and therefore refolv'd to

grant any thing they delired; and fo promifed not to commu*

nicate any thing of what they propoled to the Queen, or the

other three Lords. But (ince they propofed prefent Dif-

patches to be made of Commiffions, and Letters, he wiihed

them to confider, whom they would be willing to truft in

the performing that Service. The next day they attended his

Majefty again, and deGr'd, " That all matters relating to Scot*

^^ land might be confulted by his Majefty with the Marquis

The King «of Orwo»^, the Lord New^urghy and the Chancellor of the

ThancHurrf^^ Exchequer^ and that all the Difpatches might be made by

The Exehe- ^^ the Chancellory which the King confented co^ and bid the

qiterte make l/^rd Newhurgh go with them to him, and let him know

^^ ^^f- his Majcfty's pleafure. And thereupon the Lord Newhurgh

srodand. ^rouffht Middleton to the Chancellor j who had never feen his

face before.
The HidT^ The Marquis of Ormondj and the Chancellor of the £x-
9»ifo/0r. chequer, believ'd that the King had nothing at this time^to
xnondv W Jq but to be quiet, and carefully avoid doing any thing that

hr'slTinion "^^g^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^y ^^^ t® cxpcfl: fome bleSed conrundture
foacernm^ from the Amity of Chriftian Princes, or fome fuch Kevolu-
th€\Ksng*s tion of Affairs in England by their own Difcontents, and Di-
..iffmrs at yifions amon^ themfelves, as might make it feafonable for
t utnme. ^-^ Majefty again to (hew himfelf. And therefore they pro-
pofed nothing CO themfelves but patiently to expedt one of
thofe conjunctures, and, in the mean time, fo to behave them*
felvcs to the Queen, that without being received into her truft
and confidence, which cbey did not a9ed,.tbey might enioy

her

^

Of the ReMliorty &c. 449

her Grace and good Acceptation. But the defignation of them
Co the Sc9t^ Intrigue, crofled all this imagination, and f hook
that foundation of Peace and Tranquillity, upon which they
had railed their prefent hopes.

The Chancellor therefore went prefently to the King, and 77if c/i4n-
belbaghc him with earneftnefs, ** That he would not lay that '^^^ •/ '*"
•* Burden upon him, or engage him in any part of the Uoun- ^^nr^^Z
Tela of that People. He puc his Majefty m mind of ^ The K^ng npt u
''continued avowed jealoufy, and difplcafure, which that whole ^F^*y bim
" Party in that Nation had ever had againft him ; and that 'V'^'J^?^'
« his Majefty very well knew, that thofe Noble Perfons who '*** •^'"''"
fervM him beft when he was in ScetianJ, and in whofe Af-
^'fefiion and fidelity he had all poflible fatisfadtion, had
^fixne prejudice agamft him, and would be troubled when
^they inould hear that all their Secrets were committed to
•Him. tie told his Majefty, this Truft would for everde-
•prive him of all hope of the Queen's Favour ; who could
•not but difcern it within three or four days, and, by the

• frcjquent refort of the Sc&tijb Vicar to him (who hacl the
Vanity to defire long conferences with him) ^ That there was

• Ibme Secret in hand which was kept from Her ^ and (he

• would as eafily difcover, that the Chancellor was privy to
•it, by his reading Papers to his Majefty, and his Signing

• chem ^ and would from thence conclude, that He had per-

• (waded him to exclude her Majefty from that Truft j wnich
•Ihe would never forgive. Upon the whole, he renew'd
his- importunity, ^^ That he might be excufed ftom this con-
•jBdence.

The Kin^ heard him with patience and attention enough ; The a^m^v
and cbnfefled, "That he had reafon not to be foUicitous for «?<?"• ^'»»-
^ that Employment j but he wifhed him to confider withal,
^clut he mult either undertake it, or that his Majefty muiC
<<in plain terms rejedl the Correfpondence ; which, he faid,
^ he thought he would not advife him to do. It his Ma-
^ jefty entertained it, it could not be imagined that all thofe
^ TranfaOions could pafs through his own hand, or, if they
^ could, his being ihut up fo long alone would make the
"fame difcovery. Whom then fhould he truft? The Lord
^ Newiurgh^ it was very true, was a very honeft Man, and
^ worthy of any Truft j but he was not a Counfellor, and no-
^ thing could be fo much wonder'd at, as his frequent being
^Qiut up with him; and more, his bringing any Papers to
^him to be fign'd. As to the general prejudice which he
" conceiv'd was againft him by that Party, his Majefty told
him,* " The Nation was much altered fince he had to do with
" them, and that no Men were better lov'd by them now than
" They who had from the beginning been fiuthful to his Fa^

Ggs «ther.

J

4 JO • :The Bifiory Book XIIT:

" ther, and Himfelf. To which he added, that MMkt^n
^had the lead: in him, of any infirmities mod incident to
^ that Party, that he knew ; and that he would find him a
<^ Man of great Honour and Ingenuity with whom he would
« be well pleafcd.. His Majefty faid, " He would frankly declare
" to ^s Mother, that he had received fome Intelligence out
^of Sc9tUnd^ and that he was obliged, and had given his
« word to thofe whofe Lives would be forfeited if known,
<<that he would not communicate it with any but thofe
** who were chofen by themfelves ; and, after this, (he could
*^ not be offended with his rcfervation : And concluded with
a gracious Conjuration and Command to the Chancellor^
** Th^t he (hould chearfiiily fubmir, and undergo that Em-
*^ ployment ^ which, he aflured him, fhould never be attended
n# thAti- w with prejudice or inconvenience to him. In this manner,
ceUorfuk' |jg fubmittcd himfelf to the King's difpofal, and was trufted
ZluIcJlrd- throughout that Aflfair^ which had feveral Stages in the years
snjij rrM/ftfi following, and did produce the inconvenieficies he had fore^
inthefcJf' feen, and rendered him fo unacceptable to the Queen, that llie
/4ir/. ^f^ij jntcrtaui'd thofe prejudices a^inft him, which thofe flic
moft trufted were alway« ready to infufe into her, and under
which he was compelled to bear mauy hardlhips.
Thi Tnw . This uncomfortable Condition of the King was rendered
kUs of she yet morc defperate, by the Streights, and Neceffities, into
VJuHobout ^^*^^ ^he French Court was about this time plunged : Sio that
thktime!* they who hitherto had fliew'd no very good will to aflift the
King, were now become really unable to do it. The Par-
liament of Paris had behaved themfelves fo refradorily to all
their King's Commands, prefled fo importunately for the Li-
berty of the Princes, and fo impatiently for the remove of
the Cardinal, that the Cardinal was at laffc compeU'd to per-
fwade the Queen to confent to both : And fo himfelf rid to
Havre de Grace, and delivered the Queen's Warrant to fet
them at Liberty, and after a fhort Conference with the Prince
of Cond^y he continued his own Journey towards Germany,
and pafled io difguife, with two or three Servants, till he came
near Cologne, and there he remain'd at a Houfe belonging to
that Eleftor.

W HE N the Princes came to Varis, they had receiv'd great
welcome from the Parliament, and the City j and inftead of
clofing with the Court, which it was thought they would have
done, the Wound was wid^n'd without any hope of recon-
ciliation: So that the King and Queen Regent, withdraw
from thence; the Town was in Arms; and Fire and Sword
denounced againft the Cardinal ; his Goods fold at an Outcry ;
and a price let upon his Head ; and all Perfons who profefled
any Duty to their King, found themfelves very unlafe in

P^rif.

Of the Rebellion^ Sec. 4.yx

Taris. During all this time the Queen of EftgldrnJ and the King)
with their Families, remain'd in the Louvre , not knowing
whither €0 go, nor well able to itay there ^ the Aflignments,
which had been made for their Subriilence, not being paid
them : And the loofe People of the Town begun to talk of the
Duke of TorFs being in Arms againd them. But the Duke
of OrlesMs^ under whofe name all the diforders were commit-
ted, and the Prince oiconde^ vificed our King and Queen
With many Profedions of Civility ; but thofc were Iborcly
abated likewife, when the French King's Army catr.c upon
one fide of the Town, and the Spanifh, with the Duke of
Lorrame% upon the other. The French Army thought they
had the Enemy upon an advantage, and defir'd to have a
Battle with them ; which the other declin'd ; all which time,
the Court had an underhand Treaty with the Duke of Ler^
rmme -y and, upon a day appointed, the French King fent to
the King of EngUnd^ to deiire him to confer with the Duke
of Lorraine y who lay then with his Army wicliin a Mile of
the Town. There was no reafon vifible for that defire, nor
could ic be conceiv'd, that his Majciiy's interpoficion could be
jof moment : yet . his Majefty knew not how to refufe it, but
inimediat^ly went to the place aflign'd ^ where he found both
Armies drawn up in Battalia within Cannon ihot of each
other. Upon his Majedy's coming to the Duke of Lorraine^
the Treaty was again re viv'd, and Meflages fent between the
]>uke and Marlbal Turenne, In fine, the Night approaching,
both Armies drew ofi* from their ground, and his Majefty re-
turn'd to the Louvre , and before the next Morning , the
Treaty was finifh'd between the Court and the Duke of Lor*
xnme^ and he marchM away with his whole Army towards
FlsnderSy and tefc the Spawsrds to fupport the Parliament
againft the Power of the French Army ; which advanced upon
them with that Refolution, that, though they defended them-
feives very bravely, and the Prince of Conde did the Office
cf a brave General in the Fauxhurg St Marceaux, and at the
Port & Antome, in which places many gallant Perfons of both
fides were ilain, they had been all cut o% if the City had
not been prevail'd with to fufier them to retire into it ^ which
they had no mind to do. And thereupon the King's Army
retird to their old Pott , four Leagues off', and attended fu-
ture advantages : The King having a very great Party in the
Parliament and the City, which abhorr'd the receiving and
. entertainmg the Spaniards into their bowels.

This Retreat of the Duke oiLarraine^ broke the neck of
the Prince of Cond^s defign. He knew well he Ihould not
be long able to retain the Duke of Orleans from treating
with the Court, or keep the Parifians at his Dcvotiop j and

Gg 4. ih»t

i^.Sz The Hiftory Book XIIL

that the Duke i§ BiM^rt^ whom they had made Goveraour
of ParU^ would be weary of the Contention. For the pre-
fent, they were all incenfed againft the Duke of Lprraiwe ^
and were well enough contented that the People fliould be«
lieve, that this deiettion in the Duke was wrought by the
adivity, and interposition pf the King of England ; and they
who did know that his Intercft could not have produced that
ttkik^ Cduld not tell how to interpret his Majefty'sjourpey
Co fpeak with the Duke in fo unfeafonable a conjundiure : fo
tiiaty as the People expreCIed, and ufed all the infolent re-
proaches againft the Englijh Court at the Louvre^ and loudly
threaten'd to be reveng'd, fo neither the Duke of Orleans^
nor the Prince of c^fM made any vi(it there, or exprelTed
the lealt Civility towards it. In truth, out King and Queen
did not think diemfelves out of danger, nor (tirred out of
the Louvre for many days, until the French Court thought
themfelves obliged to provide for their Security, by advihng
the King and Queen to remove, and adign'd Sc Germain^ s to
them for their Retreat. Then his Majelty fent to the Duke
n# J^tf rf of Orleans^ and Prince of Conde^ '< That their purpofe was to
England u leave the Town : upon which there was a Guard that at-
MMTiwMt- tended them out of the Town in the evening; which could
tiTsToti* not be got to be in readinefs till then ; and they were fliortly
InainV. after met by fome Troops of Horfe fent by the French King,
which condu(3ed them by Torch-ilight tp S^ Germain s^
where they arrived about midnight; and remained there
without any difturbance, till Paris was reduced to that King^s
Obedience.

I T is a very hard thing for People who have nothing to
do, to forbear doing fpmediing which they ought not to do;
and the King might well hope that, Hnce he kad nothing elfe
left to enjoy, he might have enjoy'd (juiet and repofe; and
chat a Court which had nothing to ^ive, might have been
free from Fadtionand Ambition; whilft every Man hadcom-

Efed himfelf to bear the ill fortune he was reduced to for
>n(cience fake, which every Man pretended to be his cafe,
with fubmidion and content, till it Qiould pleafe God to buoy
up the King from the lownefs he was in ; who in truth fur-
fer'd much more than any Body elfe. But whilft there are
Courts in the World, £mulationand Ambition will be infe-

K Table from them ; and Kings who have nothing to give,
ail be prefled to promifc ; which oftentimes proves more
inconvenient and mifchicvous than any prefent gifts could be.
becaufe they always draw on more of the &mp title , and
pretence ; and as they who receive the Favours^ are not the
more fatisfied, fo they who are not paid in the iame kind, or
who, out of mode(ly and difcretion^ forbear to make fuch Suits,

are

OftheRehellioHy &c. 4-^5

ire gricv'd and ofiended to fee the vanity and prefumption of
bold Men, (b unieafonabiy gratified and encouraged.

The King found no benefit of this kind, in being ftripp'd
of aJi his Dominions, and all his Power. Men were as im-
portunate, as hath been faid before, for Honours, and Offices, Stiiidts-
«nd Revenues, as if they could have taken podeflion of them '^'"'-^'^ ,
aflbon as they had been granted, though but by promife : C^Xv*
and Men who would not have had the prcfumption to have cwt.
ask'd the fame thing, if the King had been in England, thought
it very juiiifiable to demand it, becaufe he was not there^
fince there were fo many hazards that they fhould never live
to enjoy what he promiied. The vexations he underwent of
this kind, cannot be expreflcd ^ and whofoever fucceeded not
in his unreafonable dehres imputed it only to the ill Nature
of the Chancellor of the Exchequer j and concluded, that He
alone obilrudted it, becaufe they always receiv'd very grar
dous Anfwers from his Majefty : fo that though his wants
were as vifible and notorious as any Man's, and it appeared
Se got nothing for himfelf, he paid very dear in his peace and
qaiet for the credit, and interelt he was thought to have with
his Mafter.

The Lord Wlmot had, by the opportunity of his late Con-
veriation with the King in his Efcape, drawn many kind ex-
preOions fi^om his Majelty ; and he thought he could not be
coo fbllicitous to procure fuch a Teftimony of his Grace and
Favour, as might diltingnifli him from orher Men, and pub-
lilh the efteem the King had of him. Therefore he impor-
tuned his Majelhr that he would make him an Earl, referring
Che time of his Qreation to his Majelty's own choice : And
the modeftv of this reference prevsul'd; the King well know-
injg, that the fame Honour would be defir'd on the behalf
Qtanother, by one whom he ihould be unwilling to deny.
But fince it was not ask'd for the prefenr, he promifed to
do it in a time that (liould appear to be convenient for his
bervice.

There were Projefls of another kind, which were much
more troublefome; in which the Projectors itill confider'd
therofelves in the firfl place, and what their condition might
prove to be by the Succefs. The Duke of fdr^ was fo well
pleafed with the fatigue of the War, that he thought his con-
dition'very agreeable; but his Servants did not like that courfe
of Life fo well, at leaft defied foiar to improve it, that they
mi^t reap fome Advantages to themfelves out of His ap-
pomtments. S^John Bnkiey was now, upon the death ofj^f^^g
the Lord Byron, by which the Duke was depriv'd of a very Byron, rib#
good Servant, become the fuperior of his Family^ and call'd /><«'« Gt-

himfei^ without any Authority for it, Intiwd^m das ^Mir$i 'T^*^*

de

4.^4 The Hiftory Book XIIL

defan Alujfi Roy ale j had the management of all hi^ Receipts
and Disburfements j and all the reft depended upoa him*, rie
defiled, by all ways, to get a better Revenue for his Mafter,
than the {mall Penlion he receiv'd from France y and Thought
no expedient fo proper for him, as a Wife of a great and
noble Fortune^ which he prefumed he (hould have the ma-
naging of.

There was then a Lady in the Town, MddemoifiUe de
LoftgueviUe^ the Daughter of the ]>uke de L^nguevilie by his
5 rft Wife, by whom (he was to inherit a very fair Revenue,
and had title to a very confiderable Sum of Money, which her
Father was obliged to account for.:. Co that (he was look'd
upon, as one of the greaceft and richcft Marriages in France^
in refoeft of her Fortune; in rcfpedt of her Perfon not at all
^ir John attractive, being a Lady of a very low Stacure, and that Sta-
Bcrkley de^ ture fomewhat deform'd. This Lady S' Jokn defign'd for the
/r^ff/Made Duke^ and treated with thofe Ladies who were nearelt to
nooifelle dc jj^fj and had been trufted with the Education of her, before
V^Ur the^'^ mentioned it to his Royal Highnefs. Then he pcrfwadcd
xvii^V«f/>.hini, "That all hopes in £»^/tf»^ were defperace : That the
" Government was fo fettled there, that it could never be
5^ ihaken ; fo that his Highnefs muft thiiik of no other Forcune
<' than what he Qiould make by his Sword : That he was now
*^ upon the Stage where he muft aft out his Life, and that he
" ihould do weU to think of providing a Civil Fortune for him-
'^ felf, as well as a Martial ; Which could only be by Marriages
and then fpoke of MademotfeUe de LdngueviUej and made
her Fortune at leaft equal to what it was; "Which, he faid,
" when once his Highnefs was po&efied of, he might iell ; and
*^ thereby raif? Money to pay an Army to Invade Eng/andy
" and fo might become the Reftorer of the King his Brother :
''this hejthought very pra(3dcable, if his Highnefs ferioufly
"and heartily would endeavour it. The Duke himfelf had
no averfion from Marriage, and the confideration of the For-
tune, and the circumttance which might attend ir, made . it
not the lefs acceptable ; yet he made no other Anfwer to it,
" Than that he muft firft know the King's and Queen's ydg-
" ment of it, before he could take any refolution what to do-
Upon which S<" John undertook, with his Highnefs's appro-
bation, to propofe it to their Majefties himfelf, and accord-
ingly firft (poke with the Queen, enlarging on all the benefit
which probably might attend it.

I T was believed, that the firft Overture and Attempt had
not been made without her Majefty's privity, and approba-
tion; for the Lord Jermyn had been no lefs aaive in the con-
trivance than Sr John Berkley : yet her Majefty refiifed to de-
Kver any opinion in ir, till (lie knew the King's : and fo at

laft.

f

Of the Rehelliofiy &c. i^^f

bft, after the voqng Lady her felf had been fpoken to, his
Majefty was idorm'd of it, and his approbation delir'd; with
which he was not well pleafed ^ and yet was unwilling to ufe
his Authority to obitru<^ what was looked upon as fo great a
benefit and advantage to his Brother ^ though he did not dii-
femble his Refentment of their Prefumpcion who undertook
to enter upon Treaties of that Nature, with the fame liberty
as if it concern'd only their own Kindred and Allies: How-
prer, he was very rcferv'd in laying what he thought of it.
Whilft his Majefty was in deliberation, all the ways were
taken to difcoVer what the Chancellor of the Exchequer's
judgment was ^ and the Lord Jermyn fpoke to him of it, as
% matter that would not admit any doubt on the King's jJart,
othcrwife than from the difficulty of bringing it to pals, in
regard the Lady's Friends would not ealily bd induced to give
their confent. But the Chancellor could not be drawn to
make any other Anfwer, than ^^That it was a Subject fo much
" above his comprehenfion, and the confequences might be
" fijch, that he had not the Ambition to dcfire to be confulted
^ with upon it \ and that lefs than the King's or Queen's Com-
^Tnandihould not induce him to enter upon the difcourfe
« of it.

It was not long before the Queen fcnt for him ; and feem- the Shieen
iog to complain of the importunity, which was ufed towards ^'"^"''"^'^'^
her in that affair, and as if it were not grateful to her, ask'd tl'l^^xch^
him, what his opinion of it was ? To which he anfwer'd, t^^er ahtnt
" That he did not underrtand the convenience of it fo well, as the hUr-
*■ to judge whether it were like to be of benefit to the DukC'^^*^-
^oflork: But he thought, that neither the King, nor her
*^ Majefty, (hould be willing that the Heir of the Crown
' (hould be Married before the King himfelf; or that it fhould
be in any Woman's power to fay, that if there were but
one Perfon dead, (lie Ihould be a Queen ; With which her
Majefty, who no doubt did love the King with all poflible
tcndernefs, feem'd to be mov'd, as if it had been a confi-
deration ihe had not thought of before; and faid, with
fome warmth, " That (he would never give her confent that
** it (hould be fo. However, this Argument was quickly made
known to the Duke of Tork^ and fcveral glofifes made upon it,
to the reproach of the Chancellor; yet it made fuch an im-
pre(Iion, that there was then as adtive endeavours to find a
convenient Wife for the King himfelf, and MademoifeUe the Madcmoi-
Daughter of the Duke q{ Orleans, by his firft Wife, who, infclle/x^jr-
the Right of her Mother, was already pofleflTed of the fair in- ^/'/j;'"^ ,
heritance of the Dutchy oi Mompevjier^ was thought of. To /q^,-,/^,
this the Queen was much inclined, and the King himfelf not
averfe ; both looking too much upon the relief it might give

to

U

i-SS tbemjlory Book XIII.

to his prefimt neceffides, and the convenience of having a

place to repofe in, as long as the dorm (hould continue. The

Chancellor of the Exchequer had no thought, by the conclu-

lion he had made in the other Overture, to have drawn on

this Propofition ; and the Marquis of Ormond and He were

no lefs troubled with this, than with the former^ which made

them to be look'd upon as Men of contradidlion.

Tkt lidrqiM They reprefented to the King, ** That, as it could admi-

mood"/ and ""^^^^ ^^Y ^^^^ Competency towards his prefent fiibQftence,

t^chaneeU " ^ ^^ might exceedingly prejudice his future hopes, and alie-

im^ •f the ^^ nace the AfieOions of his Friends in EB^land : That the Lady

Mxcke^iiur's « was elder than He by fome years ^ which was an exception

•**?''•"' " amongft private Perions ; and had been obferv'd not to be

^4sii^ tm. „ profperQus ^q IfJm^s : That his Maicity muft expeft to be

<^ preued to thofe thmgs in point of Religion which he could
<* never confent to; and yet he fliould undergo the fame dit-
<^ advantage as if he had confented, by many Men's believing
*^ he had done Co. They befought him " To fet his heart en-
^ tirely upon the recovery of Engiawdj and to indulge to no*
<c thing that might reafonably obltrudt: that, either by making
^<him lefs intent upon it, or by creating new difficulties in
« the purfuing it. His Majefty aflur^d them "That his heart
^ was (et upon nothing elfe ; and if he had inclination to this
<< Marriage, it was becaufe he believ'd it might much &cili-
<« tate the other : That he look'd not upon her Fortune, which
^ was very great, as an Annual fupport to him, but as a flock
<^ that fliould be at his difpofal ; by Sale whereof he might
« raife Money enough to raife a good Army to attempt the
<< recovery of his Kingdoms ; and that he would be well at
"fured, that it fliould be in his power to make that ufe of it,
« before he would be engaged in the Treaty : That he had no
<^ apprehenfion of the prefwres which would be made in mat-
«ters of Religion, becaufe, if the Lady did once confent to
" the Marriage, ftie would afie<a nothing but what might ad-
"vance the recovery of his Dominions; which flie would
<< quickly underftand any unreafonable Conceflions in Reli-
*^ gion could never do. In a word, his Majefty difcover'd
enough to let them fee that he ftood well enough inclined to
the Overture it felf ; which gave them trouble, as a thing
which, ^ in many refpedb, was like to prove very inconve-
nient.

But they were quickly freed from that apprehenfion. The
Lady carried her felf in that manner, on the behalf of the
Prince of Condey and fo oflenfively to the Fremb Court, hav-
ing given fire her (elf to the Cannon in the Baftile upon the
iGng at the Fort St Anteiney and done fo many blameable
things againft the Frtncb King and Queen, that they no (boner

heard

Of the ReheUion^ &c. 4.^7

heard of tHb dUcourfe, but chey quickly put an end to it;
the Cardinal, who was now returned again, having long rc-
fblv'd that our King Qiould never owe any part of his Refti-
cution to any countenance, or afliltance, he ihould receive
firom France'^ and, from the fame conclulion, the like end ^•'^ ''"/^
was put to all Overtures which had concerned the Duke of ^^fii'^f*^
r9rk and the other Lady. " "•''"^•

There was, fhordy after, an unexpedled Accident, that
feem'd to make Ibme alterations in the afiairs oichriftendom ;
which many very realonably believ'd, might have prov'd ad-
vantageous to the King. The Parliament, aflbon as they
had tettled their Common-wealth, and had no Enemy they
fear'd, had fent EmbaQadours to their SKter Republick, the 7ii« VdriiA^
States of the united Provinces, to invite them to enter into JSl^"*
a ftridler Alliance with them, and, upon the Matter, to be as (Uwst^
one Commonwealth, and to have one Incereit. They were Holland r»
receiv'd in Holland with all imaginable refpedt, and as gxczainvttethem
Expreflions made, as could be, of an equal delire that a tirm *^^^^^
Union might be efhibliOi'd between the two Common- sa^inr^olm
wealths : and, for the forming thereof^ Perfbns were appoints yeing tbt
ed to treat with the Embailadours j which was look'd upon as ^^/^
a matter that would eatily fucceed, fince tlie Prince of Orange^
who could have given powerful obltru&ion in fuch Cafes,
was Qow dead, and all thofe who adher'd to him, difcounte-
nanced, and removed from places of truft and power in all the
Provinces, and his Son an Infant, born after the Death of his
Father, at the Mercy of the States even for his Support ;
the two Dowagers, nis Mother and Grandmother ^ having

Seat Joyntures out of the Eflate, and the relt being liable to
e payment of vaft debts. In the Treaty, Satnt-John^ who
had the whole truft of the Embady, being very powerful in
the Parliament, and the known conhdent ofcromwiliy prefled
fiich a kind of Union as muft difunite them from all their
other Allies .- fo that, for the friendfliip of Emgland^ they muft
lofe the friendfhip of other Princes, and yet Tofe many other
Advantages in Trade, which they enjoy'd, and which they
iaw the younger and more powerful ComnK)n-wealth would
in a fiiort time deprive them of. This the States could not
digeft, and ufed all the ways they could to divert them from
inhfting upon fo unreafonablc conditions^ and made many-
large Overtures and Concedions, which had never been grant-
ed by them to the greateft King's, and were willing to quit
fome Advantages they had enjoyed by all the Treaties with
the Crown of England^ and to yield other coniiderable bene-
fits which they always before denied to grant.

But this would not fatisfV, nor would the Embafladoura
recede from any particular tney had propofed : io that, Sxt •

fome

4-50 The Hifhry Book XIII.

Fleets were forthwith engaged in a very fierce Encounter ^
which continued for the fp^ce of four hours , till the niehc
parted them, after the lois of much blood on both fides. On
the part of the Dutchy they loft two Ships, whereof one wa«
fiink, and the other taken, with both the Qiptains, and near
two hundred Prifoners. OnthejE>r§/^fide, there were many
Qain, and .more wounded, hut no Ship loft, nor Officer of
Name. When the morning appeared, vci^ Butch were gone
to their Coaft. And thus the War was enter'd into, before
it was fufpefled in England,

With what confideration foever the Dutch had Embark'd

themfelves in this fuddain Enterprife, it quickly appear'd they

had taken very ill meafures of the People's Affcoions. For

the News of this conflidt was no fooner arriv'd in Holland,

but there was the moft general confternation, amongft all

forts of Men, that can be imagined ^ and the States themfelves

were fo much troubled at it, that, with great expedition, they

TheStdtes difpatched two extraordinary Embafladours into England ^ by

fnd tw whom they protefted, ** That the late unhappy Engagement

^f^^iito ^ between the Fleets of the two Common-wealths, had bap-

EngrMd' " pc*^'^ without their knowledge, land contrary to the ihten-

dkout it, " tion of the Lords the States General : that they had received

<<the fatal tidings of (b ra(h an Attempt, and A<^on,with

<< amazement, andaftonifliment; and that they had immedi-

<<ately entered into confultation, how tbeymig^tbeft clofe

«* this frelh bleeding Wound, and to avoid the further Effii-

<^ fion of Chriftian blood, fo much ddir'd by the Enemies of

<* both States : and therefore they moft earneftly defir'd them^ .

<^ by their mutual concurrence in Religion, and by their mu-

<*tual love of Liberty, that nothing might be done with pat

^^'fion and heat ; which would widen the breach^ but that

** they might fpeedily receive fuch an Anfwer , that there

^< might be no fiirther obftrudtion to the Trade of both Com*

*^ mon-wealths.

T»e PatUx- " T o which this Anfwer was prefently returned to them^

nww*/ ^».w That the civility which they bad always Diew'd towards the

fi^ t9 "States of the United Provinces, was fo notorious, that no-

t^em. ci thing was more ftrange than the ill return they had made to

"them : that the extraordinary preparations, which they had

"made, of a hundred and fifty Ships, without any apparent

<' neceftiry , and the Inftrudlions which had been given to

"their Sea-Officers, had adminifter'd too much caule to bc-

" lieve, that the Lords the Stares General of the United Pro-

<' vinces had a purpofe to ufurp the known Right which the

". EnMh have to the Seas, and to deftroy their Fleets ; whidu

"under the protedbion of the Almighty, are their Walls and

"Bulwarks^ fo that they might be expoied to the iUvafionof

i

Of the ReheUioUy &c. 4.61

^ Any powerful Enemy : therefore they thought themfelves
<' obliged to endeavour, by God's Ailiitance, to feek repara-
^' cion for the injuries and damage they had already receiv'd^
<^ and to prevent the like for the future : However , they
^^ ihould never be without an intention and defire, that fome
^ efiedual means might be found to eitablilh a good Peace,
^ Union, and right Underftanding, between the two Naci-
^qns.

With this haughty Anfwer they vigorouily profecuted
their revenge, and commanded Blake prefently to Sail to the
Northward : it being then the Seafon of the year for the great
Fifheries of the Dutch upon the Coafts of Scotland^ and the
Ifles of Orkwey ( by the benefit whereof they drive a great BlaJ^e r^^M
part of their Trade over JSiir^ ) where he now found their ^*«''/A«»r .
multitude of filhing Boats, guarded by twelve Ships of Warj^J^'J^
molt of which, With the fiih they had made ready, be brought ^,^J. "^
away with him as ^jf^oA prize.

When BUke was fent to the North, Sr Gtorgjt Ay/cue^ be-
ing juft retum'd from the Weit Indies, was fent with another
partof the Fleet to the South; who, at his very going our^
met with thirty Sail of their Merchants between Dover and Sr c. AyC-
Ca/dss'y a good part whereof he took, or funk j and forced the <»« ^^* r
reft to run on Shore upon the French Coalt j which is very-^^^'^O"^*''
iittle better than being taken. From thence he Itood Weft- ^Jchantf :
ward y' and near Pfymoufh, with thirty Sail of Men of Wslt^ fights the '
he engaged the v/holt Dutch Fleer, coniilting of Sixty Ships of Dufc^^ f'**'
War, and thirty Merchants. Ic was near four of the Clock ^"^^ ^^y*
in the Afternoon when both Fleets begun to engage, fo that"***"'*'
the hiight quickly parted them j yet not before two of the
HJUtiaShips of War- were funk, and molt of the Men loft;
the Dutch m that Adtion applying themfelves moft to fpoil
the Tackling, and Sails of the E?igli(h ; in which they had
fo good (iicceu;, that the next Morning they were not able to
give them farther chafe, till their Sails and Rigging could be
repaired. But no day pafled without the taking and bringing
in many and valuable Dx^/^ib Ships into the Ports of England;^
which, having begun their Voyages before any notice given
to them of the War, were making haftchome without any fear
of their Security : fo that , there being now no hope of a
l^eaceby the mediation of their Embafladours, who could not
prevail in any thing they propofed, they returned; and the
War viras proclaim'd on either fide, as well as profecuted.

The kiiig thought he might very reafonably hope to reap
feme benefit arid advantage from this War, fo briskly entered
upon on both fides ; and when he had fate (till till the return
GftheD»^fi6£mbafIadours from Loudon^ and that all Trea-
ties werejgiven over, he bcliev'd it might contribute to his

Vol. IIL Parti. Hh ends.

4-61 The tiijiory Book XIIL

ends, if he made a Journey into Hottandy and made fuch Pro-

Eoficions upon the place as he might be advifed to : but when
is Majefty imparted this deliga to his Friends there , who
did really defire to fervc him, he was very warmly diflwaded
from coming thither ; and aflured, " That it was fo far from
" being yet (cafonable, that it would more advance a Peace
^ than any thing elfe that could be propofed j and would , for
** the prclent, bring the greatcit prejudice to his Sifter, and to
"the affairs of his Nephew the Prince of Or ange^ that could
** be imagin'd.
thi KJfts ^ The Khig hereupon took a refolutionto make an attempt
Paris /»r»/»»- whieli could 6o him no harm, if it did not produce the good
^nJ^^X ^^ '^^fir^^- The Dutch Embaffadour then relident at Fark^
{^TDacch Monlieur Borrel^ who had been Penfioner of Amfterdavi^ was
BmkaffA- very much devoted to the King's Service, having been for-
d^w tiuu bt merly Embafladour in England^ and had always dependence
V^iJ*^^ upon the Prince of Orange fuccellively. • He communicated
9ith\hXs. ^^ ^ things with great freedom with the Chancellor of the
* Exchequer; who vilited him conftanrly once a Week, and
receiv'd Advertifements, and Advices from him, and the Em-
bafl&dour frequently came to His Lodging. The King, upon
conference only with the Marquis of Ormovd^ and the Chan-
cellor , and enjoyning them fecrecy, caufed a Paper to be
drawn up j in which he declared, " jhat he had very good rea-
** fon to believe, that there were many Officers and Sea-men
" engaged in the Service of the Engiijh Fleet, who under-
^^took that Service in hope to find a good opportunity to
*• ferve his Majefty ; and that, if the Dutch were willing to
" receive him, he would immediately put himfelf on board their
" Fleet, without requiring any Command, except of fuch Ships
"only, as, upon their notice of his being there, fliould re-
"pair to him out of the Rebels Fleet : by this means, he pre-
fum'd, "He (hould be able much to weaken their Naval power,
"and to raifeDiviiions in the Kingdom, by which the Dutch
" would receive benefit and advantage. Having fign'd this
Paper, he fent the Chancellor with it open, to (hew to the
Dutch Embafladour, and to deiire him to fend it enclofed in
his Letter to the States. The Embafladour was very much
furprifed with ir, and made Ibme fcruple of fending it, left he
might be (yfpeded to have advifed it. For they were ex-
tremely jealous ot him for his Affedtion to the King, and for
his dependence upon the Houfe of Orange. In the end, he
dcfired '• The King would enciofe it in a letter to him, and
" oblige him to fend it to the States General : which was
done accordingly ; and he fent it by the Poft to the States.

The War had already made the Councils of the States
Icfs united than they had been, and the Party that was. known

t©

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 4.63

CO be indined to the Prince of Orangey recoverM courage,

and joyn'd wich thofe who were no Friends co the War ^ and,

when this MeOage from the King was read, magnified the

King's Spirit in making this Overture, and with'd that an

Anfwer of very humble thanks and acknowledgment mighc

be returned to his Majelty. They faid, " No means ought to

^^ be negieded that might abate the pride and power of the

** £nemy : and afloon as the People heard of it, they thought

ic reafonable to accept the King's Offer. De IVtty who was

Pentioner of HoUandy and had the greatelt inriuence upon

their Counfels, had no mind to have any conjunction with the

King ; which, he forefaw, mud neceflarily introduce the pre«

tences of the Prince of Orangey to whom he was an avow'd

and declared Enemy. He told them, *< Indeed it was a very

^generous offer of the King,- but if they lliould accept it,

" they could never recede from his Interelt ; which, inftcad

** of putting an end to the War, of which they were already

^ weary, would make it without end, and would be the ruin

^ of their State : that whilll they were free from being en-

'' g^cd in any Interefl but their own, they might rcafonably

" hope that both fides would be equally weary of the War,

^ and then a Peace would eafily cnliie y which they ihould

**otherwife put out of their own power; fo that thanks were Thdnkf »*

return'd to the King for his good will; and they purfued their rwn'w ttsits

own method in their Counfels, and were much fupcrior to Ki^i h '''•

thofe who were of another opinion, defiring nothing fo niuch,^^*'^^'^"*

as to make a Peace upon any conditions. uulpL.

Nor can it appear very wonderful, that the Dutch made
fhew of fo much flegm in this Affair, when the very choler
and pride of the French was, about the fame time, fo hum-
bled by the Spirit of the Englrfh, that though they took their
Ships every day, and made them prize, and had now feifcdxfifEngliih
upon their whole Fleet that was going to the relief of Dum- feifi •» *
kirk ( that was then clofcly bcfiegcd by the Sfaniardy and by V^^^^^^
the taking that Fleet was deliver'd into their hands ) yet the t'%f*nUef
Frencb would not be provok'd to be angry with them, or to o/Dun-
exprefs any inclination to the King ; but fent an Embaffadour, kirk,
which thev had not before done, to cxpolbulatc very civilly rite French
with the Parliament for having been fo unneighbourly, but /*«<< 4» £«-
in truth to defire their Friendihip upon what terms they *^i^«^'*^
pleafed ; the Cardinal fearing nothing fo much, as that the 'alJa. *
Spaniard would make fuch a conjundtion with the new Com-
mon-wealth, as ihould difjppoinr and break all liis dcligns.

The infupportablc lofTcs whirh \\\r. Dutch cvciy day fu-
ftain'd by the'takinji; their Mer(.h:in''r. Shijrt, and iheirShij>»
of War, and the to'al oMIni/ticifi of rhnr J'lade, broke their
hearts, andencrcafcd .liCu f.»^li<iir9nd fiividony athonie. All

\\U L the

4(^4 The Hiftory Book XIIL

the Seas were cover'd with the Engtifb Fleets ; which made
no diftindlions of Seafons, but Were as adive in the Winter as
the Summery and engaged the Dutch upon any inequality of
Number. The Dutcb having been beaten in the Month of
Oitohery and Blake having recdvM a bru(h from them in the
Month of December y in the Month ofFehruarj^ the moft
dangerous feafon of the Year, They, having appointed a Ren-
dezvous of about one hundred and fifty Merchant Men, fenc
u Februa- a Fleet of above one hundred Sail of Men of War to convoy
'y ^^,*fc, ^^cm ^ and BUke^ with a Fleet much inferior in number,
Dutch' ' 'engaged them in a very (harp Battle from Noon till the Night
Tieet', wh9 parted them ; which dm>ofed them to endeavour to preferve
srthdttn, themfclves by flighty but in the Morning, they found that
the Englijh had attended them (b clofe, that they were engag'd
again to fight, and fb unprofeeroufly, that, aner the lofs of
above two thoufand Men, wno were thrown overboard, be-
fides a multitude hurt^ they were glad to leave fifty of their
Merchant Men to the Englifh^ that they might make their
flight the more fecurely.
ih9 Dutch Th I s laft lo(s made them fend again to the Parliament to
/M agMin defire a Peace ; who rejeded the Overture, as they pretended,
uttHFar- «For want of formality (for they always pretended a defire
Pftikpr^ ®^ ^^ honourable Peace) the Addrefs being made only by the
States of HoUandy and WeSt-Friezlandy the States General
being at that time not Aflembled. It was generally believ'd,
that this Addrefs from Holland was not only with the Appro-
cromweli bation, but by the diredion of Cromwell '^ who had rather
7*^7 ^*r ^^°f^^^^^ ^o ^^^^^ particulars, which were naturally like to
nl^with produce that War, to gratify Saht-John (who was infeparable
the Dutch, from him in all his other Counfels , and was incenfed by
but gevtm'd i\ie Dutch) than approved the Refolution. And now he
^y* ^ found , by the expence of the Engagements had already
5aint-john. ^,^^^ q^ jjQ^h (jjgg^ ^j^j^j. ^^ infupportable Charge that War

mud be attended with. Befides, he well difcern'd that ail
Parties, Friends and Foes, Presbyterians, Independents, Le-
vellers, were all united as to the carrying on the War^ which,
he thought, could proceed from nothing, but that the excefs
of the expence might make it neceflary to disband a great
part of the Land Army (of which there appeared no u(c) to
lupport the Navy; which they could not now be without. Nor
had he Authority to place his own Creatures there, all the Of-
ficers thereof being nominated and appointed folely by the
Parliament : So that when this Addrefs was made by the
Dutch^ he fet up his whole reil and interefl, that it might be
well accepted, and a Treaty thereupon enter'dinto; which
when he could not bring to pafs, he laid to heart ; and de-
ferr'd not long, as will appear, to cake vengeance upon the
^ Parlia-

k

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 465:

Parliament wiA a wicnefs, and by a way they lead thought
of.

Though c^amwdl was exercifed with thefe contradi*
fiioosand vexations at home, by the Authority of the Parlia*
Doent, he found not the leaft oppoficion from abroad. He was
more abfoli/te in the other two Kingdoms, more fear'd, and
more obey'd, than any King had ever been j and all the Do-
millions belonging to the Crown, own'd no other fubjedion ^
than to the Common- wealth of England. The Ittes oiGuerm^^^^^
fiy^ ^ndjerfiyj and Scilfyy were reduced ; the former prel'ent- h^dkem
ly after toe Battle ofWfrceJhr y and the other, after the King's »•» rtdmcti,
return to Farts ; Sr Georgt Csrteret having well defended Jer^ ^ ^""^L.
fif as long as he could, and being fo overpowered that bcS*"^"|^^^
could no longer defend the Jflandy he retired into Caftlc £4h ss UngAsht
zdietJb'y which he had fortified, and provided with ail things c^M/^^iii
nece(&ry for a Siege ^ prefuming that, by the care and dili- P'j"b«h
cence of the Lord Jermyny who was Governour thereof, he ^^^
would receive Supplies of Men and Provifion, as he (hould
fiand in need of them \ as he might eafily have done in fpight
of any power of the Parliament by Sea, or Land. But it had
been the principal reafon that Cr0Mru;f//had hitflerto kept the
better Quarter with the Cardinal, left the bait of thofe two
Iflands, which the King could have put into his hands when
he would, ihould tempt him to give his Majefty any Ailiftance.
But the King was fo itridt and pundlually in his care of the In-
tereft of EifgUndy when he feem'd to be abandoned by it, that
he chofe rather to fufier thofe places of great importance to fall
into CromweW^ power, than to depofite them, upon any con-
ditions, into French hands ^ which he knew, would never
reftore them to the jult owner, what obligations foever they
entered into.

When that CafUe had been befiegcd three Months, and
the £nemy could not approach nearer to plane their Ordnance
than,ac lead, half an EngUjh Mile, the Seaencompafling it round
more than lo far from any Land, and it not being pollible for
any of their Ships to come within fuch a dillancc, they brought
nocwithftanding Mortar pieces of fuch an incredible greatnefs,
and itich as had never been before feen in this part of the
florid, that from the highelt point of the Hill, near Sc HiU"
wfsy they (liot Granadoes of a va(t bignefs into the CafUe,and
beat down many Houfes ^ and, at laft, blow'd up a great Ma-

S,incJ, where mod of the proviiions of Vidluals lay j and
•d many Men. Upon which S' George Carteret lent an Ex-
prefi to give the King an Account of the condition he was in, J**.^*"^
nd to defire a fupply of Men and Provifions ; which it being ^qXt'sZ
impoflible for his Majdfty to procure, he fent him Orders to^^^^ „n<
nake the belt conditions he could \ which he fliortly after did ; iUi^nt.

11 b 3 and

4.68 TheBftorx Book XIII.

mofl: part, he refolv'd alone, but was never diverted from any
jrcfolucion be had taken; and he waschoughr often by his
obftinacy to prevail over Cromwell himfelf, and to extort his
concurrence contrary to bis own inclinations. But that pro-
ceeded only from his diflembling lefs ; for he was never re-
jlerv'd in the owning and communicating his worit and moil
barbarous purpofes ; which the other always concealed and
difavow'd. Hitherto their concurrence had been very natu-
ral, fince they had the fame ends and defigns. It was gene-
rally conceived by thofe who had the opportunity to know
them both very well, that Ireton was a Manfo radically averfe
£'om Monarcny, and fofixc to a Republick Government, that,
if he hadliv'd, he would either, by his Counfel and Credit,
have prevented thofe exceffes in Cromwell^ or publickly op-
pofed and declared againft rhem, and carried the greacelt part
bf the Army with him ; and that CrotnweUy who beft knew
his Nature, and hu^ Temper, had therefore carried him into
Ireland^ and left him there , that he might be without his
Counfels or Importunities, when he (hould find it neceflary
to put off his Mask, and to a<3: that^part which he forefaw it
would be requifite to do. Others thought, his parts lay more
towards Civil Afiairs ; and were fitter for the modelling that
Government, which his heart was fet upon ( being a Scholar,
converfant in the Law, and in all thofe Authors who had ex>
prefled the greateft Animbfity and Malice againft the Regal
Government ) than for the Condudi: of an Army to fupport
it ; his Perfonal Courage being never reckoned among his other
Abilities.

What Influence focver his Life might have had upon the
future Tranfadions, certain it is, his Death had none upon
T^hesUcw theStateof Jr^Am^ to the King's Advantage. The Marquis
^^^*f^^^oicUnrkkard\dk no way unattempted that might apply the
dSnHck- vifible ftrength, and power of the Irijb Nation, to the pre-
ard'/4/fJr/^CfV^tion ofthemfelves, and to the fupport of the King's Go-
to Ireland, vemment^ He lent out his Orders and Warrants for the Le-
vying of new Men, and to draw the old Troops together,
and to raife Money : but few Men could be got together, and
when they were Aflembled, they could not (tay together for
want of Money to pay them : fo that he could never get a
Body together to march towards the Enemy ; and if he did
prevail with them to march a whole day with him, he found,
the next morning, that half of them were run away. And it
quickly appeared, that they had made thofe ample Vows and
Proteltations, that they might be rid of the Marquis of Or^
mond^ without any purpofe of obeying the other. The great-
eft part of the Popiih Qergy, and all the Ir^ oiVlfiery had
no mind to have any relation to the Englijb Nation, and as

little

Of the RehelUon^ &c. 469

little to return to their Obedience to the Crown. They
blamed each other for having deferted the Nuntio, and thoug|ic
of nothing but how they mightget fome Forreign Prince to
take them into his Protedion. They firit chofe a Committee^
Plumket apd Brown^ two Lawyers, who had been eminent
Condudors of the Rebellion from the beginning, and Men of
good Parts, and joyn'd others with them, who were in FtMuct
and FUuikrs, Then they moved the Lord Deputy, to fend
thefe Gentlemen into Flanders "To invite the Duke of L^r-^f ^•*«/'
^rami to afliil them with Arms, Money, and An.munition,?^'jJ^J^
" undertaking to have good Intelligence from thence, that the 'ou'Jlf
^Duke (who was known to wiih well to the King) was well UnUwx*
" prepared to receive their defire, and rcfolv'd, out of his '<»«<»».
^ Afiedtion to the King, to engage himfelf cordially in chedc-
^ fence of that Catholick Kingdom, his 2^al to that Religion
^ being known to be very great.

The Marquis of cianrkkard had no opinion of the Expe-
dient, or that the Duke would engage himfelf on the behalf
of a People who had fo little Reputation in the World j and
therefore refiifed to give any Commiflion to thofe Gentlemen,
or to any other to that purpofe, without hrlt receiving the
King's Order, or at leaft the advice of the Marquis oiOrmond^
who was known to be fafcly arriv'd in France, But that was
look'd upon as delay, which their condition could not bear,
and the doubting the truth of the intelligence, and informa-
tion of the Duke of Lorraine's being willing to undertake
their Relief, was imputed to want of good will to receive it.
And then all the Libels, and Scandals, and Declarations, which
had been publitli'd againft the Marquis of OrmcnJ, were now
renew'd, with equal Malice and Virulence', asainft the Mar-
quis of clanrkkardy and they declared, '^Tnat God would
^n^verblefs his wither'd hand, which had always concurr'd
*^ with OrmanJj in the Profccution, and Perfecution of the Ca-
^tholicks Confederates from the beginning of their Eogage-
^ Qoent for the defence of their Religion ; and that he had
^(tiil had more converfation with Hereticks than with Ca-
<< tholk;^ : that he had refufed always to fubmtt to the Pope^s
^ Authority j and had treated his Nuntio with lefs refpeft
''than was due fi^om any good Catholick j and that all the Ca-
^tholicks who were cheridi'd or countenanced by him, were
^ of the fame Fa^on. In the end, he could not longer rcr
Gft the importunity of the AOembly of the Confederate Ca-
tholicks (which was again brought together) and of the Bi-
fhops and Cler^ that govem'd the orhcr; but gave hiscon-
fcnc to fend the lame Perfons they recommended to him j and
gave them his Credentials to the Duke of Lorraine ; but re-
quired them "Punftually to obfcrvc his own Inflruaioos.

470 TheHiftor^ Book XIII.

^^and not to prefiime to depart from them in the leaft de-
^'grec. Their Inftrudlions were, *'To give the Marquis of
^ Ormend notice of their Arrival ; and to (hew him their In-
^ftrudlions^ and to conclude nothing without his poficive
^'^ Advice; who, he well knew, would communicate all
with the Queen; and that likewife, "When they came into
^ FUnderSy they (hould advife with fuch of the King's Coun-
^ cil as (hould be there, and proceed in all things as they
« (hould direa.

What Inftrudlions foever the Lord Deputy prefcribed
to them, the Commidioners received others from the Council
and Aflfembly of their Clergy, which they thought more to
the purpofe, and refolv'd co follow ; by which they were au-
thorifed to yield to any conditions which might prevail with
the Duke of Lorraine to take them into his Frotedlion, and
to engage him in their defence, even by delivering all they
had of the Kingdom into his hands. Though they landed in
Vrsmce^ they gave no notice of their bufinefs or their arrival to
c»mmif' ^^ Queen, or to the Marquis diOrmond\ but profecuted their
uk^*t^ journey to Bruffelsy and made their Addrefs, with all fecrecy,
Iniiacls. to the Duke oi Lorraine. There were, at the fame time, at
Antwerp J the Marquis o( Kevj-Cafile^ the Chancellor of the
Exchequer (who was newly remrn'd firom his EmbaCTy in Spam)
and Secretary Nicholas '^ all three had been of the King's Coun-
cil; to neither of whom they fo much as gave a vifit. And
though the Duke of Tork, during this time, pafled through
Bruffelsy in his journey to Purtf ; they imparted not their Ne-
gotiations to his Highnefs.

The Duke of Lorraine had a very good mind to get foot-
ing in Ireland:^ where, he was fure, there wanted no Men
to make Armies enough, which he thought were not like to
want Courage to defend their Country and Religion. And
the Commiffioners very frankly offered ^ To deliver up GaU
«c lejpajy and all the places which were in their poflfeffion, into
** h,is hands, with the remainder of the Kingdom, aCToon as it
^^cbuld be reduced; and to obey him abfolutely as their
*^Prihce. But he, as a referve to decline the whole, if it ap-

Eear'd to be a defign fuller of difficulty than he then appre-
ended, difcover'd much of his Afie<aion to the King, and
his refolution " Not to accept any thing that was propofed,
the Dukf ^^ without his Majefty's privity and full approbation, out in the
fiiid^MtkAi^ mc^n time, and till that might be procured, he was content
j^»r« iie^ to fend the Abbot of Sc Catbarine\ a Lorrainery anda Perfon
SSjIv •/ principally truftcd by him , as his Embafl&dour into Ireland^
the StMtt c/to' be inform'd of the true State of that Kingdom, and what
it. real ftrength the Confederate Catholicks were poflfeQcd of,

and at what Unity among thcmfclres. Witjx nim he fent

about

r

Of the Rebellion, &CC. 471

about three or four thoufand Pifloles, to fupply their prefcnt
Is[eceifitie«, and fome Arms and Ammunirion. The Duke
writ to the Lord Deputy the Marquis of Clanrkkardj as the
King's Govemour, and the Perfon by whofc Authority all thofc
Propofitions had been made to him by the CommilTioners.

The Abbot upon his Arrival ( though he was civilly re-
ceived) quickly found, that the Marquiii knew nothing of what
the Commiflioners had propofed or o&er'd j and would by no
means fo much as enter upon any Treaty with him j but dif-
avow^d all that they had faid or done, with much vehemence,
and with a Proteftation, <^ That he would caufc their heads to Vie Usr^ui
" be cut oflj if they returned, or came into his hands. And renounces
the Marquis did, at the fame time, write very Large Letters *"'^;,7^*^
both to the King, and the Marquis of Ormonde ot their pre- J, '*
furaption and wickedncfs j and very earneftly dclired, " That
<' they might be imprifon'd, and kept til! they might undergo
^ a juft Tryal.

A s the Marquis exprefled all pofTiblc indignation, fo many
of the Catholick Nobility, and even fome of their Clergy,
who never intended to withdraw their Loyalty from the Crown
of England^ how weakly foever they had manifeft cd ir, indeed
all the Irsftf Nation, but thofe oiVlfiery who were of^the old
Septs, were wonderililly fcandalized to hnd that all their
ftrength was to be delivered prefently up into the poflefllion
of aForreign Prince j upon whofe good nature only, itmuft
be prefumed that he would hereafter rcftore it to the King.
It was now time for the Popifli Bilhops, and their Confede-
rates, to make good what had been offcr'd by the Comroiffio-
ners vrith their Authority ; which though they thought not
fit to own, they ufed all their endeavours now in procuring
to have it confented to, and ratified. They very importunately
advifed, and prefled the Lord Deputy, " To confirm what had
** been offered, as the only vifible Means to prcferve the Na-
^tion, and a Root out of which the King's Right might again
**fpring and grow up : and when they found, that he was fo
far from yielding to what they dcfircd, that, if he had power,
be would proceed againft thcni wi'h the utmofl feverity for
what they had done, that he would no more give Audience
to the Embafl&dour, and remov'd from the place where they
were, to his own Houfe and Caltle at Tortumny^ to be fecurc
^from their importunity or violence, they barefaced own'd all
that the Commiflioners had propounded, ** As done by their
"Order, who could make ir good; and defired the Embafli-
dour **To enter into a Trea'.y with them j and declared ** That
"they would fign fuch Articles, with which the Duke of Lor^
^r^me fhould be well fatisficd. They undervalued the power
of the Marquis o( clanrkkardy as not able to oppofe any agree-
ment

47^ TheHtftory BookXTII.

ment they fliould make, nor able to make good any thing he
fliould proroife himfelf, without their Affiftance.

The Embadadour was a wife Man, and of flegm enough ;

and though he heard all they would fay, and received any

Propofitions thev would give him in writting, yet he quickly

difcern'd, chat they were fo unskilful as to the managery of

any great defign, and fo disjoynted among themfelves, that

they could not be depended upon to any purpofe ; and excufed

himfelf from entring upon any new Treaty with them, as

having no Commiffion to treat but with the Lord Deputy.

But he told them, ** He would deliver all that they had, or

^ would propofe to him, to the Duke his Mafter; who, he

^ prefiimed, would fpeecUly return his Anfwer, and proceed

^ with their Commiuioners in fuch a manner as would be

rii€U\»k%t << grateful to them. So he retum'd in the bme Ship that

tttwnu u brought him, and gave the Duke fuch an Account of his

•t^Jmli^i/ Voyage, and that People, that put an end to that Negotia-

tb^Du!^ tion y which had been encer'd into, and profecuted, with lefs

lives tver warinefs, circumfpedtion, and good husbandry, than that

/^N^fM- Prince was accuftom'd to ufe.

tiM. When the Embaf&dour was gone, they profecuted the

Deputy, with all Reproaches of betraying and ruining his
Country j and had feveral defigns upon his Perfon, and com-
municated whatever Attempt was refolv'd to the Enemy :
yet there were many of the Nobility and Gentry that conti-
nued firm, and adhered to him very faithfully ^ which de-
fended his Perfon fi-om any Violence they intended againft
him, but could not fecure him, againft their ASs of Trea-
chery, nor keep his Counfels from being betray'd. After the
Defeat of WoTcefier was known and publilh'd, they lefs con-
fider'd all they did; and every one thought he was to provide
for his own lecuricy that way that feem'd rooft probable to
him; and whofoever was molt intent upon that, put on a new
face, and application to the Deputy, and loudly urged *^ The
" neceffity of uniting themfelves for the publicK fafety, which
*^ was defperate any other way : whilft in truth every Man
was negotiating for his own mdemnity with Ludlvs^ ( who
commanded the Englfjfh) or for leave to tranfport Regiments ;
which kept the Soldiers together, as if they had been the De-
The urd pucy's Army.

^ii Ar ^' The Deputy had a fufpicion of a Fellow, who was ob-

^s*^ ferv'd every day to go out, and returned not till the next ;

fffottdence a^fl appointed an Oflaccr of truft, with fome Horfe, to watch

mMu^edbj him, and fearch him; which they did; and found about him
tf frjtrbe^ a Letter which concain'd many Reproaches againft the Mar-

?!J">irifh ^"^^5 ^"^ ^^^^ Intelligence of many particulars; which the
ciira Md Meflenger was carrying to Ludlovj. It was quickly difcover'd
Ludlow that

Of the ReheUion, &c. 473

that the Letter was written by one Father cphogMn^ a Fran-
cifcan Fryar in GsDavj^'^ where the Deputy then was^ buc
much of the Intelligence was fuch as could not be known by
him, but muft come froqn fome who were in the molt private
conuiltations. The Deputy caufed the Fryar to be imprifon'd
and refolv'd to proceed exemplarily againil him , after he
had firft difcover'd his Complices. The Fryar confefled the
Letter to be of his writing, but refufed to Anfwer to any
other Queftion ^ and demanded his Privilepe of a Church-
Man, and not to be tried by the Deputy's Order. The Con-
clufion was, the Popifli Bifhops caufed him to be taken out of
the Prifonj and fcnt to the Deputy, **That if he would fend
** to them his Evidence againft the Fryar, who was an Eccte-
^^ fiaftical Perfon, they would take care tnat juftice Qiould be
** done.

This Proceeding convinced the Deputy, that he Oiould
not be able to do the King any Service in that Company ^
nor durft he (lay longer in that Town, left they fhould make
their own Peace by delivering up him and the Town toge-
ther ^ which they would have made no fcruple to have done.
From that time he remov'd from place to place, not daring
to lodge twice in the fame place together, left he Qiould be
betray'd ^ and fometimes without any Accommodations : fo
that, not having been accuftom'd to thofe hardfhips, he con-
traded thofe difcafes which he could never recover. In this
manner he continued till he receiv'd Commands from the
King. For aflbon as he had Advertiferaent of the King's Ar-
rival at Faris^ and it* was very evident by the behaviour of
the Irijhy that they would be no more applied to the King's
Service under his Command, than under the Marquis of Or-
moTtiTSy he fcnt the Earl of Caft/e-haven (who had been for^Ht finds thg
roerly a General of the Confederate Catholicks, and remained ^'j^^^
with great conltancy with the Marquis q( clanrkkardy as long^^^/^
as there was any hope) to the King, with fb particular zxiaceoimtrf
account, under his own hand of all that had pafTed, from the^is^/* thg
time that he had receiv'd his Commiffion from the Marquis ^'"<ff'
of Ormendj that it even contain'd almoft a Diary, in which
be made fo lively a defcription of the proceedings of the Irijh^
of their Overtures to the Duke of Lorrainey and of their fe-
vcral tergiverfations and treacheries towards him , that any
Man might difcern, efpecially they who knew the generofity
of the Marquis, his Nature, and nis cuftom of Living, that
he had fubmirted to a life very uncomfortable and melancho-
lick y and defired his Majefty's leave that he might retire, and
procure a Pafs to go into England ^ where he had fome Ettate The Kins
of his own, and many Friends, who would notfufFer him to/'"^*''^
ftarv* j which his Majcfty made hafte to fend to him, with as ^^'JT* '*

great

4.74 TheHiftorjf Book XIII.

great Teftimony of his gracious Acceptation of his Service,
and Af&dlion, as his fingular merit deferved.
»« VUmimu Thereupon the Marquis fent to Ludlow for a Pafs to
MS a pi/} gQ into England^ and render himfelf to the Parliament^ which
■£w ^i "^ prefently fent him^ and fo the Mvquis Traniported him-
gtuimi9 felf to London'^ where he was civilly treated by all Men, as a
England, Man who had many Friends, and could have no Enemies buc
.J^* thofe who could not be Friends to any. But by the Infirrai-
•|^ * ties he had contraSed in Ireland^ by thofe fevere fetigues and
dilbrefles he had Ijjpen expofed to, he liv'd not to the end of a
year; and had refolv'd, upon the recovery of any degree of
health, to have Tranfported himfelf to the King, and attended
his Fortune. He left behind him fo, fuU a Relation of all ma-
terial pafTages, as well from the beginning of that Rebellion,
as during the time of his own Adminiltration, that I have
been the lefs particular in the Accounts of what pafled in
the Tranfa&ions of that Kingdom, prcfuming that more ex*
2& work of His, ^ill, in due time, be communicated to the
World.

The Afl&irs of the three Nations being in this pofture at
the end of the year 1(^52, and there being new Accidents, and
Alterations of a very extraordinary Nature, in the year fol-
lowing, which were attended witn much variety of Succcis,
though not with that benefit to the King as might have been
expedt^d naturally from thofe Emotions, We ihall here con-
dude this Book, and referve the other for the Next.

The End of the Thirteenth Book.

THE

( 47r )

THE

Hiftory of the Rebellion, &c,

BOOK. XIV.

Job XX. 19, aa.

Becaufe he hath oppreffed and batbforjak^ the Pmr i
becaufe he hath violently taken away an Houf$
which he built not : ,

/» thefulnefsofhisft^imcy hejballbe infirei^ts ;

every band of the wiekgdjball come upon him.

Job XXVII. IS.

Thefe that remain of bimjhall be buried in death,
and bis JVtdovptJhall not weep.

> A D not God refenr'd the Deliverance
'1 and Reftoration of the King to Him-
rclf,and refolv'd toaccomplilhitwben
, thereappear'dlcaft hopeofit^andleaft
) Worldy means to bring it to pais ;
', there happen'd at this time anotherve-
vj great Alteration in EnglamJ, that,
I together with the continuance of the

__ _ _i War with HaVanJ, and Afironts every

day offfcr'd to Fraiue, might very reafonably have admininer'd
great hopes to the King of a fpeedy change of Govcrnmenc
ihere. From the time of the defeat at Wontjltry and the redu-
SaoaoiScttlanii And Inland lo^rk& Obedience, CreimoeB
did not findthe Parliament fo fuppLe to oblervc his Orders, as
he expe<Sed rhe^f would have been. The Presbyterian Party,
which he had dilcountenanced all he could, and made his Artny
of the Independent Party, were bold in contradiding him in
the Houfc, and eroding all his deGgns in the City, and exceed*
ingly inveigh'd againfl the Licence that was pral^ced in Ke-
Itfpon, by Che fcveral Factions of Independents^ Anatupcif^

urn

476 The Hift&ry Book XIV.

, ftnd the feveral Species of thefe 3 who contemn'd all Magi-

ftraces, and the Laws eilabliUi'd. All chefe, how concradidlory
foever to one another, Cromwell Qhmfh^d and proteAed, that
he might not be overrun by the Presbyterians , of whom the
time was not yet come that he could makeufe: yet hefeem'd
to fhew much refpedl to fome principal Preachers of that
Party - and confulted much with them, now the diftempers in
Religion might be cofopofed.

Though he had been forward enough to enter iipon the
WdX of HoOamdy that fo there might be no Propofition made
for the Disbanding any part of his Army , which otherwife
could not be prevented, yet he found the expenceof it was (b
great, that the Nation could never bear that addition of bur-
den to the other of Land forces ^ which how apparent fo-
ever, he faw the Parliament fo fierce for the carrying on that
War, that they would not hearken to any reafonable Condi,
tions of Peaces which the Duff i& appear'd moft follicitous to
make upon any terms. But that which troubled him ihoft,
was the jealoufy that his own Party of Independents, and
other Sectaries, had contra^ed againit him : That Party, that
had advanced him to the height ne was at, and made him fu-

gsrior to all oppolition, even his beloved Vaney thought his
ower and Authority to be too great for a Common- wealth,
and that He , and his Army, had not dependence enough
upon, or fubmidion tp the Parliament. So that he found thofe
who had exalted him , now molt follicitous to bring Him
lower ; and he knew well enough what any dittiinution of his
Power and Authority muft (juickly be attended with. He
obferv'd, that thofe his old Friends very frankly united them-
felves with His and Their old Enemies, the Presbyterians,
for thcprofecution of the War with Holland^ and obftrudling
all the Overtures towards Peace ^ which muft, in a fliort time,
cxbauft the Stock, and confequently dillurb any fettlemeiit in
the Kingdom.
Cromwell In this perplexity he reforts to his old remedy, his Army ;
et^s4H§' an J again erefts another Council of Officers, who, under
#/?jk!w •' ^^^ StylCy firft, of Petitions, and then of jRemonftrances, in-
tttJtxfofii. terpoted in whatfoever had any relation to the Army j ufed
/lire ivf>/iri!>e great importunity for <* The Arrears of their pay ^ that they
Parliament u might not be compell'd to take free Quarter upon their fel-
ZinJr^s'^and " ^^^ Subjofts, who already paid fo great Contributions and
their or!n **Taxes; which they were well affiired, if weU managed,
DijfoiHthn, ^< would abundantly defray all the Charges of the War, and
"of the Government. The Iharp Anders the Parliament
gave to their Addre(!es, and the reprehenfions for their pre-
fiimption in meddling with matters above diem, gave the Ar-
my new matter to reply to j and put them in mind of fome

former

Of the Rehel/ioft, Sec. 477

farmer profeffioos thev hid made, <^ That ihey would be glad
'^ CO be eaied of the Burden of their Employment j and that
*^ there might be fucceflive Parliaments to undergo the fame
** trouble "ftey had done. They therefore dciircd them," That
'^ they would remember how many years they had fate; and
'^Choogh they had done great things, yet it was a great injury
^ to the reft of the Nation, to be utterly excluded hrom bear-
'^ing any part in the Service of their Country, by their in-
^ groffing the whole power into Their hands ; and thereupon
^beibught them, that they would fettle a Council for the ad-
^ miniitration of the Government during the Interval, and
^thendiflblve themfelves, and Summon a new Parliament;
^ which, they told them, " Would be the moft popular A£lion
« they could perform.

These AiddreOes in the Name of the Army, being confi-
dently delivered by fpme Officers of it, and as confidently fe-
conded by others who were Members of the Houfe, it was
diought neceflary, that they thould receive a folemn Debate, The Pdrlid^
to the end that when the Parliament had declared its refolu- ^^ ^^^
tion and determination, all Peribns might be obliged to ac- f|^!^ ^
quiefce therein, and fo there would be an end put to all Ad- tbtirfittii^
drefles of that kind.

There were many Members of the Houfe, who either
irom the juftice and reafon of the Requeft, or feafonably to
comply with the fenfe of the Army, to which they foreiaw
tbey fliould be at laft compelled to fubmit, feem'd to think ic
neoeSury, for abating the great Envy, which was confeiiedly
againft the Parliament throughout the Kingdom, that they
fliould be diflblv'd, to the end that People might make a new
Ek^on of fuch Perfons as they thought fit to trult with their
Liberty and Property, and whatfoever was deareft to them.
Bai Mr Martyn told them, ^ That he chought they might find Harry Mtr-
•* the bed Advice from the Scripture, wh^t they were to do 'Y."*' y^f*
<f in this particular: that when Mofis was found upon t\\e^^^'*i^^^i
^ River, and brought to Fharoah's Daughter, (he took care that uo^n^tl
^< the Mother might be found out, to whofe care he might be thu fmrfsft,
^committed to be nurfed; which fucceeded very happily.
He (aid, ^ Their Common- wealth was yet an Infiinr, of a weak
" growth, and a very tender conltitution j and therefore his
^opinion was, that no body could be fo fit to nurfe it, as the
.^Mother who brought it forth ^ and that they fliould not
^ think of putting it under any other hands, until it had ob-
* tained more years and vigour. To which he added, "That
^tbcy had another Infant too under their hands, the War with
^HMond^ which had thrived wonderfully under their Condud;
^ but he much doubted that it would be quickly itrangled, if it
J« were taken out of dieir care, who bad hitherto governed it- .

.Vol. m. Part 2. li TuE'jr

4,78 TheHiftory Book XIV.

These Reafons pfcvaiicd fo &r, that^ whatfoever was

tht Psriid- iaid to the coatrary, ic was decermin'd, chat the Farliamenc

me^t dMttr- would HOC yet think of Diflbliting, nor would ti^ke it well,

T"'^* ^t^thac any Perfons (hould uke the prefumption any more to

m?jlt'think™^^ Overtures to them of that Nature, which was not fit

•/ Diptv' for private and particular Perfons to meddle with : and to

'"X* put a Seafonable ftop to any farther prefumption of that kind,

chey appointed a Committee << Speedily to prepare an A61: of

^P^liament fur the filling up of their Houfe; and by which,

^< ic fhould be declared to be High Treafon, for any Man to

" propofe, or contrive t^c changing of the prefent Govern-

^ment fettled, and eftabliihed.

This Bill being prepared by the Committee, they refolv'd
to pafs it with all poilible expedition. So Crpmwell clearly
difcern'd, that by this means they would never be perfwaded
•CO part with that Authopicy and Power, which was fo profi-
table, and fo pleafant to them : yet the Army declared they
were not fatisfied with the Determination, and continued
their Applications to the fame purpofe, or to others as un-
agreeable to the fenfe of the Houfe ; and did ail they could
to iniiife the fame Spirit into all the parts of the Kingdom, to
make the Parliament odious, as ic was already very abundantly j
and Cromtpeti was well pleafed that the Parliament ihould ex-
prcfs as much prejudice againil the Army.

All things being thus prepared, <^ Oomweli thought this a
good feafon to expofe thefe Enemies of Peace to the indigna-
tion of the Nation ; which, he knew, was generally weary of
the War, and hoped, if that were at an end, that they (hould
be eafed of the greateft part of their Contributions, and other
Impofitions : thereupon, having adjuflted all things with the
Chief Officers of the Army, who were at his Devotion, in
CroiBwcU the Month of April y that was in the year i<?5';, he came into
4Ni W/ogp-thc Houfe of Parliament in a Morning when it was fitting,
miiffniy attended with the Officers who were likewife Members of
mint.' ^^^ HoufCj, and told them « That he came thither to put an
^end to their Power and Authority; which they had ma-
^ naged fo ill, that the Nation could be no otherwil'e preferv'd
**than by their Diflblution; which he advifed them, without
^* farther Debate, quietjy to fubmit unto.

Thereupon another Officer, with fome Files of MuP-
queteers, entered into the Houfe, and ftay'd there till all the
Members walk'd out ; Cromwell reproaching many of the
^ Members by Name, as they went out of the Houfe, with

their Vices and Corruptions, and amongft the reft, Sr Harry
Vane with his breach of Faith and Corruption ; and having
given the Mace to an Officer to be fafely kept, he caufed the
Doors to be l»ck'd up ; and fo diQdlv*d diac AflemWy, which

had

Of the Rehellton, &c. 4.79

hsulfate almolt thirteen years, and under whore Name he had
wrought fo much mifchief, and reduced three Kingdoms to
his own entire obedience and fubjedion, without any exam-
ple or Precedent in the Chriliian World that could raife his
' Ambition to fuch a prefumptuous Undertaking, and without
wnj rational depenaence upon thefriendfliipof oneManwho
Ittd any other Intereft to advance his defigns, but what he

* had given him by preferring him in the War.

' W H E N He had thus prof^roully pafled this Hmhicon, he
loft no time in publifhing a Declaration of the grounds and
teafons of his Proceeding, for the fatisfaOion (rfthe People :
in which he put them m mind, how miraculoufly God had
** Appear*d for them in reducing Ireland and Scotland to fo

* great a degree ofPeacfy and England to a perfcft quiet,
•^whereby the Parliament had opportunity to gye the Peo-
^ple the narveft of all their Labour, Blood, and Treafiire, and
** to fettle a due Liberty in reference to Civil and Spiritual

* things, whereunto they were obliged by their Duty , and

* thofe great and wonderful things God had wrought for
^ them. But that they had made fo little pogrefs towmls this

* good end, that it was matter of much grief to the good Peo*
^ pie of the Land, who had thereupon appVd themfehres to
^ the Army, expeding Redrefs by tneir means ; who, being

* very unwilling to meddle with the Civil Authority, thought
^ fit that foine Officers, who were Members of the Parlia-

* ment, fliould move, and defire the Parliament t;o proceed
^vigoroufly in reforming whit was amifs in the Common-
^ wealthy arfd in fettling it upon a Foundation of fuftice and
** Righteoufnefs : that they found this, and fome other Endea-^
^ vours they had ufed, produced no good eSedb, but rather
•* an averfenefs to the things themfelves, with much bittemels
" and averfion to the People of God, and his Spirit adting in
*thcm: infomuch as the Godly Party in the Army Was now
** become of no other Ufe, than to countenance the ends of a
** corrupt Party, that defired to perpetuate themfelves in the
** fupreme Government of the Nation : that, for the obviat-
" ing thofe Evils, the Officers of the Army had obtained fe-
•* veral meetings with fome Members of the Parliament, to
•^confider what remedies might properly be apply'dj but thaft
^ it appeared very evident unto them, that the Parliament, by
" want of Attendance of many of their Members, and want

* of Integrity in others who did attend, would never anfwer
•* thofe ends, which God, his People, and the whole Nation,
•* expeded from them ^ but that this Caufe, which God had
*fo greatly blefled, muft needs lan^ifli under their hands ^
•* and by degrees be loft, and the Lives, Liberties, and Com-

* fores of his People* be deliver'd into their Enemies hands.

^ ^ li 3, • «AH

4,8o The Hiftdry Book XIV.

"All which being ferioufly and fadly confider'd by thehoneft

" People of the Nation, as well as by the Army, it feem'd a

<^ Duty incumbent upon them, who had feen io much of the

<^^ power and prefence of God, to confider of foroe efFedlu^

"means, whereby to eftablifh Kigbteoufneis and Peace in

'"chefe Nations : that, after much Debate, it had been judg>

;"ed necefGiry, that the fupreme Government (hould be, by

" the Parliament, devolved for a time upon known Perfonf,

/^ fqaring God j and of apprpvld Integrity, as the moll: hope«

. ^^ fbl. way to countenance all God's People, preferve the Law,

\ " and ^dmlnii^er Jullice impartially ; hoping thereby, that Peo-

'^^jple*^miglit fqrgec Monarchy, and underltand their true In-

," tereft in the eleddon of fiicceffive. Parliaments, and fo the

"Government might be fitt;led upon a right ba&s, withouc

^'hazard to this glorious C^ule, or neccflify to keep up Ap-

."mics. for the defence thereof: that being refolv'd, if pofli-

:" ble. to decline all extraordinary Courfes, they had prevailed

\^y with idipiit twenty Members of the Parliament to give them

^fii conference J with whom they debated the juftice and ne-

^'ceffitj^of'that Propofitioni but found them of fo contrary

*^.'an bpinion^ that ijiey infilted upon the continuance of the

.^'prefent. Parliament, as it was then conltituted, as the only

5f way to bring thofe good things to pafs which they feem'd

, ^ to defire : that they inGfted upon this with (b much vehe-

"rhffnce, and were fo much tranfported with paflion, that

"they earned a Bill to be prepared for the perpetuating this

^' Parliament, and invefting the fupreme power in themfelves.

" And for the prevehcing the confummation of this Adt, and

" all the fad and evil consequences, which, upon the grounds

" thereof, muft have enfued, and whereby, at one blow, the

'^ Intereft of all honed Men, and of this glorious Caufe, had

^^ been in danger to be laid in the duit, they had been neceffi-

." tated (though with much repugnance ) to put an end to the

" Parliament.

There needs not be atiy other defcription of the temper
of the Nation at that time, than the remembring that the dif*
folution of that Body of Men, who had reign'd fo long over
the three Nations, was generally very grateful and acceptable
to the People, how unufual foever the circumftances thereof
had been ; and that this Declaration , which was not only,
fubfcribed by Cronrwell^ and his Council of Officers, but was
own'd by the Admirals at Sea, and all the Captains of Ships,
and by the Commanders of all the Land Forces in England^
ScQtlawly and Irelandy was look'd upon as very reafonable ;
and the Declaration, that ifliied thereupon, bywhich the Peo-
ple were required to live peaceably, and quietly to fubmiE
tbemiclves to the Government of the Council 9f State, which

ihould

I

Of the Rehellion^ Sec. 4-8 r

Ihould be nomintted by the General, until fuch a time as a
Parliament, confining of Ferfons of approved fidelity and ho-
nefty, could meet, and take upon them the Government of
chofe Nations, found an equal lubmiffion, and obedience.

The Method he purfued afterwards, for the compotinea
Government, by firft putting it into a moll ridiculous Conhi-
fion, and by devefting himfelf of all pretences to Authority,
and putting what he had no title to keep into the hands of
Men fo well chofen, that they (hould fliortly after delegate
die power in form ot Law to him for the preiervation of the
Nation, was not lefs admirable j and puts me in mind of what
Semeca laid of Pompe^y ^ That he had brought the People of
^Rome to that pafs, by magnifying their power and authority.
wijahnts effh non pofftt mR hemfichfirvHutis. And if Cromwell
had not now made him/elf a Tyrant, all Bonds being broken,
and the univerfal GuiJt diverting all inclinations to return to
Ae King's obedience, they mult have pcrifli'd together in
Sich a confufion, as would rather have expofed them as a Prey
(D Forreigners, than difpofed chcm to the only reafonablc
way for their prefervation ; there being no Man that durft
mention the King, or the old form of Government.
. I T was upon the twentieth of -^/»ri/ that the Parliament had
been diflblv'd y and though Cromwell found that the People
were fiitisfied in it, and the Declaration publilh'd thereupon,
yet he knew, it would be neceflary to provide fome other vi-
able power to fettle the Government, than the Council of
iSfficers * all whom he was not fure he ihould be able long en-
tirely to govern, many of them having clear other Notions
of a Republick than he was willing England (hould be brought
to. A Parliament was (till a name of more veneration than
my other aflembly of Men was like to be, and the contempt
. the laft was fallen into, was like to teach the next to behave in
fclf with more difcretion. However the Ice was broken for
diOblving them, when they Qiould do ocherwife j yet he was
act fo well facisfied in the general temper, as to truft the Ele-
ftion of them to the humour and inclination of the People.

He refolvM therefore to choofe them himfelf, that ^^^ Crorrwell
might with the roore Jultice unmake them when he Ihould ^^^ "I'oo'il
think fit 5 and with the Advice of his Council of Officers, p^,r//4w«;f.
for he made yet no other Council of State, he made choice
(rfa number of Men confifting of above one hundred Per-
fons, who (liould meet as a Parliament to lettle rhc Govern-
ment of the Nation. It can hardly be believ'd that fo wild a
Notion (hould fall into any Man's imagination, that fuch a
Pcop.le fliould be fit to contribute towards any fcttlement, or
tlut from their Adions any thing could refult, that might ad-
vance his particular de(ign. Yet upon the view and corf?

I i 3 derav .

48* TUmflory Book XIV.

deratioa of the Perfoofi mMe choice of, many did conctade^
^< Thjtc he bad made his^ own fchcme entirely tp himfelf ; and
<^ thoueh he comnHinicaced it with no Man that was known^
^< conduded it the moft natural way to ripen, and produce
^ the E£fedls, it did afterwards, to the end he propofed to
«himfdf.
Onditiifis There were amqQgft. them divers of the Quality and
^fljuUi' Degree pf Gentlemen,, and who had Eftates, and fuch a pro*
P(^/i{/«#. pof^ion of credit and reputation, as could confift with the
muM^^' guilt th^ had contradledv , But much the Major part of them
confined of inferior Perfons. of no Quality, or Name^ Ar-
tiiic^rs of the meaneflr Trades, known only by their gifts ia
Praying and Preaching; whidi. was now praftifed by all de«-
grees of Men, but Scholars, throughout the Kingdom. In:
which nqo^ber, that there may be a better judgment mad^.
of the reft, it will not be amifs to name one, from whom that,
^tr""'* '^Parliament it felf was afterwards denominated , who wast
%^ "Brtafi^a (that was his Chriftian Name) Barehwy a Lea-
nick^named ther-fellcr in Fieet-Jheet, from whom ( he being an eminent.
Praife-God &)eaker in it) it was afterwards call'd Ptdije-Gad Barei^ne's
^^a^'^ Parliament. In a word they were generally a pack of weak
^^^ *"'• fenfeleis Fellows, fit only to bring the Name, and Reputation

c^. Parliaments, lower than it was yet.

aomwell I T was fit thefe new Men Ibould be \xo uAt together by^

€dtts them fome new way : and a very new way it was ; tor Cromwell by

together by jjj^ Warrants, direScd to every one of them, telling them

f^lTemZ^^ Of the neceffity of diSblving the late Parliament, and of an-

July 4. *^ equal neceflicy, that the Peace, Safety, and good Giovern-

" ment of the Common-wealth toould be provided for, and

" therefore that he had, by the Advice of his Council of Of-

^^ ficers, nominated divers Perfons fearing God, and of ap-

" prov'd fidelity and honefty, to whom the great Charge and

<* Truft of fo weighty Affiirs was to be committed, and that

*^ having good aflurance of their love to, and courage for God^

*^ and the Intereft of his Caufe, and the good People of thia

*^ Common-wealth ; he concluded in thefe words, " I oUver

*^ Cromwel/y Captain General and Commander in Chief of all

"the Forces raifed, or to be raifed within this Common-

." wealth, do hereby fummon and require you perfonally to

" be, and appear at the Council Chamber at Wbtte-Hally upon

*' the fourth day of July next, then and there to take upon

" you the faid Truft. And you are hereby call'd, and ap-

*^ pointed to ferve as a Member of the County of ^. Upon

this wild Summons, the Perfons fo nominated. appear'd at the

Council. Chamber upon the fourth of Jufyy which was near

three Months* after the Diflblution of tte former Parliament.

Cromwell

of the Rehellion, &c. 483

Cromwell with his Coundl of Officers was ready tocromweli
receive them, and made them a long difcourfe of << Tlic fear/f"*^' '•
« of God, and the honour due to his Name, fall of Texts of '^;;^„
^^ Scripture ^ and remembered ^ The wonderful Mercies of God them sn u-
^*to this Nation, and the continued Series of Providence, y?rMw#iif/if
^ by which he had appeared in carrying on his Caufe , and ''/*"! *^*"
** bringing Afiairs into that prefent glorious Condition, where- '*•"''•'•
** in they how were. He put them in mind of " The noble
" Adtions of the Army in tne famous Viftory of Worcefier, of
^ the Applications they had made to the Parliament, for a
^good fettlement of all the Affairs of the Common- wealth,
^^ the neglect whereof made it abfolutely neceflary to diflblve
^it. He afTured them by many Arguments, fome of which
were urged out of Scripture, "That they had a very lawful
^Call to take upon them the fupreme Authority of the Na*
« tion, and concluded with a very earned defire, " That great
^ tendernefs might be ufcd towards all Confcientious PeiK>ns,
^ o^ what judgment foever they appeared to be.

When he had Bnifh'd his Difcoufc, he delivered to them
an Initrument engroded in -Parchment under his Hand and
Seal, whereby, with the advice of his Council of Officer^,
he did devolve , and intruft the fupreme Authority of this
Common wealth into the hands of thofe Ferfons therein men-
tioned i and declared, "That they, or any forty of them wefe
^ to be held and acknowledged the fupreme Authority of the
" Nation, to which all Perfons within the fame, and the Ter-
^ ritories thereunto belonging, were to yield Obedience and
"Subjediion to the third day of the Month of Novtmherj
" which Ihould be in the year 165:4, which was about a year
and three Months from the time that he fpoke to thcmi^ and
three Months before the time prefcribM ihould expire, thejr
were to nuke choice of other Perfons to fucceed them, whofe
Power and Authority fliould not exceed one year, and then
they were likewife to provide, and take care for a like Suc-
cclhon in the Government. Being thus invefted with this ^^^^
Authority, they repair'd to the Parhament Houfc, and made \]IJ^/^^
choice of one Rottje to be their Speaker, an old Gentleman oiamfi^ Mid
DruQU'/bire^ who had been a Member of the former Parlia- «A#»^Roufe
ment, and in that time been preferr'd and made Provoft of ^''^
the College of Eatm^ which Office he then enjoy'd, with an '^''^''*
rainion of having fome knowledge in the Latin and Greek
Tongues, but of a very mean underfhinding, but throughly
engaged in the Guilt of the Times.

A T their firft coming together, fome of them had the Mo-
defty to doubt, that they were not in many refpeds fo well
qualilied as to take upon them the Style and Title of a Par-
liament. But that Modefty was quickly fubdued^ and they

I i 4 were

4^84^ The Hift&ry Book XIV.

THny dfumiwerc MGly pcrfwaded to aflume that Titl«, and to confidev
'*' ^^"^thcmfelves as the fopreme Authority in the Nation. Thefe
ment:"' ^^ ^^"^ brought together continued in this Capacity near
fix Months to the amaZieroent, and even mirth of the People.
' . In which time they never entcr'd into any grave and ferious

inis^Mi' Debate^ that might tend to any fetrlemenr, but generally ex-
c^ifHUA- preded ffreat iharpnefs and animoTity againli the Clergy^ and
titns. againftalLLeaming, out of which they thought the Clergy had
grown, and (till would grow.

THfiR« were now no Biihops for them to be angry with^
they had already reduced all that Order to the lowelt diitrefs.
But their quarrel was againll: all who had called thcmfelves
Minifters, and who^ by being called foy receiv'd Tythes, and
i^fpea from their Neighbours. They iook'd upon the Fun-
aion it fclf to be Anti-Chriftian, and the Perfons to be bur-
thenforoe to the People, and the requiring, and payment of
Tythes to be abfoiute Judaifm, and they thought fit that they
(hould be abohlh'd altogether ^ and thac there might not for
the time to come be any race of People who might revive
thofe pretences, they propofed " That ail Lands belonging to
^'the Univerfities, and Colleges in thole Univerfities, might
<*be fold, and the Monies that ihouidarife theieby, bedif-
*'* pofed for the Publick Service, and to eafe the People from
^ the payment of Taxes and Contributions.

W H.fe N they had tired and perplexed themfelves fo long
in fucb Debates, aflbon as they were met in the morning upon
.the twelfth o{ Decenther^ and before many ot them were come
.who were like to diifcnt from the Motion, one of them ftood
up and declared, " That he did believe, they were not equal
^ to the Burthen that was laid upon tliem, and therefore that
** they might diflblve themfelves, and deliver back their Au-
?^ thority into Their Hands from whom they had receiv'd it ;
0n the liffe which being prefently confented to, their Speaker, with thofe

tJ^iiv^' ^^'^ ^^^^ °^ ^^^^ mndy went to Whtte-Hall^ and redelivered
^,tp flgir' to Cromnveli the Inftrument they had receiv'd from him, ac-
f9mer n knowledged their own Impotency, and befought him to take
Cromwell, care of the Common-wealtn.

By this firank Donation He and his Council o^ Officers
were once more pofleQed of the Supreme Soveraign Power of
the Nation. And in few days after, his Council were too
modeft to (hare with him in this Royal Authority, but de-
clared, « TJiat the Government of the Common-wealth Qiould
*' relide in a (ingle Perfon; that That Perfon (hould be Oliver
Cromwell ^ Cromwellj Captain General of all the Forces in Englandy
^hi4(0iM-f^ Scot/avd, and Ireland^ and that his Title ihould be Lord
'^!f^m' "^'■^'^'^^ of the Common, wealth of England^ ScbtUnd^ and
Urdp'rZ ^ Ireland, and of the Dominions and Territohes thereunto
t»5or,, "belonpngi

of the Rebellion, Sec. 48 jr

^ belonging^ and that He (hould have a Council of one and
•* twenty Pedbns to be Affiltant to him in the Government.

Most Men did now conclude, that the folly and fottilh-
nefi of diis lalt Adembly was fo much fbrefeen, that, from
their very firit coming together, it was determined what
ihould follow their DifTolution. For the method that fuc-
ceeded, could hardly have been compofed in fo fhort a time
after, by Perfons who had not confultedupon the contingency
fome time before. It was upon the twelfth of Decem^r^ that
the final! Parliament was diablv'd, when many of the Mem-
bers, who came to the Houfe as to their ufual confultations,
found that they who came before, were gone to Whit e-Hall to
* be diflblv'd ; which the other never thought of : And upon December
the fixtecnth day, the Commiflioners of the Great Seal, withJ^•^^*^^
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen, were fent for to attend Crom- iv^ftmin-
mnU and his Council to Weftminfter'Hall., it bein^ then Vaca- fter.Hall
tion-time ; and being come thither, the Commiflioners fitting AC€*riUng n
upon their ufiiai Seat, and not knowing why they were fcnt ||J^^\7^,.
for, the Declaration of the Council of Officers was read, J^ J;^, **
whereby Cremwell was made Protedtor j who ftood in the
Court uncovered, whilll what was contain'd in a piece of
Parchment was read, which was call'd the Jrifhument of Go- rite S»h^
venmemt ; whereby it was ordain'd, "That the Protedtor (liould fi^^^ •/ '"'•
^call a Parliament once in every three years; that the firft

* Parliament Ihould be Conven'dupon the third day of Sep*
"/#wi^ following, which would be in the year 1654; ^"^
^ that he fhould not diflblve any Parliament once met, till
^ they had fate five Months ; that fuch Bills as (liould be pre-
** [cmed to him by the Parliament, if they fliould not be con-
«firm'd by him within twenty days, Ihould pafi without
^ him, and be look'd upon as Laws : That he (hould have a
« felcdt Council to allilt him, which (liould not exceed the
« Number of one and twenty, nor belefs than thirteen : That
^ immediately after his death, the Council (liould choofe an-
<* other Protedtor, before they rofe : I'hat no Protedtor after
"him (hould be General of the Army : That the Protedtor
« (hould have power to make Peace and War : Thar, with the
«con(ent of his Council, he (hould make Laws, which (liould

* be binding to the Subjedis during the intervals of Parliament. .^ •

Whilst this was reading, c>^»ni7^// had his hand upon crotnvd!
the Bible ; and it being read, he took his Oath, " That he '<« ^
** .would not violate any thing that was contain'd in that In- ^'"''^ ^ •*"
**ftruroent of Government; but would ob(erve, and caufe'^"'"
" the fame to be obferv'd ; and in all things, according to the
«l)eft ofhisunderftanding, govern the Nation according to
^ the Laws, Statutes, and Cuitoms, feeking Peace and cauQn^

<<Jufticeand Law to be equally adminifter'd.

This

496 TheHiJiory Book XIV.

This new invented Ceremony being in this noanner per-
form'd, He himfelf was covered, and all the reft bare ; and
Lmmtert^ who was then the fecond Perfon in the Army, car-
ried the Sword before his Highnefs ( which was the Style he
took from thenceforth ; to his Coach , all they whom he
call'd into ity fitting bare : and fo he retum'd to White^Hall ;
Hr • p- and immediately Proclamation was made by a Herald, in the
jf^J^ Fslaee-Tard at WiftmnfieTy « « That the late Parliament having
^m^iw. fc diflblv'd themielves, anid refign'd their whole Power and
** Authority, the Government of the Common- wealth of
^^ EngLmd^. Scotland^ and Ireland^ by a Lord Protedlor, and
^fucceOive Triennial Parliaments, was now eftablifii'd : And
- . ^^vihtvesLS Oliver crmmuetly Captain General of all the Forces
<*ofthe Common- wealth, is declared Lord Protedlor of the
' ^^iaid Nations, and bad accepted thereof, publication was
<« now made of the fame^ and all Perfons, of what Quality
<^ or Condition foever, in any of the faid three Nations^ were
^ {h-i<fl]y charged and commanded to take notice thereof, and
^* to conform and fubmit themfelves to the Government fo
"eftablifh'd j and all SherilSS, Mayors, ^c. were required to
<<publiih this Proclamation, totheend that none might have
^ caufe to pretend Ignorance therein. Which Proclamation
was at the fame time publifh^d in cheapfide by the Lord Mayor
of London ^ and, with all poffible expedition, by the Sherifis,
and other Officers, throughout En^and^ Scotland^ and Ire'-
7*ff ci^ in- ia„^^ ^xxd in fome time after, the City of London invited
Gf^v'" ^^^ ^^^ Protedor to a very fplendid Entertainment at Gro^
Hall. " ars'HaOy upon an j^Wednefday y the Streets being railed,
and the Solemnity of his Reception fuch as had been at any
time perform'd to the King : And He, as like a King, gra-
cioufly conferred the honour of Knighthood upon the Lord
Mayor at his departure.

1 N this manner, and with fa little pains , this extraordi-
nary Man, widiouc any other reafon than becaufe he had a
mind to it, and without the afliftance, and againft the defire
of all Noble Perfons or Men of Quality, or of any Number
of Men, who, in the beginning oi^ the Troubles, were poC-
bStd of three hundred pounds Lands by the year, mounted
himfelf into the Throne of three Kingjdoms , without the
Name of King, but with a greater Power and Authority than
had ever been exercifed, Gt claimed by any King; and re-
ceived greater evidence and manifeftation of refpcdt , and
cfteem, from all the Kings and Princes in chrifiendomy than
tad ever been Ihew'd to any Monarch of thofe Nations :
which was fo much the more notorious, in that they all ab-
horr'd him, when they trembled at his Power, and courted
his Fricndfhip.

Though

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 4.87

Though during this laft year's unfcttlement in Ewgf^d^
Crpwnjeil had, tx piemtudme f$teflatssj taken care that there
was a good Winter Guard of Ships in the Dowwsy yet the
DtUeh had enjoy'd a very fruitful harveft of Trade during
chat confii&on^ and fufpen(ion of Power ^ and had fent out
their Fleets of Merchant Men under a Convoy, by the North
of S€$$immdj and, by the return of that Convoy, received their
Fleet from the Bsltkk with fecurity : So that, upon the hope
thofe domeftick contentions in E^glamd would not be ib fooa
compofed, they begun to recover their Spirits again. Bur
Cr^mweU had no looner broke the long Parliament, bur, with'^^'j^ 'j"
great diligence, he caufed a llrong Fleet to be made rctidyfl^^lthln.
againft the Spring; and committed the Command ihtrcof to d»r three
three Admirals joyntly ; Biaiey a Man well known, but noz-^^f^*'^'-
thought entirely enough devoted to Cromwell ^ Monk^ whom
he called out of Scotknd as his own Creature ; and Dean^ a
ixteer Sea-noan, grown, from a common Mariner, to the re-
putation of a bold and excellent Officer.

This Fleet in the beginning of Jime in the year i6y;,
met with the D$ttcJb about the middle Seas over between Dtf-
ver and Zeeland; and made what hafte they could to engage
them. But the Wind not being favourable, it was noon be-
fore the Fight begun; which continued very fliarp till the
nffiht parted them, without any vifible advantage to cither
6My iave that Deany one of the Euglifb Admirals, was kill'd
by a Cannon fliot from the Rear- Admiral of the DutcL The
next morning, tlie DuUb having the advantage of the fmall
Wind that was, the Lngiijh charged fo fiirioufly upon the J'^- ^«*
tlHckeft part of them, without difcharging any of their Guns ^^]['f^fj^^
till they were at a very fmall diltancc, that they broke their
Squadrons; and in the end forced them to fly, and make all
the Sail they could ibr their own Coalts, leaving behind them
eleven of their Ships; which were all taken; befides fix
which were funk. The Execution on the Dtach was verv
great, as was likewife the number of the Prifoncrs, as well
QflScers as Soldiers. The lofs of the Engiifh was greateft in
their General Dean : there was, befides him, but one Captain,
and about two hundred Common Sea-men kill'd : the Num-
ber of the wounded was greater; nor did they lofc one Ship,
nor were fo difabled but that they followed with the whole
Fleet to the Coaft of Holiandy whither the other fled ; and
being got into the Fhty and the Texel^ the Englijb for feme*
timeblock'd them up in their own Harbors, taking all fuch
Ships as came bound for thofe parts. ^^^ ,^^^

This great Defeat fo humbled the States, that they madeyj^^y;^^
flllpoffible hafteto fend four Commiflioners into England lo commijffn*
mediate for a Treaty, and a Ceflation of Arms; who v^erc^r^rotre^f.

rccciv'd *^^'^'*-

4.S8 TbeHiflory Book XIV.

received very loftily by crotrnpelly and with fome rcprehehfion
for their want of warinefs in entring into fo unequal a Con*
tention ; yet He declared a gracious inclination to a Treaty,
till the conclufion whereof he could admit no Ceflation ;
which being known in Holland^ they would not (lay fo long
under the reproach and difadvantage of being befieged, and
(hut up in their Ports ^ but made all poflible hafte to prepare
another Fleet, ftrong enough to remove the Engtifh from their
Coafts ; which they believ'd was the bcft Expedient to ad-
vance their Treaty : and there cannot be a greater Inftance
of the opulcncy df that People, than that they ihould be able,
after fo many lodes, and fo late a great Defeat, in fo (hort a
time to fet out a Fleet ftrong enough to vifit thofe who had
fo lately overcome them, and who (liut them within their
Ports.

Their Admiral Trump h^id, with fome of the Fleet, re-
tired into the WieringSj at too great a diftance from the other
Ports foi- the Englilh Fleet to divide it felf. He had, with
a marvellous Induftry, caufed his hurt Ships to be repair'd ;
and more fevere punilhment to be inflidted on thofe who had
' behaved themfelves cowardly, than had ever been ufcd in that
State. And the States publiih'd fo great and ample rewards
to all Officers and Sea-men who would, in that conjuncture,
rrump repair to their Service, that by the end of July^ within lefs
9ith Mother ^^^^ ^^^ Months after their Defeat, he came out of the
Hitt before Wierlngs with a Fleet of ninety and five Men of War ; which
•^ wi If aflbon as the EngUJlp had notice of, they made towards him.
V^' But the Wind rifmg, they were forced to ftand more to Sea,
for fear of the Sands and Shelves upon that Coaft. Where-
upon Van Trumps all that Night, ftood into the Texel-^ where"
hejoyn'd five and twenty more of their belt Ships j and with
this Addition, which made an hundred and twenty Sail, he
faced the Engi'^h j who, being at this time under the Com-
mand of Monk alone, kept ftiU to the Sea ^ and having got a
little more room, and the Weather being a little clearer,
tack'd about, and were received by the Dutch with great cou-
rage and gallantry.
A%viher T H li Battle continued very hot, and bloody on both fides.
Sea, Ffght ; from (ix of the Qock in the Morning till one in the After-
J^^^ffjg noon ; when the Admiral of Holland^ the famous Van Trumpy
EogliA.?*? whilft he very Cgnallv perform^ the Office of a brave and
the ymorj, bold Commandcr, wa^ Ihot with a Mufqaet Bullet into the
heart, of which he fell dead without fpeaking word. This
blow broke the courage of the reft; who feeing many of
their Companions burnt and funk, after having endured very
hot Service, before the Evening, fled, and made all the Sail
they could towards the Ttxel-^ the Engbjb were not in a con-^
' dition

of the Rehellion, &c. 489

dition to purfue chem ; but found themfeivcs obliged to re-
tire to their own Coafi, both to prcTcrve and mend their
maim'd and tore Ships, and refrdh their wounded Men.

This Battle was the molt bloody chat had been yet
fought, both fides rather endeavouring the deiirudion of
. their Enemies Fleet than the taking their Ships. On the Hel-
hmier\ part, between twenty and thirry ot their Ships of
War were fired, or funk, and above one rhoufand Frifoners
taken. The Viftory colt the BaigHJh dear tooj for four hun-
dred common Men, and eight Captains, were llain out right,
and above feven hundred common Men, and five Captains,
wounded. But they loft only one Ship, which was burn'd ;
and two or three more, though carried home, were difabled
Ibr farther Service. The moltfenfible part of the lofstothc
J}uUh was the death of their Admiral Van Trumpy who, in
refpedl of his Maritime experience, and the frequent Adiions
he had been engaged in, might very well be reckoned amongft
Che moil eminent Commanders at Sea of that Age, and to
whofe memory his Country is farther indebted than they hav»
yet acknowledged.

This was the laft Engagement at Sea between the two
Common- wealths : for as the Dutch were, by this laft Defeat,
and lofs of their brave Admiral, totally difpirited , and gave
their Commiflioners at London order to profecute the Peace up-
on any conditions, fo Cromwili^ being by this time become Pro- cromwell
tcAoty was weary enough of lb chargeable a War, and knew »4^« Peda
he had much to do to fettle the Government at home, and""*'^/**
that he might choofe more convenient Enemies abroad, who J^^ "^
would neither be able to defend themfelves as well, or to do
him fo much harm, as the Hollanders had done, and could do.
And therefore when he had drawn the Dutch to accept of
fuch conditions as he thought fit to give them ; among which
one was, " That they fliould not fuflfer any of the King^ Party,
*^ or any Enemy to the Common-wealth of Eftg/and, to re-
^fide within their Dominions : and another, which was con-
tained in a fecret Article , to which the Great Seal of the
States was affix'd, by which they obliged themfelves " Never
*• to admit the Prince of Orange to be their State-holder, Ge-
**neral, or Admiral; and likewife to deliver up the Ifland of
^^ Pokrone in ihtEaft'Indies ( which they had taken from the
E^giifl) in the time of King James ^ and ufurped it ever fince)
^ into the hands of the Eafi India EngUp^ Company again j and
to pay a good Sum of Money for the old barbarous violence
exercifed fo many years fince at Amhoyna ; for which the two
laft Kings coulcl never obtain facisfa<^ion and reparation :
about the middle of April 165*4, He made a Peace with the
States General^ with all the advantages he could defirc, hav-
ing

4.90 TheHi/ior/ Book XIV.

ing indeed all the Peiibns of power and interelt there, faft
bound 10 him upon their joync interelt.
B; mAket And having now render'd bimfeif terrible abroad y He
Portugal forced Portugal to fend an Embafladour to beg Peace, and to
^V ^"" fubmit to expiate the oflence they had committed in recJeiv-
^TeaTe. *°g Prince Ritpirty by the payment of a great Sum of Mo-
ney ; and brought the two Crowns' ofFrattce and Sfam to fue
for his AUyance. He fufpended for a time to Choofe a new
Enemy, that he might make himfelf as much obey'<i at hbme,
Veperfecute^tLS he was fcar'dabroad : and in order to that, he profecuted
fke King^i all thofc who had been of the King's Party with the utmoft
Martj, Rigour; laid new impofitions upon them, and upott every
light rumour of a Conipiracv, clapp'dup all thofe whom he
' tmxight fit to fufpedt , into clofe Prifobs ^ eiijoy n'd others not
rro ftir from their own Houfes, and baniihM all who had ever
been in Arms for the King, from the Qties of lAmdon md
Wefimmflefy and laid Other penalties upon them, contrary to
the Articles granted to riiem when they gave up their Arm J,
and to the indemnity upon making their Compodtions.

The difconrcnts were general oyer the whole Kingdom^
and among all forts of People, of what Party foever. The
ru^genirAi Presbyteriaus preach'd boldly againft the Liberty of Confci-
^y^"^^^' encc, and the monftrous Licence that fprung from thence ;
and they who cnjoy'd that Licence were as unfatisfied with
the Government as any of the reft ; talk'd more loudly, and
chreaten'd the Perfonof Ooffinu^^f more than any. But into
ihefe difterapers C/v^npe// was not inquilitive ; nor would give
thofe Men an opponunity to talk, by calling them in que-
ition, who, he knew, would fay more trian he was willing any
body fliould hear 3 but intended to mortify thofe unruly Spi-
rits at the charge of the King's Party, and with the SpedtacJe
of their fuflfering upon any the tnoft trivial occafion. And if,
in this general licence or difcourfe, any Man who was fufpe-
Aed to wifh well to the King, let fall any light word againft
the Government, he was fure to be catt in Prifon, and to be
purfued with ail poffible feverity and cruelty : and he could
not want frequent opportunities of revenge this way. It was
the greateft confolation to miferable Men, who had, in them-
felvesor their Friends, been undone by their Loyalty, to meet
together, and lament their conditions : and this brought on
invedtives againft the Perfon of Cromwell*^ Wine, and good
Fellowlhip, and the continuance of the difcourfe, difpofing
them to take notice of the univerfal hatred that the whole Na-
tion had of him, and to fancy how eafy it would be to de-
ftroy him. And commonly there was, in all thofe meetings,
fonje corrupted Perfon of the Party, who fomented moftthe
difcourfe, and, for a vile rccoropence, betray'd his Compani*

ons

wHihsKd"
tiao.

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 49 f

ons^ and, inlbrm'd of all, and more than had been faid. Where-
upon a new Plot was difcover'd againft the Common-wealth
and the Peribn of the Protestor, and a high Court of Juftice
was prefently eredled to try the Criminals j which rarely ab-
folv'd any Man who was brought before them. But to this . ^
kind of Trial they never expofed any Man but thofe of the
King's Party -y the other, of whom they were more afraid, had • ■

too many Friends to fufibr them to be brought before fuch a
Tribunal ; which had been firft ereAed to murder the King
himfelf, and continued to root out all who adher'd to him.
No Man who had ever been againft the King (except he
became afterwards for him) was ever brought before that ex-
travagant Power ; but fuch were remitted to the Trial of the
Law by Juries, which feldom condemn'd any.

The very next Month after the Peace was made, ft)r the ^ ""i?*
better eftablilhment of CrommelFs Empire, a High Court of J*^'^^*
Juftice was erefied for the Trial of Perfons accufcd o^JZ^th*^
• ^* Holding correfpondence with Charles Stewart (which W2LSurTbePedn
the Style they allow'd the King) **And for having a defign»"^ HoI-
« againft the life of the Protedtor, tofeife upon the Tower, **"^-
** and to proclaim the King. The chief Perfons they accufed ^^ ^'«'
of this were, M"^ GerrarJy a young Gentleman of a good Fa- y^^^^
mily, who had been an Enfign in the King's Army, but was bff7retim
not at prefent above twenty two years of Age : the other, one
Ml* Vowel y who kept a School, and taught many Boys about
Iflingtov, Mr Gerrard was charged with <* Having been at Pa-
** risy and having there fooken with the King ^ which he con-
fefled; and declared ** That he went to Parid upon a bufinefs
** that concerned himfelf (which he named) ** and when he
<* had difpatched it, and was to return for England^ he defircd
** the Lord Gerrard^ his Kinfman, to prefent him to the King^
^ that he might kifs his hand j which he did in a large Room^
^ where were many prefent j and that, when he asked his Ma-
<^je(ty, whether he would command him any Service into
^^&gland} his Majefty bid him to commend him to his
*« Friends there, and to charge them that they fhould be quier,
<*and not engage thcmfelves in any Plots; which muft prove
** ruinous to them, and could do the King no good : which
was very true ; for his Majefty had obferv^ fo much of the
temper of the People at his being at Worcejlery and his con-
cealment after, the fear they were under, and how fruitlefs
any Infurre&ion muft be, that he endeavour'd nothing more
than to divert, and fupprefs all inclinations that way. How-
ever this High Court of Juftice receiv'd proof, that Mr &-
rsrd and Mr Vowel had been prefent with iome other Gentle- "
men in a Tavern, where difcourfe had been held, " How eaiy
« a thing it was to kill the Protcftor, and at ijhe fame time rx^

«fcifc

M

4.9X The Hiftory Book S!lV.

^'feife upon the Tower of lAndomy and that, if at the bss^
^ time tne King were proclaira'd, the Qty of London woiidd
^^ prefently declare for his Majefty, and no body would op*
" pofe hira.
ThtjM Upon this Evidence, thefe two Gentlemen were con*
J^^'^ dcmn'd to be hang'd ^ and upon the tenth of July^ about two
mcMr^^ Months after they had been in Prijipn, a Gallows was ereded
Charing, at charmg-Crofs y whither M' Fimel was brought^ who was a
Croft: bis Perfon utterly unknown to the King, and to any Perfon en*
■MP^ trufted by hira, but verv worthy to have his name, and mc-
mmt^Ms- jj^Qj^y preferv'd in the Lift of thofe who fhew'd molt magna-
nimity and courage in (aaificing their Lives for the Crown.
JHe cxprefled a marvellous contempt of death ^ "Which, he
laid, ''He fufier'd without having committed any fault. He
profefied his duty to the King, and his reverence for the
Church y and earneftly and pathetically advifed the People to
return to their fidelity to both j ^ Which, he told them " they
<^ would at laft be cotnpeird to do after all their Sufferings^.
He addreOed himfelf moft to the Soldiers y told them, " How
^ unworthily they proftitutcd themfelves to ferve the Ambi*
*'tion of an unworthy Tyrant j and conjured them "To for«
" fake Him, and to (erve the King ^ which, he was fure, they
" would at laft do. And fo having devoutly recommended
the King, and the Kingdom, and Himfelf to God in very

f)ious Prayers, he ended his Life with as much Chriftian Re-
blution, as can be expected fi:om the moft compofed Con*
fcicnce.
Mr Gerard The Proteftor was prevail'd with to fliew more refpeft
beheaded 9n fo M.^ Gerard iu caufing him to be beheaded, who was brought
Imll'the ^^^ Afternoon of the lame day to a Scaffold upon the Tower^
mfumom \f H'//. But they were fo ill pleafed with the behaviour of Him
the famt who fufiercd in the Morning, that they would not permit the
^' other to fpeak to the People, but preffed him to difcover all

the Secrets of the Plot and Confpiracy . He told them, " Thac
<^ if he had a hundred lives, he would lofe them all to do the
^^ Kin^ any fervice ; and was now willing to die upon that
" fufpicion j but that he was very innocent of what was charge
^^ed againft him; that he had not entered into, orconfenced
^* to any Plot or Confpiracy, nor given any countenance to
<^ any difcourfe to that purpofe : and ofier'd again to fpeak to
the People, and to magnify the King : upon which they would
The fame not fufier him to proceed ; and thereupon, with great and un-
day and dauuted courage, he laid down his head upon the Block.
poTtagll The fame day was concluded with a very exemplary piece
jejw^jJh of Juftice, and of a very different, nature from the other two.
d9wr*i Bt^ The EmbafiTadour of Portugal had a very fplendid Equipage,
^tZ^ and in his Company his Brother Don Pantajeon Sa^ a Knight

Of the Rehellion, &c. 4.93

of Mahay and a Man eminent in many great Adlions ; who
out of curioGcy accompanied his Brother in this Embafiy, that
he might fee Ewgiand, This Gentleman was of a hauglity
and imperious nature j and one day being in the new Ex-
change, upon a fuddain accident, and miltake, had a Quarrd
with that Mf Gerrard^ whom we now left without his Head ;
who had then return'd feme negligence and contempt to thcf
Rodomontadoes of the F§ftuiuiJ'ey and had left him fenfible
of receiving fome affront. \Vhercupon the Don repaired thi-
ther again the next day, with many Servants, better arm'd,
and provided for any Encounter, imagining he (iiould there
find his former Adverfary, who did not expcdl that vifit. But
the Portuiuefe not diltinguifliing Perfons, and finding many
Gentlemen walking there, and, amonglt the relt, one he be-
lieved very like the other , he thought he was not to lofe the
occafion, and entered into a new (parrel ; in which a Gehtie-
man utterly unacquainted with what had foritierly paOed,-
and walking there accidentally, was kill'd, and others hurt ;
upon which, the People rifing from all the Neighbour places,
D&n Pantaieou thought fit to make his retreat to his Brother's
Houfe ; which he did, and caufed the Gates to be lock'd, and

tut all the Servants in Arms to defend the Houfe againft the
'eople ; which had purfued him, and Hock'd now together
from all parts to apprehend thofe who had caufed the diiorder,'
and had kili'd a Gentleman.

The Embaffadour knew nothing of theafl&ir, butloqk'd
upon himfclf as affronted, and aflaulted by a rude Multitucie^
and took care to defend his Houfe till the Juilice fliould allay
the Tumult. Cromavell Was quickly advertifed of the info-^
lence, and fent an Officer with Soldiers to demand and feiie
upon all the Perfons who had been engaged in the A£tion :
and fo the Embafladour came to be informed of the truth of
the ftory, with which he was exceedingly affliftcd and afto-
nilh'd. The Officer demanded the Perfon of his Brother^
Who was well known, and the relt of thofe who were prefent,
to be delivered to him, without tvhich he would break open
the Houfe, and find them wherever they were concealed.
The Emb^adour demanded the Privilege that was due to
his Houfe by the Law of Nations, and which he would defirnd
againft any Violence with his own Life, and the Lives of all
hu Family; but finding the Officer refolute, and that he
thould be too weak in tne Encounter, he defired refpite till
he might fend to the Protedlor ; yhich was granted to him.
He complain'd of the Injury that was done him, and defired
an Audience. Cromwell fent him word, " That a Gentlemaii
«■ had been murther'd, and many others hurt j and that Juftice
^ muft be fatisfied j and therefore required that all Che Per-*
' Vol, HI. Fare 2. K fc ^^fon«

494. TheHiftory Book XIV.

<< Tons engaged might be deliver'd into the haads of his Offi«
<< cer ; without which, if he fliould withdraw the Soldiers,
<^ and deOit the requiring ity the People would pull down the
^^Houfe, and execute luHice themfelves ^ of which he would
<^not anfwer for the e&d:. When this was done, he fiiould
<^ have an Audience, and ail the fatisfadtion it was in his power
^ to give. The £mba£&dour delired ^ That his Brother, and
<< the reft, might remain in his Houfe, and he would be re-
^ fpoofible, and produce them beforie the Juftice as the time
^ (hoMld be adign'd. But nothing would ferve but the delivery
of the Perfons, and the Pec^leiencreafed their cry << That they
^^would pull down, the Houfe. Whereupon the Embafladour
was compeU'd to deliver up his Brother, and the reit of the
Pfcrfonsi who were allijent.Prifoners lo Newgate. The Em-
b^idkdour ufed all the Inftances he could for his Brother, be-
ing wiliing to leave the reft to the mercy of the Law ; but
could receive no other anrwer,but << Thatjultice muft bedone y
and Juflice was done to the full ^ for they were all brought to
their Tryal at the Seffions at Newgatty and there fo many of
them condemned to be hang'd as were found guilty. The reft
of thofe who were condemned, were executed at Tsburn ^ and
Don PMttaleim himfelf was brought to the Scafloid on Ttmer-
Hill,, as aObon as Mr Gerard- was executed ^ where he loft his
head with lefs grace than his Antagonift had done.
Ttjeconditi' Though the Protcdtor had nothing now to do but ac
FmSlrin home,; Helland having accepted Peace upon his own terms,
refpe&ofhis Fortugai bought it at a fiiU price, and upon an humble Sub-
NetihOturj. miffion, Denmark being contented with fach an Allyance as
he was pleaied to make with them, and France and Spam con-
tending,, by their Embafladours, which fliould render them-
-Vie Sure oficWes moft acceptable to him; Scotland lying under a heavy
Scotland Yoke by the ftrid: Government of Afonk^ who after the Peace
under htm ; ^-^j^ ^j^^ Dutch was feut back to govcm that Province, which
was reduced under the Government of the Engli/h Laws, and
their Kirk, and Kirkmen, entirely fubdued to the obedience
^/Ireland, of the State with reference to Affemblies, or Synods; Ire/and
being confcfledly fubdued, and no oppofition made to the Pro-
teftor's Commands; (b that Commillions were fent to divide
all the Lands which had belong'd to the IrtJ?^^ or to thofe Ens'
lijh who had adhered to the King, amongft thofe Adventurers
who had fupplied Money for the War, and the Soldiers and
Officers ; wno were in great Arrears for their pay, and who
receivM liberal AlTignations in Lands; one whole Province
being referved for the Iriflj to be confined to ; and all tbefe
Divilions made under the Government of his younger Son,
Harry Cromvjeli^ whom he fent thither as his Lieutenant of
that Kingdom; wholiv'd inthc full Grandeur of the Office ;

notwirh-

I

Of the ReheUion^ &c. 4.9 y

Botwithftandingall this, EMglMfJ prov'd not yec fo Cowardly as Dijfunt
he ezpeded. Famej and che moft confuicrable Men of the In-'*^"'^ '"'^
dependent Party, from the time he had curn'd ihcm out of*******^ "
the Parliament^ and fo diflblv'd it, retired quieily to their
Houfes in the Country j poy fon'd the Adedions ot their Neigh-
bours towards the Government ; and iolt nothing ot their
aedic with the People j yet carried themfelves fo warily, that
they did nothing to dilturb the Peace of che Nation, or to
give Crpmweli any advantage againlt them upon which to caU
them in queftion.

There were another Ids wary, becaufe a more defperatr '^*^'l^ ''*
Party, which were the Levellers^ many whereof had been ''^****^'"
the moft adtive Agitators in the Army, who had executed his
Orders and Defigns in inceniing the Army againit the Parlia-
ment, and had l^en at chat time his fole (Jontidents and Bed-
fellows; who, from the time that he afliimcd the Title of
Procedor, which to them was as odious as chat of King, pro
fefled a mortal hatred to his Perfon ; and he well knew both
thefe People had too much credit in his Army, and with
fome principal Officers of it. Of thefe Men he itood in more
fiear than of ail the King's Party ; of which he had in truth
very little apprehenfion, though he coloured many of the pr^
parations he made againlt the other, as if provided againlt the
dangers threaten'd from them.

But the time drew near now, when he was obliged by w*f4«/ d
the Inltrumenc of Government, and upon his Oath, to call a l^'*^^'^^'*^
Parliament ; which feemM to him the only means left to com* lUtltiL

efe the minds of the People to an entire fubmiflion to his
>vemment. In order to this Meeting, though he did not
obferve the old courfe in fending Writs out to all the little
Boroughs throughout England^ which ufe to fend Burgefles
(by which Method fome (ingle Counties fend more Members
to the Parliament, than Gx other Counties do) he thought
he took a moxt equal way by appointing more Knights for
every Shire to be chofen, and fewer Burgefles ; whereby the
number of the whole was much leflen'd j and yet, the People
being left to their own Eledtion, it was not by him thought
an ill temperament, and was then generally look'd upon as
an alteration fie to be more warrantably made, and in a bet^
tcr time. And fo, upon the receipt of his Writs, Eledtions
were made accordingly in all places ; and fuch Perfons, for
the moft parr, chofen and recurn'd, as were believ'd to be the
beft affefted to the prefent Government, and to thofe who had
any Authority in it ^ there being Itrict Order given, " That
" no Perfon who had ever been againlt the Parliament dur-
« ing the time of the Civil War, ux the Sons of any fuch
« Perfons, ihould be capable of being chofen to fit in that

K k z " ?9x\vi-

495 The Hiftory Book XIV.

" Parliament ; nor were any fuch Perfons made choice of.
vk VariU^ T H E day of their meeting was the third of September in
mm meets the year 1054, within lefs than a year after he had been dc-
sepc. 3. Glared Proteaor; when, after they had been at a Sermon in
' ^^. the Abby at Weftminfler they all came into the Painted Cham-
ber; where his Highnefs made them a large difcourfe; and
P^ ^^' . told them "That that Parliament was fuch a Congregation of
SpZh u!^ «« wife, prudent, apd difcreet Perfons, that England had fcarcc
them I ' 'Teen the like : that he ihould forbear relating to them the
<' Series of God's Providence all along to that time, becaufe ic
^* was well known to them j and only declare to them, that
** the eredtion of his prefcnt power was a fuitable providence
** to the relt, by fhewing whac a condition thefe Nations were
•^ in at its eredtion : that Then every Man's heart was againft
*^ anothier's 5 every Man's interelt divided againft another's,
"and almott every thing grown Arbitrary : that there was
^* grown up a general contempt of God and Chrift, the Grace
** of God turn'd into wantonneis, and his Spirit made a Cloak
■** ft)r all wickednefe and prophanenefs, nay, that the Ax was
«* even laid to the root of the Miniftry, and fwarms of Jefuits
^ were continually wafted over hither to confume, and deftrojr
"the Welfare of England : that the Nation was then likewife
*^ eagaged in a deep War with Fortugal, Holland^ and France^
"fo that the whole Nation was one heap of conftifion; but
"'that this prefent Government was calculated for the People's
"Intereft, let malignant Spirits fay what they would; and that,
^* with humblenefe towards God, and modetty towards Them,
" he would recount fomewhat in the behalf of the Govern-
** ment. Firft, it had endeavour'd to reform the Law; it had
*' put into the Seat of Juftice Men of known integrity, and
*' ability; it had fettled a way for probation of Minifters to
" Preach the Gofpel : and betides all this, it had called a free
" Parliament : that, blefled be God, they that day faw a free
** Parliament : then as to Wars, that a Peace was made with
** Denmark^ Sweden^ the DutcJhy and Portstgal, and was like-
" wife near concluding with France : that thefe things were
"but entrances, and doors of hopes; but now he made no
** queftion to enable them to lay the top Stone of the Work,
" recommending to them that maxim, that Peace, though it
*' were made, was not to be trufted farther than it conlifted
** with Interett : that the great Work which now lay upon
"this Parliament, was, that the Government of England might
"be fettled upon terms of Honour ; that they would avoid con-
*' fufions, left Forreign States ihould take Advantage of them ;
** that, as for himfelf, he did not Ipeak like one that would be
** a Lord over them, but as one that would be a Fellow-Ser-
<( vane in that great Aftair : and concluded^ " That they fliould

«go

Of the RehelUon^ &c 497

'^ go to their Houfe, and there mtkc choice of a Speaker :
which they prefently did, and feem'd very unanimous in their
firft Adt, which was the making choice ot IVilliam Lent hall to William
be their Speaker j which Agreement was upon very difagree* Lcnihill
ing Principles. Cromvjellhismg dclign'd him, for lucks lake, 's'eZ'^"*
ftnd being well acquainted with his temper , concluded, that ^
he would be made a property in This, as well as he had been
in the long Parliament, when he aiways complied with thac
Party that was mod powerful. And the other Perfons who
meant nothing that Cromwell did, were well pleafed, out of
hope that the fame Man's being in the Ciiair might tacilit^te
Che renewing and reviving the former Houfe \ which they
looked upon as the true legitimate Parliament, itrangled by
Che Tyranny of Cro^fruielly and ycx that it had life enough left
in it.

Lenthalls was no fooner in his Chair than it was pro- Tsen^Aa-
pofcd, " That they might in the firtt place coniider by what i^i'-
*^ Authority they came thirher, and whether that which had
^' Gonven'd them, had a Lawtul power to that purpofc. From
which Subject the Protedtot's Creatures , and thole of the
Army, endeavour'd to divert them by all the Arguments they
could. Notwithftanding which, the current of the Houfcin-
Cfted upon the firft clearing that point , as the foundation,
upon wtiich all their Counfcls mufl be built : and as many of
the Members potitively enough declared againlt that Power,
b one of them, more confident than the red , faid plainly,
'* chat they might eaGly diicern the Snares which were laid
**to entrap the Privileges of the People ^ and for his own
^ part, as (jod had made him inilrumenral in cutting down
" Tyranny in one Perfon, fo now he could not endure to fee
" the Nation's Liberties (hackled by another, whofe Right to
** che Government couJd not be mcafured otherwife than by
**che length of his Sword, which alone had embolden'd him
** CO Command his Commanders. This Spirit prcvai''d fo
fer, that, for eight days together, thofe of the Council of Of-
ficers, and others ( who were called the Court Party ) could
noc divert the qucftion from being put, ** Whether the Govern-
« ment fliould be by a Protedtor and a Parliament, any other
way than by Icngchning the Debate , and then Adjourn-
ing the Houfe when tne queftion was ready to be rut, bc-
caufe they plainly faw that it would be carried in the Ne-
gative.

wu\ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^f this warm Debate in the I loufc, in
which the Protector's own Pcrlon wiisnoi nrntrtl wuh nnich
reverence, excecdinp.ly iH-iPlo^rJIiiin. rtiulo^h^cil hnnoncc
more to try, wlui irip^. I hu %,.vHi4mM I'i^^Umit w^niM p»j^-
ducc toward* a Wxx^y y mmu^mIm. v % \\^ i m^ «tt^««\*V rJS

49^ TheHi/iory BookXIV.

Cromwell Fainted Chamber, and fent for his Parliament to come to

fii^ f him J and then told them, " That the great God of Heaven and

tbemi»tb9 ^ Earth kne w what GHcf and Sorrow of heart it was to him^

JqJJJJ^Jt. ** ^^ ^^^ *^"^ falling into Heats and Divifions ; that he would

■ * </ have them take notice of this, that the fame Government

^ made Him a Prote<aor,that made Them a Parliament : that

^ as they were intrufted infome things, fo was He in others :

^^ that in the Government were certain fundamentals, which

*^ could not be altered ; to wit, that the Government (hould be

* in alingle Perfon and a Parliament ; that Parliaments (liould

^< not b6 pemetual, and always fitting ; that the Militia (hould

^ not be trufted into one Hand, or Power, but fo as the Par-

^ liament might have a check on the Proteftor, and the Pro-

^ tedlor on the Parliament ; that in matters of Religion there

" ought to be a Liberty of Confcience , and that Perfecution

^ in the Church was not to be Tolerated ; Thefe, he faid,

^ were unalterable fundamentals : as for other things in the

^ Government , thcv were examinable and alterable as the

*^ State of Afl&irs did require: that, for his own part, he was

^ even overwhelm'd with (3rief, to fee that any of them (hould

^ go about to overthrow what was fettled, contrary to the truft

^ they had receiv'd from the People ; which could not but

**bririg very great inconveniences upon thcmfelves and the

^ Nation. When he had made this frank Declaration unto

them what they were to truft to, the better to confirm them

in their duty, he had appointed a Guard to attend at the door

of the Parliament Houfe, and there to reftrain all Men from

entring into the Houfe who refufed to fubfcribe this follow-

He Admits ing Engagement : ^ 1 do hereby promife and engage to be

hontmtothe^ true and feithfiil to the Lord Protestor of the Common-

^' ^ ^ wealth of England^ Scotland^ and Ireland ; and Ihall not ( ac-

feribTdan ^* cording to the tenour of tnis Indenture, whereby I am re-

Zngagement^t^^TvlA to fcrvc in Parliament ) propofe to give any Confent

?• him. « to alter the Government as it is fettled in one Perfon and a

" Parliament.

This Engagement a confiderable part of the Members ut-
terly refufed to fign y and call'd it a violation of the Privilege
of Parliament, and an abfolute depriving them of that free-
dom which was eflential to it. So they were excluded, and
reftrain'd ' from entring into the Houfe : and they who did
fubfcribe it, and had thereupon Liberty to fit there, were yet
fo refratSory to any Propotition that might fettle him in the
Government in the manner he defir'd it^ that^ after the five
Months near fpent in wrangling, and ufelefs difcourfes ( dur-
ing which he was not to attempt the Diflblution of them, by
Ueiijfoives his Inltrument of Govipmment ) he took the firft opportunity
rfewjan. j^ diflplvc thcmj and upon die two and twentictn of 7^-

nuary.

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 499

niunjy with fbtne reproaches^ he let them know he could do the
bufineTs without them : and fo difmifled them with much evi-
dence of his Dirpleafure : and they again retired to their ha-
bitations, refblv'd to wait another opportunity of revenge,
and in the mean time to give no evidence of their fubmitting
to his Ufurpation, by undertaking any Imployment or Office
under his Authority, He as carefully endeavouring and watch-
ing to find fuch an Advantage againll chem, as might make
them lyable to the penalty of the Laws. Yet even his weak- '^«^««»i
nefi and. impotency upon fuch a notorious Advantage, ap- ^]j^7jj,n
pear^d in two very notable Inltances, which happened about ^„^joi,n
chat time, in the Cafe of two Perfons, whofc Names were then Liiburn.
much taken notice of upon the Stage of Affairs, Jokn WU- i^tveiitrr.
iHMnv, znd John LilSum.

The former had been bred a Scholar in the Univerfity of J^^^ wild
Camhridgey and being young, and of a pregnant Wit, in the ™*°'
beginning of the Rebellion meant to msike his Fortune in the
War ^ and chofe to depend upon CromweWs countenance and
advice, when he was not above the degree of a Captain of a
Troop of Horfc himfelf, and was much e(teem*d and valued
by him, and made an Officer j and was fo active in contriv-
ing and fomenting Jeaiouiies and Difcontents, and fo dextrous
in compofing, or improving any Difgults, and fo infpircd
with the Spirit of Praying and Preaching, when thofe gifts
came into requeft, and became thriving Arts, that about the
time when the King was taken firom Hoim^y, and it was ne-
ceflary that the Army Ihould enter into Contetts with the Par-
liament, John Wildman grew to be one of the principal Agi-
tators, and was moft relied upon by Cromwell to infufe thofe
things into the minds of the Soldiers, and to conduA them in
the managery of their Difcontents, as might moft advance
thofe defigns He then had ; and quickly got the reputation of
a Man of Parts j and, having a Imooth Pen, drew many of
the Papers which firft kindled the Fire between the Parlia-
ment and the Army, that was not afterwards extinguifli'd but
in the ruin of Both. His reputation in thofe Faculties made
him quit the Army ; where he was become a Majof ; and
where he kept (till a great Intereft, and betook himfelf to
Civil Affairs, in the ibllicitation of Suits depending in the
Parliament, or before Committees^ where he had much Cre-
dit with thofe who had moft power to do Right or Wrong,
and fb made himfelf neceffary to thofe who had need of fuch
Proteaion from the Tyranny of the time. By thefe Arts he
thrived, and got much more than he could have done in the
Ariny, and kept, and encreafed his Credit there, by the In-
tereft he had in other places. When CromwiU decline the
ways of cttabliihing the Common- wealth, H^ldmdm^ amoogft

K k 4 (he

fOP The Hiftorjf Book XIV.

^e reft, forfook him ^ aod epcer'd, warily into any Coqn-
fels which were like to dedroy him : And upon the diflblutioa
iof thi$ Jaft Parliament, having lefs of fiegm, and (o lefs pa-
pence, th^ other Men, to expe(^ another opportunity, and
in the mean time to leave him to eftablifh his Greatnefs, (le did
))elieve he (hould be able to make fuch a Schifm m the Army»
as would give an opportunity to other enraged Perfpns to take
ve^eance upon him.

a Cr o m w e l l kneyr the Man, and his undermining Facul-

ties * knew he had fome defign in hand, but could not make
stny fuch difcovery as might warrant a publick Ji^rofecprioq ^
but appointed fome trulty Spies (of which he had plenty) to
^atch him very narrowly, and, by being often with him, to
find his Papers J the fpreading whereof, he knew, would be
the Preamble to any Confpiracy of His. Shortly after the
fdiffolution of that Parliament, thefe laftruments of Cromwell's
furprifed him in a Room, where he thought he had been fafe
enough, as he was writing a Declaration; and feifed upon the
tapers^ the title whereof was, " A Declaration, containing
^^ thermions and motives which oblige Us to take up Arms
'^^againft Oiher Cromwe/I^ and though it was not fini(h'd, yet

'^ |n that that w^ done, there was all Venom imaginable ex-

J)refled againft him, and a large and bitter Narration of all his
bul breach of Truft, and Perjuries, enough to have expofed
any Man to the fevereft Judgment of that time; and as much
as he could wifh to difcover againft Him, or any Man whom
he moft defired to deftroy. The IDTue was, the Man was
ftreightly Imprifon'd, and preparations made for his Trial,
and towards his Execution, wl^ich all Men expedled. Bur,
whether Cromweii found th^t there w^re more engaged with
him than co^ld be brought to Juftice, or were fit to be dif-
Cpver'd (as many Men belicv'd) or that JVtldman obliged
himfclf for the time to come iiQt only to be quiet, but to be
i Spy for him upon others ( as others at that time (ufpefted,
and had reafon for it afterwards ) after a (hort time of Impri-
(onment, the Man was reftored to his liberty ; and reforted,
with the fame fuccefs and reputation to his former courfe of
Life; in which he thrived very iiotably.
TohnLil. The Cafe oijphn I^lhuru was much more wonderful,
V'^- and adminifter'd more occafion of difcourfe and obfervation.
ThisMai^ before the Troubles, was ^ poor Book-binder;
and for procuring foipe Seditious Pamphlets againft the Church
and State to hp printed and difperfcd^ had been feverely cen-
furcd in thp Siar-Chamher^ and received a {harp Caftigation,
which made him more obftinate and malicious againft them ;
and, as. he afterwards confefled, in the melancholy of his Im-
prifonment^ and by reading the Book of Martyr^ he raided
; ^ * »* • • . ■ * in

Of the Rehellion, &c. yoi

in himfelf a marvellous inclination and appetite to fufier in
the defence or for the vindication of any oppreQed I'ruth;
and found himfelf very much contirm'd in that (pirit ^ and in
that time diligently colledted, and read all thoie Libels and
Boolcs^ which had anciently, as v/qW as lately been written
againft the Church : from whence, with the venom, he had
hxewife contradled the impudence and bicternefs of their
Style : and by pradtice, brought himfelf to the faculty of writr
ing like then) : and fo when that Licence broke in of print-
ing all that malice and wit could fuggelt, he publifli'd fome
Pamphlets in his own name, full of that confidence and vi-
rulency, which might afperfe the Government moft to the
fcnfe of the People, and to their humour. When the War
begun, he put himfelf into the Armyj and was taken Pri-
foner by the King's Forces in that Engagement at Brentford^
fliortly after the J3attle of Edge-hill ^ and being then a Man
much known, and talk'd of for his qualities above mention'd,
he was not fo well treated in Prifon as was like to reconcile
him^ and being brought before the Chief JufHce, to be tried
for Treafon, by a Commiflion of Oyer and Terminer ( in
which method the King intended then to have proceeded
againfl the Rebels which (hould be taken ) he behaved him-
felf with jTo great impudence, in extolling the power of the
Parliaipent, that it was manifeft he had an ambition to have
been made a Martyr for that Caufe. But as he was liberally
(upplied from his Friends at London (and the Parliament in
exprefs terms declar'd, " I'iiat they would inflidt punillimenc
**upon the Prifoners they had of the King's Party, in the
*^ fame manner as JJlhum and the reft (hould fuffer at Oxford)
fo he did find means to corrupt the Marflial who had the
cuftody of him j and made his efcape into the Parliament
Quarters j where he was received with publick Joy, as a
Champion that had defied the King in his own Court.

From this time he was entertain'd by Oowou^i/ with great
fiuniliarity, and, in his conrefts with the Parliament, was of
much ufe to him, and privacy with him. But he begun then
CO find him of ib reltkfs and unruly a Spirit, and to make
thofe advances in Religion againft the Presbyterians before
be thought it feafonable, that he difpenfed with his prefence
in the Army, where he was an Officer of Name, and made
him refide in London^ where he wiih'd that temper ihould be
improv'd. And when the Parliament was fo much offended
with his fedicious humour, and the Pamphlets he publiQi'd every
day in Religion, with reflections upon their proceedings, that
they refolv'd to profecute him with great rigour (towards
which the Aflembly of Divines, which he had likewife pro-
yok'd^ coiitribpted their defire^ and demand ) CroTnwill writ

avery

sot The Uiftory Book XIV.

a very paffionate Letter to the Parliament, « That they would
" not fo much difcourage their Army, that was fighting for
"them, as to cenfure an Officer of it for his opinion in point
**of Confcience, for the Liberty whereof, and to free them^
•^felves firoin the fhackles in which the Bilbops would enflave
^ them, that Army had been principally raifed. Upon which,
all farther profecution againft Uihum was declinM at that
time, though he declined not the farther provocation; and
continued to make the Proceedings of the Parliament as
odious as he could. 'But from the time that Cromwell had dif-

Serfed that Parliament, and was, in efied, in po(Ieflionofthe
overaign Power, Liliurn withdrew his fevour for him; and
thought him now an Enemy worthy of his difpleafure; and,
both in diicourfes and writings, in Pamphlets and Invedivcs,
loaded him with all the Afpemons of Hypocrify, Lyings and
Tyranny, and all other imputations and reproaches which ei-
ther he deferv'd, or the malice or bitternels of the other's
Nature could fuggeO: to him, to make him the mofl univer-
fiilly odious that a faithlefs perjur'd Perfon could be.

Cromwell could bear ill language and reproaches with
lefs didurbance, and concerment, than any Perfon in Au-
thority had ever done : yet the profecution this Man exer-
cifed him with, made him plainly difcem that it would be im-
poffible to preferve his Dignity, or to have any fecurity in the
Government, whilft His Licence continued ; and therefore,
after he had fet fpies upon him to obferve his Adlions, anci
colle<3: his Words, and upon advice with the Council at Law
of the State, was confidently inform'd, "That, as well by the
^ old eftablifli'd Laws, as by new Ordinances, Lilhurn wa«
<* guilty of High Treafon, and had forfeited his Life, if he
** were profecuted in any Court of Juftice, he caufed him to be
font to Newgate^ and at the next Seflions to be indidted of
High Treafon : all the Judges being prefent, and the Coun-
cil at Law to iaforce the Evidence, and all care being taken
for the return of fuch a Jury as might be fit for the importance
of the Cafe, Lilhurn appeared undaunted, and with the con-
fidence of a Man that was to play a Prize before the People
for their own Liberty ^ he pleaded Not-guilty, and heard all
the Charge and Evidence againft him with patience enough,
fave that, by interrupting the Lawyers, fometimes, who pro-
fecuted him, and by (harp anfwers to fome queitions of^ the
Judges, he (hew'd that he had no reverence for their Perfons,
nor any fubmiflion to their Authority. The whole day was
fpent in his Tryal ; and when he came to make his Defence,
he mingled fo much Law in his difcourfe to invalidate their Au-
thority, and to make it appear fo Tyrannical, that neither their
Lives, Liberties nor Eflates were in any degree fecure, whilH

that

Of the RehelHon^ &c. J03

that Ufurpation was exercifed; and anfwer'd all the matters
objedted againft him wirh fiich an afliirance, making chcm
•* To contain nothing of Hieh Treafon, and That ro be a Go-
** vernment againft which High Treafon could not be com-
*« mitced; and telling them " That all true bom Evglipy Men
•* were obliged to oppofe this Tyranny, as he had done purely
"for Their fakes, and that he had done it only for their fakes,
** and to preferve them from being Slaves /contrary to his own
^ profit and wordly Intcrett : He told them " How much he
**had been in CromweW^ Friendlhip: that he might have rc-
**ceiv*dany benefit, or preferment from him, if he would
** have fate (till, and feen his Country enllav'd ; which becaufe
** he would not do, he was brought hither to have his life
•* taken from him by their Judgment ; which he apprehend-
**cd not: he defended himfelfwith that vigour, and charm'd
the Jury fo powerfully , that , againft all the diredlion and
charge the Judges could give them ( who aflur'd them ** That
•* the words and adlionsfiilly proved againft the Prifoner, were
^High Treafon by the Law* and that they were bound, by
•* all the obligation of Confcience, ro find him guilty ) after
no long confultation between themfelves, they returned with
their verdift, "That he was Not-guilty : nor could they be
perifwaded by the Judges to change or recede from their Ver-
clid:; which infinitely enraged and perplexed CromiveU-^ who
look'd upon it as a greater Defeat than the lofs of a Battle
would have been. And though Lilhurn was thus acquitted in
thcyear 1653, yet CromweS would never fuffer him to be (et
at Liberty, as by the Law he ought to have been, but fent
bim from Prifon to Prifon, and kept himenclofed there till
He himfelf died. Thefe two Inftances of Perfons not other-
wife confiderable, are thought pertinent to be inferted, as an
evidence of the temper of the Nation; and how far the Spi-
rits of that time were from paying a fubmiffion to that power,
when no body had the courage to lift up their hands againft
it.

Whatever uneafinefs and perplexity Cremwell found ne Kj?»g^*
in his condition at home, the King found no benefit from it '•"^•*
abroad, or from the Friendlhip, or the Indignation of other ^''^•
Frinces ; They had all the fame terrible Apprehenfion of
CremweWs power as if he had been landed with an Army in
any of their Dominions, and lool^d upon the King's condition
as defperate, and not to befupported. The Treaty between crom-
Fr^Mfc* and £»^/4fW proceeded very fiiftj and every day pro-^*'*''^*"**"
xiuced frelh Evidence of the good Intelligence between CV^w-^^J^'^
nued and the Cardinal. The Ships and Prifoners which had
been taken when they went to relieve Dunkirfy and by the
taking whereof Dunkirk had been loft^ were nowreftored.

and

SO^ TheHiftory Book XIV.

and fet at liberty \ and fuch mutual Offices performed be-
tween them, as, with frequent evidences of Averlion from the
King and his Intereft, made it very« manifefl; to his MajeSy,
that his refidence would not be fuflfcr'd to continue longer in
FramCy after the Alliance ihould be publilh'd with CromwM ;
which was not yet perfed:ed, by the Cardinal's blulhing to
confent to fome Fropofitions, without which the other's faft
Friendfliip was not to be obtain'd ; and he was not willing
that modefty (hould be conquer'd at once, though every body
knew it would quickly be proftituted.
T** K5«x There could be no doubt but that the King was heartily
J^fl •»* weary of being in a place where he was fo ill treated ; where
!f France" ^^ ^*^'^ ^^ uncomfortably, and from whence he forefaw that
Sut whither} he Qiould foon be driven. But as he had no Money to enable
»« th9 him to remove, or to pay the Debts he ow'd there, fo he
S^hn, icnew not to what place to repair, where he might find a Ci-
vil Reception. Holland was bound not to admit him into
their Dominions , and by their Example had ihew'd other
Princes , and States, what condition They mufl fubmit to
who would be Allies to CronrweU, The King of Spain was
at the fame time contending with France for CromwelTs
Friendfhip, and thought he had fome Advantage with him by
• the Refidence his Majefly had in France : fo there could be
no thought of repairing into Flanders^ and that he could be
admitted to flay there. The Proteftants, in mod places, ex-
prefled much more Inclination to his Rebels than to Him.
The Roman Catholicks look'd upon him as in fo defperatc a
condition, that he would in a Ihort time be neceflitated to
' throw himfelf into ^eir Arms by changinghis Religion, with-
out which they generally declared, " They would never give
** him the leaft AfEftance. In this diftrefs, his Majefty refum'd
the confiderations he had formerly enter'd upon, of fend-
ing to the Diet ; which was fummon'd by the Emperour to
meet fhortly at RatisBone^ to make choice of a King of the
Romans, And Germany being then in Peace, the Emperour
made little doubt of finding a concurrence in the choice of the
King of Hungary his eldeft Son to be made King of the JR^-
mans J and thereby to be fure to fucceed him in the Empire.
Our King had long defign'd to fend the Lord Wilmot on that
Errand, to try what the firaperour, and Princes of Germany^
would do, in fuch a conjundcure, towards the uniting all other
Princes with themfelvcs, in undertaking a quarrel they were
all concern'd in, to reftore a Prince (b injur'd and opprefs'd
by fo odious a Rebellion ^ and in the mean time, of which
there appeared to be more hope, what contribution they
would make towards his Support; and likewife, upon this oc-
cafion, what fit place might be found^ in the neareit parts of

Gtrmar^^

Of the Rehellion, &c, joy

Gfrmawf^ for the King to repair to j where he might attend
his better deftiny.

I T was moft fuitable to the occafion, and the ncceflity of
the King^s Condition, that this Aflfair Ihould be difpatched in
us private a way as was pofliblc^ and with as little expcnce,
it being impodiblc to fend an Embafladour in fuch an Equi-
page, as at fuch an illultrious Convention of all the Princes
of the Empire, was neccflary. Wtlmot preflcd very much
for that Character, that he might the more calily accompljfli
his being made an Earl j for which he had obcain'd the King's
promife in a fit feafon. And he took great pains to perfwade
the King, " That this was a proper ieaibn, and very much
^ for the Advancement of his Service : bur, that if he had the
"Title of an Earl, which would be look'd upon as a high
"Qualification, he would not afliime the Charadter of Em-
" bafl'adour, though he would carry fuch a Commiflion with
"him, but make all his Negotiations as a private Envoy j of
which he promifed the King wonderful Eftcfts, and pre-
tended to have great aflurance of Money, and ol making Le-
vies of Men for any Expedition. The king, rather to com-
ply with the general cxpedtation, and to do all that was in
nis power to do, than out of any hope of notable Advantage
from this Agitation, was contented to make him Earl of l^^-
cheftiT}, and gave him all fuch Commiflions, and Credentials, tm Kinr
flswere neceflary for the Employment ;, and fent him from w-^« wii-
Paris in the Chrtflmas time, that ne might be at Ratisbone at »'"/'fl'^
the meeting of the Diet, which was to be in the beginning f^^jJ^^T*
of -^jpnV following j means having been found to procure \ohim <• r^
much Money as was neceflary for that Journey, out of the f '^ ^k m-
Aflignment that had been made to the King for his Support : "»*»"«•
of which there was a great Arrear due, and which the Car-
dinal caufed at this time to be fupplied, becaufe he looked
upon this (ending to Ratishone as a preparatory for the King's
own remove.

Though Scotland was vanquiflied, and fubducd, to that 7%# 4;f4»V/
degree, that there was no Place nor Fcrfon who made the *f scoilana
lealt Ihew of oppoling Cronrwell:, who, by the Adminiftration ^ '''" '""''
o( Monk^ made the Yoke very grievous to the whole Nation;
yet the Preachers kept their Pulpit Licence ; and, more for
the affront that was oficr'd to Presbytery, than the Conici-
ence of what was due to Majelly, many of them prclumcd
to pray for the King ; and generally, though fccretly, cxafpe-
rated the minds of the People againlc the prcfent Government.
The High-landers by the Advantage of fhcir Situation, and
the hardinefs of thac People, made frequent Incurlions in the
night into the EngUp^ Quarters ; and kill'd many of their Sol-
diers, but ftole more of cheir Horfes : and where there was

cooft

So6 The Hiftory Book XIV.

inofl: appearance of Peace, and Subjedtion, if the Soldiers
ftragled in the night, or went fingle in the day, they were
ufuaiiy knock'd on the head ^ and no Enquiry could difcover
Che Malefadors.

Many Expredes were fent to the King, as well from'
thofe who were Prifoners in England^ as from fome Lords
who were at liberty in Scotland^ ^^ That Middleton might be
** fent into the High-lands with his Majelty's Commiffion ^
and in the mean time the Earl of Gkncame^ a gallant Gen-
tleman, oflFer'd, if he were Authoriz'd by the King, to draw a
body of Horfe and Foot together in the High-lands, and in-
fed the Enemy, and be ready to fubmit to Middleton^ aflbon
as he (hould arrive there with a fupply of Arms and Ammu-
Thi King nition. Accordingly the King had lent a Commiflion to the
mjCn'tT ^^^ ^^ Glencarne ; who behaved himfelf very worthily, and
tkeEAfi of gave Monk fome trouble. But he preflSng very earneftly, that
Glencarne. MiddUton might be fent over to compote fome Animofities,
and Emulations, which were growing up to the breaking off
that Union, without which nothing could fucceed, his Ma-
jeffy, about the time that the Earl ot Jiochefter was difpatctfd
^ni Mid- for Ratis^ue^ lent likewife Middleton into Scotland^ with fome
?"*/«ri' ^^^ Officers of that Nation, and fuch a poor fupply of Arms
s!»tland, ^^^ Ammunition, as, by the adkivity and induftry of Mid^
dleuny could be got upon the credit and contribution of fome
Merchants and (%icers in Hottand of that Nation, who .were
willing to redeem their Country from the Slavery it was in.
With this very flender Affiftaiice he Tranlported himfelf in
the Winter into the High-lands • where, to welcome him,
he found the few, whom he look'd to find in Arms, more
broken with Faftion amongft thcmfelves, than by the Enemy j
nor was he able to reconcile them. But after Glencarne had
delivered his thin unarmed Troops to Middleton^ and con-
defccnded to Fight a Duel with an Inferior Officer, who pro-
voked him to it after he was out of his Command, whether
he was troubled to have another Command over him, who,
upon the matter, had no other Men to Command but what
were raifed by him, though he had exceedingly prefled Msd^
d/eton's being fent over to that purpofe, or whether convinced
with the impoflibihty of the Attempt, he retired firft to his
^rieticzme own Houfe, and then made his Peace with Monk^ that he
^mn^lllr'- "^^8^^ ^^^^ quietly, and retain'd (till his Afte<aion and Fidelity
"Jutn^y* to the King; which he made manifeft afterwards in a more
hit Peace favourable conjundture : and at the fame time he excufed him-
wtthMonk. felf to the King, for giving over an Enterprife which he was
not able to profecute, though Middleton fultain'd it a full year
afterwards.
The truth is, the two Perfons who were moft concerned

in

Cfthe Rebellion^ &c. 5-07

in that Expedition, had no degree of hope chat it would be
attended with any fucccfs, the King, and MMltUm'^ who
had both feen an Army of that People, well provided with all
things neceOary, not able to do any thing where they fought
upon ternos more Advantageous. And how could thofe now,
drawn together by chance, half arm'd and undifciplin'd, be
able to contend with Victorious Troops, which wanted no«
thine, and would hardly part with what they had got ? But
bis Maicfty could not rcfuic to give them leave to Attempt
what they belicv'd they could go through with j and Mid"
dleton^yino had promifed them to come to them, when he
was auiired he (hould be enabled to carry over with him two
' Chou&nd Men , and good (tore of Arms , thought himfelf
obliged to venture his Life with them who cxpcdcd him,
Chou^ he could carry no more with him than is mention'd ;
and by his behaviour there, notwithftanding all difcourage*
mcnts, he manifcited how much he would have done, if others
had perform'd half their promifes.

It will not be amifs in this place to mention an Adven-
ture that was made during his being in the High-lands, which
defer ves to be recorded for the honour oF the Under takers^
There was attending upon the King a young Gentleman, one
M*" Wogan^ a very handfome Perfon, of the age of three or
four and twenty. This Gentleman had, when he was a youth
of fifteen or fixteen years, been bv the corruption of fome of
his neareft Friends, engaged in the Parliament Service againft
the King; where the cmincncy of his courage made him fo
much taxen notice of, that he was of general edimation, and
belov'd by all ; but fo much in the friendfliip of Ireton^ un-
der whom he had the Command of a Troop of Horfe, that
no Man was fo much in credit with him. By the time of
the Murther of the King he was fo much improv'd in Age
and undcritanding, that by that horrible and impious Mur-
ther, and by the information and advice of fober Men in his
converfation, he grew into fo great a deteftation of all that
People, that he thought of nothing but to repair his own Re^
putation, by taking vengeance of thole who had coufcn'd and
roifled him : and in order thereunto, adbon as the Marquis
of Ormond refum'd the Government of Ireland again for the
King ( which was the only place then where any Arms were
borne for his Majefty ) captain Wogtin rcpair'd thither to him
through Scotland'^ and behaved himfelf with fuch (ignal Va-
lour, that the Marquis of Ormtmd gave him the Command of
his own Guards, and every Man the Teftimony of deferving
it. He came over with the Marquis into France '^ and being
reftlefs to be in Action, no fooner heard of Mdd/eton's being
arrived in Scotland^ than he refolv'd to find himlelf with him^

and

yo8 The mftory Book XIV.

add imni^diately asked the King's leave not only for himfelf,
but for as many of the young Men about the Court as he
could perfwade to go with him ; declaring to his Majefly,
^ That he refolv'd to pafs through Engiand. The King, who
had much Grace for him, diflwad^ him from the Under-
taking, for the difficulty and danger of it, and denied to give
him leave. But neither his Majelty, nor the Marquis of Or-
mcnd^ could divert him; and his importunity continuing, he
was left to follow his Inclinations : and there was no ne\Vs
fo much talked of in the Court, as that Cadtain IVbgan would
g> into England^ and from thence n^arcn into Scotland to
General Mtddleton ^ and many young Gentlemen, and others
who were in Faris^ lifted themfelves with him for the Expe-
dition. He went then to the Chancellor of the Eitchcquer :
who, durihg the time of the King's ftay in France^ executea
the Officeof Secretary of State, to defirethe difpatch of fuch
Pafles, Letters, and Commiffions, as were neceflary for the
Affair he had in hand. The Chancellor had much kindnefs
for him, and having heard of his defignby the common talk
of the Court, and from the free difcourfes of fome of thofe
who refolv'd to go with him, reprefented *' The danger of the
^ enterprife to himfelf, and the diQionour that would reflect
^ upon the King, for fuSering Men under his Pafs, and with
^his Commiffion, to expofe themfelves to inevitable ruin :
^ that it was now the difcourfe of the Town, and would
^ without doubt be known in England and to Cromwell^ be-
*^fore he and his Friends could get thither, fo that it was
^likely they would be apprehended the ftrft minute they fet
^ their foot on Shore ; and how much his own particular Fer-
^ fon was more liable to danger than other Mens he knew

• well; and, upon the whole matter, very earncftly diflwaded
him from proceeding farther.

• H E anfwer'd moll of the particular confideration with
contempt of the danger, and confidence of going through
with it, but with no kind of reafon ( a talent that did not
then abound in him ) to make it appear probable. Where-
upon the Chancellor exprefly refufcd to make his Difpatches,
till he could fpeak with the King ,• '^ With whom, he laid, he
" would do the beft he could to perfwade his Majelty to
"hinder his Journey ^ with which the Captain was provoked
to fo great paflion, that he broke into tears, and befoughc
him not to diflWade the King j and feem'd fo much tranfponed
with the refolution of the Adventure, as if he would not out-
live the difappointment. This paflion fo far prevail'd with
the King, that he caufed all his difpatches to be made, and de-
livered to him. And the very next day He and his Compa-
nions, being feven or eight in number, went out of Baris toge-
ther, and took Poft for Ca/ah, They

of the Rebellion^ &c. 5-09

They landed at Dover ^ o)iviii:icd their journey D Txn-
idoiiy and walked chc lown j Itav d :hcrc above three vVeLu>',
till they had bougl-.t Morlcs, wfsich tliey qu.irccr'd a: Com-
mon InnSj and lilted Men enough c^t iheir Frienjs and Ac-
qiiaintaijcc to proiecurc their jni; pule. And tJ«cn tl.iy apponit •
ed their Rende'/Aous at liaruvtj maichcd ou: ai lj'vko?iy a.:
Crowwelin Soldiers, and tioni Hamet were ruli f^iiirltore
Horlc well Armed, and appointed, andQjarterM that NigK-c
at 'S>'Alhans\ and trom thence, by ealy Jrmrnies, but out ot uvt
Common Ko^ids, marched lafely into 4!»Vo/A7v^^ beui up |.)rp.c
Qiiarters which lay in their w.y, and without any miiaJven-
ture joyn'd M'ddhton in the High-lands j wliere j oor Hb^air^
after many brave A(ttions performed there, icceiv'd upuii a
Party, an ordinary ricih wound j v.hich for want ot a good
Surgeon proved mortal to him, to the very great grict' ot A//</-
dleton^ and all who knew him. Many ot the 'I'rooper?, tvhen
they could Itay no, longer there, found their way again through
Ef2.€,landj and return'd to the King.

i N' the diitrefs which the King fuffer'd during his abode in
Trance^ the Chancellor ct the Lxchequcr's part was thj molt
uneafy and grievous. For though ail wiio were anjrry with
Him, were as angry with the Marquis of Orvmid^ who liv'd
in great Friendlliip with him, and was in the fame tru:i: v/iih
the King in all his Counfels which were reierv'd from o.hers^
yet the Marqjifs's C^a.'iry, and the jrreat Scrv ices he n.td pe;-
fbrm'd, and :he g;ea: iuitcrings he undei wen: tur the Cruwn,
ni^de him above all their cxccpricns : and th.ey be!icv'\i h: :
averlion from all their Devices to make marriage^', and lo
traffick in Religion, proceeded molt from tl:e credit the oiiicr
had with him. And the Qiieeivs dilpicJlire <^rew li) nnrori- t. • '"..
ous againlt the Chancellor, that after he ti>un«l by (ici'ivc- :i: \X '*-:. • •
Ihe would not fpeak to him, nor ial;o any no'.ue ^f liuu winsn . '
ihe faw him, he ti*rbore at lalt cominj'; in l.er prclnKe ; ;iiitl ' ..
for many Monrhs did nv5t lee her fice, tliouyh Ik* !i. •: lii;- in ;• •■ •
nour to lodge in the fameliouic, ti'.e I'aiau* Roy.il, wien-'"'
both their Majcliie.s kept their C«)'«n*: ; v/hu h nicoiiiaj'ij :i!l
who deiired ro in;.'iaiiu:e themldvc*: »]'li hci M.)cllv^ »<» ev
prefs a grcar psfimli- c U) ihc CJl:a:u t:\\n\^ :U Ic.ili in v/iil.dia'.v
from his convcilaiiun : and ihe Qii«.»ii vvas luA u k'\ . d in dc-
daring, thai ll": <li«l e.\(r/;,linj»|y d. h.^r in inisovc ln!''. tnun
the King; vynici) noihiii!' i-.i-pi liini hcmi (irliiin.", alio, in lit
uncomtorrabJcaci'iitliUcii, Lu! ihr- • 'iiii. I'lii.c ot his duty, and
the confidence hi*; iViajUty Jud m la* !i.U liiy.

This dilinchniii'Jii u* vnd:- Imn jiuiiu' cd^ •^r ont* and the
fame time, ac(jn:nvaiui'u: an <i«m i .".im!.-^ and a UiiMjnbr
tween two iLcsninuly iiir-aiin d« jMi- I a« turns, the pApiir;
and chc Prcsbyrcriuii': „ v.')ikIi '.v^; uiI.'.v rd totlic Kina, by

Vol. JIl. P.\r: z L : aYj!'.-

r

i

J 10 TheHiftory Book XIV.

a h\k brother, before the Chancellor had any intimation of

^ Vetition it. The Lord Ba/carriSy with D** Fraziery and fome other

intended of g^^f^ about thc Court, thought themfelves enough qualified

Preihtll^ to undertake in the name of ail the Presbyterians ^ and caufcd

ansOyBzU a Petition to be prepared, in which they fetout, "That the

carris and (^ Presbyterian Party had great Afiedlions to ferve his Maje-

FraLier, <c(^y^ ^^^ much power to do iti and that they had many Pro-

[?**^„^J^^^y."poiitions, and Advices to oflter to his Majefty for the Ad-

tijchxche- "vancement thereof: but that they were difcouraged, and

ijuer mii'bt << hindred irom ofiering the fame, by reafon that his Majefty

*' '^t"»*t/'i. a encrulled his whole Afl&irs to the Chancellor of the Exche-

"quer^ who was an old known and declared £nemv to all

''their Party; in whom they could repofe no truft: and

'* therefore they befought his Majefty, that He might be re-

'^ mov'd from his Council, at lealt not be fufier'd to be privy

'^ to any thing that ihould be propofed by Them ; and they

'* ihould then make it appear how ready, and how able they

** were in a very iliort time to advance his Majcfty'g Aftairs.

.Mdeftke Another Petition was prepared in the name of his Ro

Roman u- man Catholick Subjefts ; which laid, " That all his Majefty's

I^rt •I^'r^'* '* Party which had adher'd to him, were now totally fuppref-
it^ataj jtm. jj ^^ ^ ^^^ j^^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ compounded with his Enc-

** mies, and fubmitted to their Government • that the Church
*^ Lands were all fold, and the Biihops dead, except very few,
'^ who durit not excrcife their Fun£Hon : fo that he could ex-
^* pea no more aid from any who were concerned to fupport
•- the Government of the Church as it had been formerly efta-
** blithed ; that by the defeat of Duke Hamiltm^s Party firft,
*' and then by his Majefty's ill fuccefe at Woreefter^ and tne to-
^^ tal rcdudtion of the Kingdom of ^r^f/triiM/ afterwards by CV^mr*
'< *welly his Majefty might conclude what greater aid he was
**to expect from the Presbyterian Party. Nothing therefore
^' remained to him of hope for Reftoration , but from the
*' aftcdtion of his Roman Catholick Subjeds ; who, as they
** would never be wanting as to their Perfons, and their Eftates
** which were left, fo they had hope to draw from the Catho-
^' lick Princes, and the rope himfelf, fuch confiderable afli-
^^ftancc both in Men and Money, that his Majefty flioujd
** owe his Refticution, under the Bleiling of God, to the fole
'^ power and aUiftance of the Catholicks. But they had great
**^ reafon to fear, that all thefe hopes would be obttrudted and
" rcnder'd of no ufe, not only by there being no Perfon about
*' his Majefty in whom the Catholicks could have any confi-
" dcnce, but by reafon that the Perfon moft trufted by him,
*' and through whofe hands all letters and Difpatches mult
*' pals, is a known Enemy to all Catholicks ^ and therefore
" they befought his Majefty, that that J'erfnn. tbe Chancel ior

Of the Rehellion^ &c. jil

^ of the Exchequer , might be removed from him ^ where-
« upon he Uiould find great bcnehL to accrue to his Service. Ic
was concluded amon^ chcm, that when riici'c <lwo Pecicions
flioiild be wdgh'd and coulidcr'd , the Qiiecn would caliJy
convince his Majeity, that a Pcilbn wiiowas io odious to all
the Roman Oitholicks, from whole AtKdtions hi& Majefty
had moft reafon to promife himfelf rchct, and co all the Pro-
teftants who could contribute to his aihftancc or iiibfiltence,
could noc be fit to be continued in any Trult about him.

Wh s n matters were thus adjulted, which were the lon-
ger in preparation, becaufe the Fcrfons concern'd could not,
without fuipicion andfcandal, meet together, but were to be
treated with by Ferfons mutually employ'd , one M' Wkl^ The dfffn
pnghim^ a Perlbn very well known to all Men who at that difc^ver'dif^
time knew the Palace Royal, who had been employed in the Jv^i^g.
afiair, came to the King, and, whether out of ingenuity, and h^m, tf'rhe
didike of fo foul a combination, or as he thought thedifcove- Kj,ni,-»hich
ry would be grateful to his Majefty , informed him of the ^»tifl>*dthe/ii
whole Intrigue, and gave a Copy of the Petitions to the King^ ^*'^''
who (hew'd them to the Marquis of Ormond, and the Chan*
cellor of the Exchequer ; andinform'dthemof the whole de-
fign. And from this time his MajeAy made himfelf very merry
with it, and fpoke of it fometimcs at dinner, when the Queen
was prefent ; and asked plea(antly, << When the two Petitions
^ would be brought againft the Chancellor of the Exche-
^quer? which being quickly known to fome of thcPerfons
engaged in the prolecution, they gave it over, and thought
not fit to proceed any farther in it ; though both Parties con-
tinned their implacable malice towards him, nor did he find
any eafe or quiet by their giving over that delign, their Ani-
iDofities againft him ftill breaking out one after another, as
long as the King remain'd in France ; the Queen taking all oc-
cafions to complain to the Queen Regent of the King's un-
kindnefs, that ihe might impute all that Ihe difliked to the
Chancellor ; and the Queen Mother of France was like to be
very tender in a point that fo much concern'd her fclf, that
any Man ihould dare to interpofe between the; Mother and the
Son.

Th£ RE was an accident fell out, that adminifter'd fome
argument to make thofe Con}plaints appear more reafonable.
The Cardinal de Retz had always expreded great civilities to-
wards the King, and a dcfirc tofervc him; and upon fome oc-
caCional conference between them, the Cardinal askM the
King " Whether he had made any attempt to draw any Afli-
"ftance from the Pope, and whether he thought that nothing ^rf^Wy?
^' might be done that way to his advantage? The King toid'/'^'KjV*'
him, « Nothing had been attempted that way ; and that He *'f^J[!j^

L I z " was

Si% The Hiftory Book XIV.

« was better able to judge, whether the Pope was hke to do
"any thing for a Man of his Faith. The Cardinal fmiling,
faid, " He had no thought of (peaking ot his Faith i yet in
fliorr, he fpokc to him like a wile and honef I Man , " That if
<^ any Overtures were made hitn of the change of his Religi-
** on, he muft tell his Majefty, it becomes him as a Cardinal
« to with his Majefty a Catholick for the favinghis Soulj but
<Mie muft declare coo, that if he did change his Religion, he
«' would never be rcftored to his Kingdoms. But he (aid, "He
" did believe (though the Pope was old, and much decay'd in
his generoficy j for luuocent the lotH was then living ) « That
" if Ibme proper Application was made to the Princes of Ita-
« iy^ and to the Pope himfelf, though there would not be got-
" ten wherewithal to raife and maintain Armies, there might
" be fomewhac confiderable obtain'd for his more pleaiant
" Support, wherever he (hould choofe to refide. He feid, " He
« had himfelf iome Alliance with the Great Duke, and in-
« tereft in other Courts, and in Borne it felt^ and if his Majefty
"would give him leave, and truft his difcretion, he would
" write in fuch a manner in his own Name to iome of his
"Friends, as (hould not be of any prejudice to his Majefty if
" it brought him no convenience. The King had reafon to
acknowledge the obligation, and to leave it co his own wif-
dom, what he would do. In theconclu(ion of the difccurfe,
the Cardinal ask'd his Majefty a queftion or two of matter of
taft, which he could not anfwer ; but told him, " He would
' "give a pundtual information of it the next day in a Letter:

which the Cardinal delircd might be adbon as his Majefty
thought fit, becaufe he would, upon the receipt of it, make
his difpatches into Itafy, The particular things being out of
the King's Memory, affoon as herctum'd, he ask'dihe Chan-
cellor of the Excncquer concerning them ; and having re*
ceiv'd a pundtual Account firom him, his Majefty writ a Let-
ter the next day to the Cardinal, and gave him information as
to thofe particulars. Within very few days after this, rhe Car-
Tiie urdi' dinal coming one day to the Louvre to fee the Queen Mo-
nai de Rtrtz chcr, hc was arrcfted by the Captain of the Guard, and fent
f^ to tie prifoncr to the Bafti/e j and in one of his Pockets, which they
^' fearch'd, that Letter the King had fent to him was found, and
delivered to the Queen Regent; who prefently imparted it
to the Queen of England ; and after they had made themfclves
merry with fome improprieties in the Frenchj the King hav-
ing, for the fccrecy, not confulted with any Body, they difco-
. ver'd fome purpole of applying to the Pope, and to other Ca-
tholick Princes ; and that his Majefty (hould enter upon any
luch Counlel. without firft confulting with the Queen his Mo-

Lther, could proceed only from the inftigation of the Chancellor
of the Kxchcquer. Her

Of the ReheUion, Sec. s^Z

HfiR Majcily with a very great proportion of fliarpnefs,
reproach'd the King for his Negledt, and gave him his Let-
ter. The King was exceedingly fenfible of the Little refpect
the Queen Mother had Ihew'd towards him, in communicat-
ing his Letter in that manner to his Mother j and expoftulatcd
with her for it ; and took that occaiion to enlarge more upon
the injuftice ot his Mother's complaints, than he had ever
done. And from that time the Queen Mother, who was in
truth a very worthy Lady, fhew'd m*uch more' kindncfs to the
King. And a little time after, there being a Mafque at the
Court that the King liked very well, he perfwaded the Chan-
cellor to fee it j and vouchfafed, the next Night, to carry him
thither himfcif, and to place the Marquis diOrmond and Him
next the Scat where all their Majelties were to (it. And when
they enter'd,the Queen Regent ask'd, " Who that fat Man was
**who fat by the Marquis of Ormond} The King told her
aloud, <^ That it was the naughty Man who did all the Mifchief,
« and^t him againft his Mother ; at which the Queen her
felf was little lefs diforder'd than the Chancellor was. But they
within hearing laugh'd fo much, that the Queen was not dif-
pleafed; and ibmewhat wasfpoken to his Advantage, whom
few thought to deferve the Reproach.

At this time the King was informed by the French Court, rr/nr^Rn-
"That Prince Rupert^ who had been fo longabfent, having P«"«^'*'.
"gone with the Fleet from HoUAnd before the Murther of the^!;;;^'^'*''
"late King, and had not been heard of in fome years, was ^Mites.
" now upon the Coalt of France^ and foon after at Nantes
*^ in the Province of Britain^ with the Swallow^ a Ship of the
" King's, and with three or four other Ships ; and that the Owr-
^^Jiant R^^nw^/itfji, another Ship of the King^s,in which Prince
^' Maurice had been ; was caft away in the Indies near two
" years before ; and that Prince Rupert himfelf was recum'd
*^ with very ill health. The King fent prcfently to welcome
him, and to invite him to Psrie to attend his health ^ and his
Majelty prefumed that, by the Arrival of this Fleet, which
he thought rauft be very rich, he ihould receive fome Mo-
ney , that would enable him to remove out of frsnce ^ of
which He was as weary as It was of Him.

Great Expediations was raifed in the EngV^j Court, that
there would be fume notable change upon the Arrival of this
Prince j and though he had profefled much kindncfs to the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, when he parted from Holland^
yet there was hope tliat he would not appear now his Friend,
the rather for that he had Icfc Ireland with Ibme declared un-
kindnefs towards the Marquis of Ormot/d. And all Men knew
that the Atturney General, who was unfacisHed with every
body, would have molt influence upon that Prince j and that

I, 1 ? his

Sij. TheHlftory Book XIV.

bis Hi^ds could not be without credit enough with the
King to introduce him into bafinefi; which they thought
would at leaft leflen the ChanceUor. In order to which, it
was no fooner known that Prince Rupert was landed in Framce^
but the Lord Jermyn viGted, and made great court to Sr Ed-
wsrdHertert^ between Whom and him there had been greater
Ihew of Animoficy than between any two of the JNatioq
who were beyond the Seas, they having for fome years fel-
dom fpoken to, never well oi^ each other. Anci Herbert
who was of a rough and proud nature, had declared publick-
ly, << That he would have no Friendihip with any Man who
f< believed the other to be an honeft Man. Between thefe two
a great friendihip is fuddainly made ; and the Atturney is every
day with the Queen, who had Qiew'd a greater Averfion from
him than from any Man, nor only upon the bufinefi of the
Dujce ofTorky but upon many other Occafions. But now (he
commended him to the King, << As a wife Man, of great £x-
^^perience, and of great latercfl: in EmgloMd, •

Tut ^sHB F R o M the death of S^ Rkhard Ijme^ who had been Keeper
mi^-^tb9 ^'ff*^^^ "Great Seal under his late Majefty^ there" had not only
Xjn^to ^cn no Officer in that place, but from the defeat at Wbrce^
Tna^Hct' fier^ the King had been without any Great Seal, it having
bert uri been there loft. But he had lately imploy'd a Graver to pre-
hi'^i^'P^^ a Great Seal; which he kept himfelf, not intending to
V r^'* confer that Office, whilft he remain'd abroad. But now the
Queen prefled the King very earnefUy, to make the Atturney
General Lord Keeper of the Great Seal; which was a promo-
tion very natural, Men ordinarily rifing from the one Office
to the other. The Ki^g knew the Man very well, and had
neither efteem nor kindnefs for him; yet he well fbrefaw, that
when Prince 'Rufert came to him, he (hould be prefled both by
Us Mother and Him fo importunately, that he fhould not
with any eafe be able to refufe it. Then he believed that, if
the Man himfelf were in good humour, he would be of ^eat
life in compofing any ill humour that fliould arife in the Pnnce ;
to which it was apprehended he might be apt to be inclined.
And therefore his Majc^ thought it befl ( fince no body dif-
fwaded him from the Ining) to oblige him frankly himfelf
before the Prince came ; and lO call'd him to his CounciL and
made him Lord Keeper of the Great Seal ; with which he
leem'd wonderfully delighted; and for fbme timeliv'd well
towards every Body; though, as to any thing of bufinefs, he
appeared only in his old excellent faculty of raifing doubts, and
obje<f^ing againfl: any thing that was propofed, and propofing
nothing himfelf; wnich was a temper of Underftanding he
could not redify, and, in the prefent State of ASairs, did le(s
mifchief than it would have done in a time when any thing
was to have been done- B e-

Of the Rehelhon^ &c. 5* i y

Before the Prince came to Varis he gave the King fuch t^rincc Ru-
in account, as made it evident chat his Majelty was to cxpedt J^^l/r^r-
no Money : " That what Trcafure had been gotten together, *"^^, ^y !^^
^ which, he confefled, had amounted to great value, had been tuet.
^all loft in the Ship in wUch himfelf was (that fprung a plank
in the Indies^ when his Highnefs was miracaloufiy prefcrv'd)
''and, in the Boat, carried to another Ship, when that the
'* AKitkftj with all the Men, and all that had been gotten,
''iunk in the Sca^ and that much of the other purchafe had
'' been likewife cait away in the Ship in which his Brother
''perilh'd; which was after his own misfortune : So that all
tbat was brought into Nataes^ would fcarcc pay off the Sea-
men, and difcharge fome debts at Toulony which the Prince
had contra^ed at his former being there , during the time
that the King had been in Holland : And " That the Ships
^ were all fo eaten with worms, even the Swsllow it felt, that
'' there was no poffibility of fetting them out again to Sea.
This was all the Account the King could receive of that whole
Afl&ir, when the Prince himfelf came to Fsris ^ with which
though the King was not fatisfied, yet he knew not how co
remedy it , the Prince taking it very ill that any Account
fliould be required of Him j and the Keeper quickly pcrfwaded
his Highnefs, that it was only the Chancellor of the iixchea
quer's Influence, that difpofeci the King with fo much itrid-
nefs to examine his Account.

There was another defign now fet on foot, by which "^"^'^-?^'''
they concluded they fhould Sifficiently mortify the Chancel- m" Lon^;
lor^ who, they thought, had (till too much Credit with \i\s ^ho pcu-*
Matter. When the tGng went into Scotland^ Mr RUert Longy '^ons thw
who hath been mentioned before, was Secretary of State , ^i^fJ^M*
who, having been always a Creature of the Queen's, and de- 'tffsecntam
pendent upon the Lora Jerrmny had fo behaved himfelf to- r;'iF/4(e.
wards them, during his fhort ftay in Scotland (for he was one
of thofe who was remov'd from the King there, and fent out
of that Kingdom) that when his Majefty return'd from Wor^
cefier to Faris^ they would by no meaus fufier that he ihould
wait upon his Majefty ^ and accufcd him of much breach of
truft, and diilionelty, and amongit the reft, that he fhould
fay, which could be proved, '< That it was impofliblc for any
** Man to ferve the King honeftly, and to prcferve the good
^ opinion of the Queen, and keep the L^rd Jermyris favour.
The truth is, that Gentleman had not the good fortune ro be

gmerally well thought of, and the King did not believe him
ulclefs ; and therefore was contented to fatisfy his Mother,
and would not permit him to execute his Office, or to attend
in his Councils. Whereupon he left the Court, and liv'd
privately at Roan 3 which was the reafon that the Chancellor

L 1 4. had

Si6 Themjiory Book XIV.

had been commanded co execute that place, which intitled
him to fo much trouble. Upon this conjundlion between
(he \sOxAJtrmjn and the Keeper, the lalt of whom had in all
times in veigh'd againft Mr Ijon^^ want of Fidelity, they agreed,
that there could not be a better expedient found out to leflen
the Chancellor's Credit, than by reltoring Jj^ng to the execu-
tion of the Secretary's Fundlion. Whereupon they fent for
him , and advifed nim to prepare a Petition to the King,
<< That he might be again reftored to his Office and Attendance,
^' or that he might be charged with his Crimes, and be iar-
^ ther punilh'd, if he did not clear himreli\, and appear inno-
" cent. This Petition was prefented to the King, when he
, was in Council, by the Queen ^ who came thither only for
that purpofe, and deiired that it might be read ; which being
done, the King was furprifed, having not in the leafl receiv'd
an)^ notice of itj and faid,." That her JMajetty was the prin-
*' cipal Caufe that induced his Majelty to remove him from
<^his place, and (he then believd that he was not fit for
"the Truft. She faid, "She had now a better opinion of
f / refiifeA bj cc hjjn, and that (lie had been mifinfbrm'd. The King thought
tbt Ki"^' it unht to receive a Perfon into fo near a Truft, againft whofe
l^'idelity there had been fuch publick exceptions; and his Ma-
jpfty knew that few of his Friends in E^land would cor-
rei'pond with him ; and therefore would not be perfwaded to
reitore him. I'iiis was again put all upon the Chancellor's
Account, aud the influence He had upon the King.
vi.frfupen T H K R E u Po N Mr ZjOKg accufed the Chancellor of having
^''•^^"S betray'd rheKing; and undertook to prove that he had been
Z'unclli-r'of^^'^^ in England^ and had private conference with Cromwell',
/t.V £xrii<?- which was an afpcrlion fo impoffible, that every body laugh'd
c^^trtfhh at it: yet becaufehc undertook to prove it, the Chancellor
havmghecn preflcd, " That a day might be appointed for him to produce
1«?"-^;-" ""^^is proof: And at that day, the Queen came again to the
vrrii'with Council, that (lie might be prefent at the Charge. There
Cronnvcii. Mr Long produccd Maffbnet^ a Man who had ferv'd him, and
the hifine^s after wards been an Under-Cierk for writing Letters and Com-
hfA.i / » ' miflions, during the time of the King's being in Scotland^ and
covicu: had been taken Prifoner at Worcefier-^ and, being releafed
with the rclt of the King's Servants, had been employed, from
the time of the King's Return, in the fame Service under the
Clianccllor \ the Man having, before the Troubles, taught the
King, and the Puke oiXork^ and the rclt of the King's Chil-
di en to write, being indeed the belt Writer, for the fairnefs
ikuiTonct ^^ ^^^ hand, of any Man in that time.
iTlf^u-Med, M A s s o N E T faid, " That after his releafe from his Impri-
MAhcAT' "fonment, and whillt he Itaid in Jjondon^ he fpoke with a
f^y witnefi CC Maid, who had formerly ferv'd him, that knew the Cban-

Of the Rehellion, &c. yi?

*^cellor very well, and who anTurcd liim, that one evening

** (he had fecn the Chancellor go into CronrwelFs Chamber ac

*^ H^e-Hali'y and after he had been fhut up with him fomc

" hours, (he fiw him conducted our again. And M"^ Long dc-

Cred time, that he might fend over for this Woman, who

(hould appear and juitiiy it. To this impodible diicourfc,

the Chancellor faid, " He would make no other defence, than

*^ that there were Perfons then in the Town, who, he was

*' confident, would avow that they had fcen him once every

** day, from the time he returned from Spain to the day on

" which he attended his Majefty at Paris ; as indeed there

were ^ and when he had faid fo, he offer'd to go out of the

Room ; which the King would not have him to do But he

told his Majefty, « That it was the courfe 5 and that he ou^l

" not to be prefent at the Debate that was to concern himfclf j

and the Keeper, with fome warmth, (aid " It was true j and

fo he retired to his own Chamber. The Lord Jermyn^ aflbon

as he was gone, faid, " He never thought the Acculation had

**any thing of probability in it; and that he bciiev'd the

** Chancellor a very honelt Man ; but the ufe that he thought

** ought to be made of this Calumny, was, that it appear'd

^' that an honeft and innocent Man might be calumniated, as

*^ he thought Mr Ijmg had likcwife been ; and therefore they

** ought both to be clear'd. The Keeper faid, "He faw not

'Aground enough to condemn the Chancellor; but he faw no

*' caufe neither to declare him innocent : that there was one

<' Witneis which declared only what he had heard ; but that

^ he undertook alfo to produce the Witnefs her felf if he

"might have time; which in juftice could not be denied;

*^ and therefore he propofed, that a competent time might be

" given to Mr Lont tft make out his proof; and that in the

** mean time the Chancellor might not repair to the Council :

with which Propoiition the King was fo offended, that, with

much warmth, he faid, " He difcern'd well the defign ; and

<^ that it was fo falfe and wicked a Charge, that, if he had no

<* other exception againit M^ Long than this foul and foolifh

** Accufation, it was caufe enough never to truft him. And

therefore he prefently fent for the Chancellor, and as foon as

he came in, commanded him to (it in his place ; and told him, ue Kjn^

«Hc was lorry he was not in a condition to do him more actfuirs the

"Juftice than ro declare him innocent; which he did do, and ^'^•'"'^'^•"'•

commanded the Clerk of the Council to draw up a full Or- 7/;.- K^ei-sr

der for his Vindication , which his Majefty himfelf would '"^ <^' '''<^

fign. ^t^'^^j/

T H E Keeper could not contain himfelf from appearing very ^'1'^;. ofh^>.

much troubled : and faid, '* If what he heard from a Perlbn ohn<rfpokpiiu

?Mionour who, he thought, would juftify it, were true, the«/'''*K5>'x-

' "Chan-

5^1 8 The m/i&ry Book XIV.

'^ Chancellor had afperfed the Kii^ in fuch a manner, and fo
^* much revilol his Majefty in point of his honour, that he
'^ was not fit to fit there. The Chancellor was wonderfully
furprifed with the Charge; and humbly befoug^t his Majefty,
'^ That the Lord Keeper might produce his Author, or be
^' look'd upon as the Contriver of the Scandal. The Keeper
anfwer'd, <* That if his Majefty would appoint an hour the next
« day for the Council to meet, be would produce the Ferfon
*' who, he was confident, would juftify all he had iaid.
The Urd T H & next day, the King being &te in Council, the Keeper
d^edt!"^ defir'd that the Lord GersrJ m^t be caUed in ; who prefentiy
frove it. ^ppear'd ; and being ask'd, ^ whether he had at any time heard
" tne Chancellor of the Exchequer fpeak ill of the King? he
anfwer'd. Yes. And thereupon made a relation of a conference
that had pafled between the Chancellor and Him a year be-
fore, when the King lay at chantilly ; ^ That one day, after
'^ dinner, the King took the Air, and being in the I^ield his
^ Majefty alighted out of his Coach, and took his Horfe, with
^' other of the Lords to ride into the next Field to fee a Dog
'^ fet Patridge ; and that he, the Lord Gersrd^ and the Chan-
^cellor-remain'd in the Coach, when he enter'd intodifcourfe
<' of the King's condition ; and fiud, that be thoup;bt his Ma-
^< jefty was not adiye enough, nor did think of his bufineft ;
^^and, that the Chancellor, who was known to have credit
<^ widi him, ought to advife him to be aflive, for his Honour
^' and his Interdt ; otherwife his Friends would fall from him.
<^ But, that it was generally believ'd, that he, the Chancellor,
' *^ had no mind that his Majefty Ihould put himfelf into
^^ AOion, but was rather for fitting ftili ; and therefore it con-
<^ cern'd him, for his own juftificatioo, to perfwade the King
'' to be Adive, and to leave FrsM^e^ wftere he could not but
<^ obferve that every body was weary of him. To ail which
<^ the Chancellor took great pains to purge himfelf from be«
<* ing in die fault ; and (aid, that no body could think that he
^* could take.delighuto ftay in a place where he was fo ill
^'. ufed ; but laid aU the fault upon the King ; who, he (aid, was
** indifpofed to bufinefs, and took too much delight in plea-
fTures, and did not love to take pains; for which he was
^^ heartily forry, but could not help it; which Gersrd faid,
*' he thought was a great reproach and fcandal upon the King,
V' from a Man fo obliged and trufted, who ought not to afperfe
^^ his Mafter in that manner.
rhi chM" The Chancellor was a little out of countenance ; and faid,
M»r's D9m cc He jjj^ not expea that Accufation firom any body, lefs that
/«f#. jc ^^^ j^^j Gerard fhould difcover any private ditoourfe that
<< had pafled a year before between them two, and which ap-
(s pear'd by his relation to have been introduced by himfelf,

" and

Cf the Rehellion^ &c. yip

« and by his own freedom : that whofoever bclicv'd that he
^< had a mind to traduce the King, would never believe thac
^ he would have chofen the Lord Gerard^ who was known
** to be none of his Friend, to have communicated it to. He
find, ^ He did very well remember, that the Lord Gerard did^
«at that time when they two remained alone in the Coach,
** very paffionately ccnfure the King's not being Adtive, and
^blamed him, the Chancellor, for not perfwading his Maje-
^fiy to put himfelF into A£tion; and that He was generally
^ believed to be in the fault : upon which he had ask'd him,
^ what he did intend by being Adtive, and what that A<3ioa
^ was, and where, to which he wi(h*d the King fhould be per-
Twaded? He anfwer^d, ^with an increafeof pallion, andad-
'^dition of Oaths, that rather than (it ftiilin France^ his Ma^
<^ jcfty ought to go to every Court in Ctrtfte$ui0m ; that inftcad
<< of fending an Embafladour who was not fit for any Bulinefs,
^ he Qiould have gone himfelf to the Diet at Battsbone^ and
^ foUicited his own bufinefs : which would have been more
^efiedual; and that, if be could not find any other way to
^tmt himfelf into A^on, he ought to go mto the High-
^ lands oi Scotland to Middktowy and there try his Fortune.
To aU which the Chancellor faid, he did remember that he
replied, ^ He believ'd the King was indifpofed to any of that
^ Adion he propofcd : and though he did not believe, that he
^hadufed thofe ExpreCTions, of the King's delighdng in plea-
^fiires, and not lovmg bufinefs fo well as he ought to do, if
^^ the Lord Gerard would pofitively affirm he had, he would
^ rather confefi it, and fubmit himfelf to his Majefly's judg-
^ment, ifhe thought fuch words proceeded fi-om any malice
'< in his heart towards him, than, by denying it, continue the
^'Debate: And then he ofier'd to retire; which the King
forbid him to do; upon which the Keeper was very angry ;
and faid, '^ The words amounted to an Offence of a nigh ^f a-
^ turc; and that he was forry his Majefty was no more fenfi-
^ble of them : that for any Man, efpecially a Counfellor, and
** a Man in fo near trulJ, to accufe his Matter of not loving his
^ bufinefs, and being inclined to pleafures, was to do all he
^' could to perfwade all Men to forfake him ; and proceeding
with his ufual warmth and poGtivencfs, the King interrupted
him ; and faid, *' He did really believe the Chancellor had ufed
** thofe very words, bccaufc he had often faid That, and much
''more to himfelf; which he had never taken ill: that he
'' did really believe that he was himfelf in a fault, and did noc
*' enough delight in his bufinefs: which was not very plea-
^ fant ,- but he did not know that fuch putting hirolelt in-
^'to Aftion, which was die common word, as the Lord
f ' Girofd advifed, was like to be attended with thofe benefits,

"which

jip The H'tllory Book XTV.

^^ which, he was confident, he wifh'd. In fine, he declared,
^ he was very well fatisficd ia the Chancellor's Affedtion, and
^took nothing ill that he had faid; and directed the Clerk
^ of the Council to enter fuch his Majeily's Declaration in his
^Bookj with which both the Keeper and the Lord Gerard
were very ill fatisfied. But firom that time there were no far-
ther publick attempts againft the Chancellor, during the time
of his Majedy's abode in Vrance. But it may not be unfea^
ibnable to infert in this place, that after the King's return into
England^ there came the Woman to the Chancellor who had
been carried over to Hoan by Majfonet^ and importuned by
M*" luong to teftify that Ihe had feen the Chancellor with Crom-
laelly for which ihe iliould have a prefcnt liberal reward in
Money from him, and a good Service at Paris -^ which when
die Woman refufcd to do, he gave her Money for her Jour-
ney back, and fo flie return'd : of which the Chancellor in-
form'd the King. But Mr /Lc»^ hi mfelf coming at the fame
time to him, and making great Acknowledgments, and ask-p
ing pardon, the Chancellor frankly remitted the injury j which
Mr L»»g tccai'd to ackn6wledge with great gratitude ever
after.

The King wearied with thefe domeftick Vexations, as well
as witli the uneafincfs of his Entertainment, and the change
hecveiy day difcovcr'd in the countenance of the Fre»^^ Court
to him, grew very impatient to leave Frafice ^ and though-
hc was totally difappointed of the expedation he had to re-
ceive Money by the Return of Prince Rupert with that Fleet,
he hoped that when the Frizes (liould be fold, and all the Sea-
men difciiarg'd, and Prince Rupert be fatisfied his demands,
which were very large, there would be (till left the Ships, and
Ordnance and Tackling, which ( though they requir d great
Charge to be fitted out again to Sea, yet) if fold, he prefumed,
would yield a good Sum of Money to enable him to remove,
and fupport him feme time after he was remov'd ; for there
were, bwclidcs the Ship it felf, fiii:y good Brafs Guns on board
the S-wal/oiify which were very valuable. His Majelty there-
fore writ to Prince Rupert ( who was return'd to Nantes to
difchargc forae Sea-men, who ftill remain'd, and to fell the
red of the Prizes ) " That he Ihould find Ibme good Chapmen
** to buy the Ships, and Ordnance, and Tackle, at the value
*^ they were worth : which was no fooner known at Nantes^
ihaii there appear'd Chapmen enough, bclides the MarQial of
AlelleraYy who being Governour of that place, and of the Pro-
vince, had much Money always by him to lay out on fuch oc-
raflons. And the Prince writ the King word, "That he had
^' then a good Chapm.in, who would pay well for the Br^fs
** Cannon 3 and that he ilioulJ put eft' all the rcit at good rates,

Buc

Of the Rehellion, &c. y 1 1

Buthe writ again the next Week, "That, when he had even
*' finilh'd the concradt for the Brafs Cannon, there came an
** Order from the Court, that no Man ihould preliime to buy
*^ the Brafe Cannon, and to Marlhal MaUeray to take care tliac
** they were not carried out ot that Port.

The Prince apprehended, that this unexpedled rclhaint
proceeded from fome claim and demand from Cromvjell ; and
then expedted, that it would likcwife relate to the Sivallovj
it fclf, if not to the other Ships j and the Marlhal contributed
to, and cherilhcd this Jealoufy, that the better Markets might
be made of all the rultj himfcif being always aiharer with
the Merchants, who made any purchafesof that kiiid : as he
had, from the time that his Highncls tirlt came into that Port,
always infmuated into him in confidence , and under great
good will and truft, " That he (hould ufe all expedition in the
** fale of the Prizes, left either Cromijjel/ Ihould demand the
« whole ( which he much doubted ) or that the Merchants,
^ Owners of the Goods, fhould upon the hearing where they
" were, fend and arrelt the faid Ships and Goods, and demand
^^reftkution to be made of them in a courfc of Juflicc ^ in
*' either of which cafes, he faid "He did not know, coniider-
*' ing how things Hood with England^ what the Court v/ould
" determine : though, he promiied, he would extend his Au-
thority to ferve the Prince, as far as he could with his own
*^(9fety; and defer the pubiiihing and execution ofapyOr-
*^ ders he Ihould receive, till the Prince might facilitate the
** difpatch : and by this kind Advice very good Bargains had
been made for thofe Goods which had been foldj of v/hich
the Marlhal had an Account to his own defire.

But when, upon this unwelcome Advertifement, the King
made his Addrefs to the Cardinal to revoke this Qrdcr ; and,
as the belt reafon to oblige him to gratiiy him , told him,
*^ Thar the Money, which (hould be railed upon the Sale of
** thofe Cannon, was the only means he had to remove hin>
<^feIfout of France^ which he intended Ihortlv to do, and
*' to go to the hither parts diGermavy^ and that his Sifter, the
"Princefsof Or/y;?gf, and He, had fome thoughts of finding
" themfelves together, in the beginning of the Siimrrcr, at
*^ the Sfavi : which indeed had newly cnter'd into the Kmg's
conlideration, and had been entertained by the Princcfs Royalj
the Cardinal, being well pleafed with the reafon, told his Ma-
jelty, " That this Order was- not -newly made, bu: had been
" very Ancient, that no Merchants or any private Subjcdls,
"fhould buy any Brafs Ordnance in any Port, lelt ill iifc
*^ might be made of them j and that the Order was not new
" revived with any purpofe lo bring any prejudice :o his Ma-
" jeftv j who fhould be no lofcr bv the fc[tra:nt \ for that hin>

« lilt

Szz TheUiftory Book XIV.

<< fclf would buy the Ordnance, and give as much for them as
^ chey were worth ^ in order to which , he would forthwich
^fend all Agent to Kantes to fee tlie Cannon ; and, upon
" conference with a Pcrfon employ'd by the King, they two
^ihould agree upon the price, and then the Money fliould be
'' all paid together to. his Majelty in Psris : intimating ^ That
<^he would difbute the matter afterwards with CraiMPeU^ as
if he knew, or torefaw, that he would make fome demand.

I T was well for the King that this condition was made for
the payment of this Money in Pans ^ for of all the Money
paid or recciv'd at Nantes^ as well for the Ships, Tackle,*
and Ordinance, as for the Prize-Goods, not one penny ever
came to the King's hands, or to his ufe, but what ne received
at Paris from the Cardinal for the Brafs Guns which were
iipon the SivoBow-^ for the valuing whereof the King fene
one thither to treat with the Officer of the Cardinal. AiUhe
reft was difpofcd, as well as received, by Prince Rupert ^ who
when he return'd to Paris^ gave his Majedy a confufed Ac-
count ^ and averr'd, ^^ That the expences had been fo great,
*^ that there was not only no Money remaining in his hands^
'^ but that there was a debt itill due to a Merchant ^ which he
defired his Majefty to promife tofatisfy.
tt)9 Ki^ig The King^s refolution to go into Gernsany was very grate-.
refuives to ful to cvery body , more from the wearinefs they had of
5* ""• Gcr- -prance^ than from the forefight of any benefit and advadiage
*"*"/• that was like to accrue by the remove. But his Majefty, who
needed no fpurs for that Journey, was the more difpofed to
it by the extraordinary importunity of his Friends in £v^/tfff^;
who obferving the ftridt correfpondence that was between
the Cardinal and Crom^wsU^ and knowing that the Allyance
between them was very near concluded, and being inform'd
that there were conditions agreed upon , which were very
prejudicial to the King, did really apprehend that his Ma-
jeity's Perfon might be given up^ and thereupon theyfenc
Mr Harry Harry Seymour^ who, being of his Majefty 's Bed-Chamber,
Seymour jnd having his leave to attend his own Mairs in England,,
KJ.nzfron ^^^ ^^^^ ^"^^' would bc believ'd by the King, and being
hit frieudt addreded only to the Marquis of Ormond^ and the Chancellor
M England, of the Exchequer, he mig|it have opportunity to fpeak with
the King privately and undifcover'd, and return again widi
fecurity, as he, and divers Meflengers of that kind, frequent-
ly did. He was (ent by the Marquis of Hertford^ and the Ear^
of Southampton , with the privity of thofe few who were
truftcd by them, ^* To bc very importunate with the King,
** that he would reir.ovc out of France ; and to communicate
*^ to his Majelty all which they received from Perfons who
'< were admitted into many of the fecret refolutions, and pur-

« pofcs

Of the ReheUton^ &c. ^%^

^ pofes of Cromwell. And becaufe thcjr well knew in what
itreights the King was for Money, they found fome means at
that time to fend him a Supply of about three thoufand
pounds ^ which the King rcceiv'd, and kept with great fe-
crecy. They fent him word likcwife, ** That wherever he
<' (hould choofe to refide out of Frmfce^ they were confident
^ his Servants in England^ under what perfecucion foevcr they
^ lay, would fend him fome fupply : but whiUt he remain'd
^ in Frsnce^ no body would be prevailed with to fend to him.
The King was glad to be confirm'd in the refolution he had
taken, bv his Friends advice 9 and that they had in fome de-
gree enaoied him to profecute it ; which was the more va-
luable, becaufe it was known to none. Yet his Debts were
fo great in Fsris^ and the Servants who were to attend him in
fo ill a condition, and fo without all conveniences for a Jour-
ney, that, if the Cardinal^ over and above the Money for the
Cannon (which the King did not defire to receive till the
la(t) did not take care for die payment of all the Arrears ,
which were due upon the Alignment they had made to him^
he fhould not be able to make his Journey.

But in this he received fome eafe quickly; for when the
Cardinal was farisficd, that his Majelty had a full refolutioa
to be gone, which he Itili doubted, till he heard from HoU
land that the Princefs Royal did really provide for her Jour-
ney to the Spaw^ he did let the King know, <* That, againft
** the time that his Majefty appointed • his remove^ his Ar-
'* rears fhould be either entirely paid, or fo much ot his Debts 77;e CdrM-
"fecured to his Creditors, as Ihould well fatisfy them; and^'^W''*
"the reft fhould be paid to his Receiver for the charge of^^Jj/Vl'^
"the Journey; and likewife afll'ured his Majefty, "Thar, forp^^g,
"the future, the monthly Aflignation fhould be pundtually
*' paid to whomfoe\'er his Majelty would appoint to receive
*' it. This promife was better comply'd witn than any other
that had been made, till fome years after, the King thought
fit to decline the receiving thereof; which will be remembered
in its place.

All things being in this ftare, the King declared his refo-
lution to begin his Journey, aflbon as. he could put himfelf
inro a capacity of moving, upon the receipt of the Money he
expcdled, and all preparations were made for enabling the
Family to be ready to wait upon his Majefty, and for the
better regulating, and governing it, when the King fliould be
out of France 'y there having never been any order taken in
it whilft he remain'd there, nor could be, becaufe his Ma-
jefty had always eaten with the Queen, and her Officers had
govern'd the expcnce; fo that by the failing of receiving
Aloney that was proraifcd, and by the Queen's Officers re-
ceiving

Si^ TheHlftory Book XIV.

cciving all that was paid, to carry on the cxpence of their
Majelty':> Tabic, which the King's Servants durit not enquire
into, very few of his lVlajelty';> Servants had received any
wages from the time of ins coming from Worcefier to the re-
move he was now to make. Nor was it poflible now to fa-
tisfy them what they might in jultice exped:, but they were
CO be conccn:cd with fuch a Proportion as could be fpared,
and which might enable them, without reproach and fcandai,
to leave Pifm and attend him. They were all modelt in their
dclires, hoping that they iliould be better provided for in
another place. But now the King met with an obltrudtion,
that he ieait fufpedcd, from the extraordinary narrowncfs of
the Cardinal's nature, and his over good husbandry in bar-
gaining. The Agent he had fent to Nantes to view the Can-
non, made (b many fcruplcs and exceptions upon the price,
and upon the weight, that fpcnt much time j and at la(r,
offcr'd much Icis than they were wo» th, and than the othci
Merchant had offered, when the Injunction came that rcltrain'd
him from proceeding. The King knew not wiiat to propofc
in this, 'i'hc Cardinal faid, '^ He underftood not tl-e price of
" Cannon himlelt^ and therefore he had employed a Man that
^did', and it was reafonable for him to govern himfelf by
**HisConduttj who aflured him, that he otier'd as much as
"they could reafonably be valued atl It was moved on the
King's behalf, *^ 'I'hat he would permit others to buy them ;
" which, he laid, ''He could not do, becaufe of the King his
" Mailer's rcltraint ^ and if any Merchant, or other Pcrfon,
** (hould agree for them , Crown e/l would demand them
" wherever they Ihould be tbund j and there were not many
"that would difpute the Right with Him. In conclulion,
the Kinii; was compeird to rci'cr the matter to himfeU-^ and to
accept what lie was content to pay j and when all was agreed
upon according; to his own pleafure, he required new abate-
ments in the manner of payment of the Money, all allowance
for paying it in Gold, and the like, fitter to beinQlled on by
the m.eanclr Mcrchani, than by a Member of the facred Col-
lege, who v/ould be ellecm'd a Piince of the Church.
Tr Condi- VV H I L s T the King is preparing for his Journey to meet
r'urU.-s'^^? the Princeis of OravgCy it v/ill be ht to look bauk a U::Ic on
fi-friChi' the condition of the rcit of his Brothers «'nd Sillers. After
,''v.i.:ft:r thut thc Priuccfs Hifir:etta had been Iccretly convey 'd from
r . ;•- >.!- Oat/a»Js into Fravcey by :he Lady Mottton her Governeis, in
■'''•■""' "''''''The Year forty iix; and thc Duke of 7l'rX', in the Year forty
eight, had made his escape Ih^m Sjamey'Sy where He, and
the rclt ot the Royal Family that rJmniii'd in Enghnd^ were
under the Care -and Tuitior. of the I'^arl of Northitmhsrijfjdy
the Pailiamcnt would not lliftcr, wo.x did the Earl deiiro, th.v:

Of the ReheUton^ &c. yil*

the refl: (hould remain longer under his Government. But
the other two, thePrincefs Ettxuikethy and the Duke ofGlth*
cefter^ were committed to the Countefs oiLiictfiiry to whom
fuch an allowance was paid out of the Treafury, as might Well
defray their Expences, with that refpedt that was due to theit
Birth ; which was pertorm'd towards them as long as the King
thdr Father Liv'd. Butaflbon as the King Was Murder'd^ ic
was order'd that the Children (hould be remov'd into the
Country, that they might not be the objeds of reipedl to
draw the Eyes and Application of People towards them. The
Allowance was retrenched, that their Attendailts and Servantit
might be Icflen'd j and order wias given, " That they (hould
" be treated without any Addition of Titles, and that they
^ (hould Gc at their Meat as the Children of the Family did,
^and all at one Table. Whereupon they were remov'd
to Fenjhurft . d Hotife of the Earl of Lekefler*s in Kent ^
where they livM under the Tuition of the fame Countels,
who obferv^d the Order of the Parliament with Obedi-
ence enough : yet they were carefijUy looked to, and treated
with as much refped): as the Lady pretended (he durft pay to
them.

There, by an A<ft of Providence , Mr Lively an honett
Man, who had been recommended to teach the Earl of Swt-
derlandy whofe Mother was a Daughter of the Houfe of J>/-
ceftery became likewife Tutor to the Duke of Giocefttr j who
was, by that means, well taught in that Learning that was fit
for his Years, and very well inftruSed in the Principles of
Religion, and the Duty that he owed to the King his Brother t
all which made the deeper impreOion in his very pregnant
Nature, by what his Memory retained of thofe Inftrufiions
which the King his Father had , with much fervour, giyed
him before his death. But Ihortly after, the Princefs EUza'
hthj and the Duke of Gloceftety were remov'd from the Go-
vernment of the Countefs oiLekefier^ and fent into the Hfc
oi Wight to Carishrook CafUe ; where MiUmay was Captain J
and the Care of them committed to him, with an AfSgnatioii .
for their Maititenance^ which he was to order, and which in
truth was given as a boon to him j and he was required ftridtly,
** That no Perfon fliould be permitted to kifs their hands, and
<« that they (hould not be otherwife treated than as the Chil-
*'drcnofa Gentleman; which Mildmay obferv'd very exadl-
" ly J and the Duke of Glocefier was not call'd by any othct
Style than, M** Harry. The Tutor was continued, and fent
thither with him ; which pleaTcd him very well. And herd
they remain'd at leaft two or three Years. The Princefs died
in this Place ; and, according to the Charity of that time to^
wards cromwettj very many woiild have it bclicv'd to be by

Vol. III. Part ». " Mm ' ' . Poyfon j

Si6 TheHiftory BookXIV.

Poyiba ; of which there was no appearance nor any proof
ever after inade.
B u J wheUier this reproach and fufpicion made any io>

f>reflion in the mind of Cromwell^ or whether he had any jea-
oufy that the Duke o(Glocefier^ who was now about twelve
years of Age, and a Prince of extraordinary Hopes both from
the Comlinefs and Gracefulnels of his Perfon, and the Viva-
city and Vigour of his Wit apd Underftandinj^ which made
him much u)okeh ofy might^atfome time or other, be made
u(e of by the difcontented Parnr of his own Army to give
him trouble, or whether he would Ihew the contempt he liad
of the Royal Family, by fending another of it into the World
to try his Fortune, he did declare one day to the Parliament,
^ Ttiat he was well content that the Son or the late King, who
**was tl^cnlp CurUbroek Caftle, Qiouldhave liberty to Tranf-
^ port hiipfelf into any parts beyond the Seas, as he (hould
^ defire : which was at tiiat time much woxider'd at, and not
believ'd j and many thought it a prefage of a worfe inclina-
tion. ^ and for fome time there was no n^ore ^^eech of it.
iSut notice and advice being fent to the Duke by thofe who
wifli'd his Liberty, that he ihoulid profecute the obtaining that
Order and Releate, He, who dehred moft to be out of re-
ftrainr, fent his Tutor, Mr Ufuel^ to Ijniicn^ to be advifed
bv Friends what he (hould do to procure fuch an Order, and
Warrant, as was necefiary fqr his Tranfportatipn. And he,
by the advice of thofe who wiQi'd well to the Affiur, did fo
dextrquQy follicite it, that he did not only procure an Order
from the Parliament that gave him Liberty to go over the
Seas with the Duke, and to require Mildmay to permit him
to Embark, but likewife five hundred pounds from the Com-
raiflGoners of the Treafury, which he recciv'd, to defray the
Charges and Expences of the Voyage ; being left to provide a
Ship himfelf, and being oblig'd to Embark at the IQe oiWight^
ancl not .to fuflfer the Duke to go on Shore in any other pare
of England.

This happen'd in the latter end of the Year i6^% ; and
was fo well profccuted. that, foon after, the King received
advertifement from his Sifter in Huttaudj ^< That the Duke of
^ Ghcefier was arriv'd there ; and would be the next day with
" her ; which was no fooner known than the Queen very
earneftly defired, that he might be prefently fent for to Tark^
that flie might fee him; which (he had never done fince he
was about a year old ; for within fuch a (liort time after he
was Born, the Troubles were fo far advanced^ that her Ma-
jefty made her Voyage into Holland^ and from that time had
never feenhim. The King could not reiufe to latisfy his Mo-
ther in fo reaionable a defire, though he did fufpeA that there

might

Of the keheUtoH, &c. s^l

ttiight be a farther purpofe in chat defign of feeing him, than
was then own'd. And therefore he had difpacched prefently
a Meflenger to the Hague, chat his Brother might make all
pollibie hafte to Paris. He was accordingly prelently fenc for^
and came (afely to Paris , to the fatisfadlion of all who law
him.

Now all Expedition was ufed to provide for the King's
remove, To generally defired of all j and, for the future^ the
Charge of governing the Expences of the Family, and or pay-
ment of the Wages of the Servants, and indeed of iQuing out
all Monies, as well in Journies as when the Court refided any
Where, was committed to Stephen Foxy a young Man bred ^f StepbwJ
under the fevere difcipline of the Lord Piercy , now Lord ^^^^j^"
Chamberlain of the King's Houlhold. This Stephen Pox was n^getht'
very well qualified with Languages, and all other parts oiv^n^tHAM^
Clerklhip, Honelty, and Difcretion, that were neceflary for »<:^»
the difcharge of fuch a Truft ; and mdeed his great induftr^,
Modefly, and Prudence, did very much contribute to the
bringing the Family, which for fo many Years had been un-
der no Government, into very good Order; by Which his Ma-
jelty, in the pinching ftreights of his Condition, enjoy'd very
much eafe from the time he left Pans,

Prince Rupert was now retum'd from Nantes ^ and find-i*"«»Rd-
ing that he fhould receive none of the Money the Cardinal F^"V«^''
was to pay for the Brafs Ordnance, and being every day more l^^^f ,v^-
indifpofed by the Chagrin Humour of the Keeper (Who endea- u Germ^-
V6ur'd to enfiUme him againil the King, as well as againft moft oy.
other Men, and thought his Highnefs did not give evidence
enough of his concernhent and Friendlhip for him, except he
fell out with every Body with whom He Was angry^ refolv*d
to leave the King; wrought upon, no doubt, befides the fro-
wardnefs of the other Man, by the defpair that feem'd to at-
tend the King's Fortune; and told his Majefty, " That he was
" refolv'd to look after his own Aflairs in Germany, and firft
** to vifit his Brother in the Palatinate, and require what was
" due from him for his Appennage ; and then to go to the
" Emperour, to receive the Money fhat was due to him upon
** the Treaty of Munfier ; \^hich was to be all paid by the Em-
. pcrour ; from the profecution of which purpofe his Majefty
did not difiTwade him ; and, poffibly, heard it with morfe indif-
ferency than the Prince expedted ; which raifed his natural
Paflion ; infomuch, as the day when he took his leave, that
no body might imagine that he had any thoughts ever to re-
turn to have any relation to, or dependence upon the Kfn^ * >.
he told his Majefty, *< That, if he pleafed, he might difpofe df^Z^^
~^the place of Matter of the Horfe; in which he bad been /»/«<« •/Mi-
fettied by the late King, and his prefent Majeity had, to pre- fit^ «f rtf*

M m a ktvc^f*'

SiB The Hifiory Book XIV.

fiurve that Office for him^ and to take away the pretence the
Lord Piercy might have to it, by his having had that Office
to the Prince of PFaUsy recoropeMed Him with the place of
.Lord Chamberlain, though not to his full content. But the
* King bore this Relignation iikewife from the Prince with the
fame countenance as he had done his firit Refolucion^ and fo^
towards the end of Afril^ or the beginning of May , his
Highnels left the King, and begun his Journey for the Pala-
tinate.

Shortly after the Prince was gone, the King begun to

. think of a day for his own departure, and to make a Lift of

his Servants he intended ihouid wait upon him. He fore-

faw that the only end of his Journey jwas to find fome place

where he might fecurely attend fuch a Conjuncture as God

Almighty (hould give him , that might invite him to new

Adtivity, his prefent bu(ine(s being to be quiet^ and therefore

he was wont to fay, " That he would provide the beft he could

\ *^ for it, by having only fuch about him as could be quiet.

, He could not foreet the vexation the Lord Keeper had always

given him, and now impoOible it was for him to live eafily

.with any body ; and fo, in the making the Lift of thofe who

-were to go with him, he left his Name out; which the Keeper

could not be long without knowing; and thereupon he came

to the King, and asked him. <' Whedier he did not intend thac

^he (hould wait upon himt His Majefty told him, No; for

^ that he refolv'd to make no ufe of his Great Seal ; and there-

*'fore that he (hould (lay at Parisy and not put himfelf to the

** trouble of fuch a Journey, which he himfelf intended to

. '^ make without the eafe and benefit of a Coach : which in truth

he did, putting his Coach- Horfes in a Waggon, wherein his

*13cd and Cioaths were carried : nor was he owner of a Coach

in fome years after. The Keeper expoftulated with him in

vain upon the diihonour that it would be to him to be left

behind, and the next day brought the Great Seal, and deliver'd

The Uri it to him ; and dcfir'd " That he would (ign a Paper, in which

Kf»/'«'Her- cc ]^is Majefty acknowledged, that he had received again his

hmoficfti " Great Seal firom him ; which the King very willingly fign'd ;

tht Kj^s- ^^ ^^ immediately removed his Lodging; and left the Court;

and never after faw his Majefty ; which did not at all pleafe

the Queen ; who was as much troubled that He was to ftay

^ where She was, as that he did not go with the King.

fm^f'"* - ^^^ Queen prevailed with the King at parting, in a par/.

iiS tie ticular in which he had fortified himfelf to deny her, which

Kits '• was, " That he would leave the Duke of Glocefier with her;

rT? '^ which (he asked with fo much importunity, that, without

S*eKcacr ^^^y ^^^ difobliging her, he could not refift. She defired

miiJi h€r. bim <^ To conlidcr in what condition he had been bred till he

"came

Of the Reheliion^ &c. 5^19;

**came into France^ without Learning either exercife or lian-
<< guage, or having ever feen a Court, or good Company ; and
^' being now in a place, and at an Age, chat he might be in-'
<^ ftruotcd in ail thefe, to carry him away from all thefe Ad-
*^ vantages to live in Germany^ would be interpreted by all the'
''world, not only to be want of kindhefs towards his Bro-
''ther, but want of all manner of refpedt to Her. Thereafon-
ableneft of this difcourfe, together with the King's utter dit'
ability to fupport him in the condition that was fit for him,'
would eafil/have prevailed, had it not been for the fear that'
the purpofe was to pervert him in his Religion ; whi(!h when
the Queen had affured the King *' Was not in her thought^ andi
^ that (lie would not permit any fuch attempt to be mAde, fiisf
Majefty confented to it. . . ^

•Now the day being appointed for his Majefty to begm-fai^
Journey, the King defir'd chat the Chancellor of the Ex<3he-^
qacr might like wife part in the Queen's g6od grac^, Ht'Krtlft
Without her notable disfavour, (he having lieen fo fevere to«i
wards him, that he had not for fome Months prefum'd to 1>^^
in her prefence: fo that though he waS very defirous takifij
her Majefty's hand, he himfelf knew not how to make any ' Aif-
vknce towards it. But the day before the Kiqg was to begone^
the Lord F/Vrry, who was diredled by his Majefty to (^eak in
the Aftair, and who in truth had kindnefe for the Qisincellor^
and knew the prejudice againft him to be very unjufty broufi^f
him word that the Queen was content to fee him'5 anid tBaf
he would accompany him to her in the Afternoon, ' Accord- up$n the
ingly at the hour appointed by her Majefty, they found hitKSng*^ de-
alone in her private Gallery, and the Lord P/erry withdraw->*^*«*^'^
ing to the other end of the Room, the Chancellor told h^ni^.S^,^^
Majefty j '' That now (he had vouchfafed to admit him \Tito\iti tbeExche-
*' prefence, he hoped, flie would let him know the ground of ^ner bad dn
^ the difpleafure (he had conceived againft him j that fo hav- ->*«^«'» •/
^ ing vindicated himfelf from any fault towards her Majefty, Jjj^^^
** he might leave her with a confidence in his Duty, aiid re^
**ceive her Commands, with an alTurance that they ihould be
"pundlually obey'd by him. The Queen, with a louder
voice, and more emotion than flie was accuftom'd to, totd
him, <* That (he had been contented to fee him, and to give
<^ him leave to kifs her hand, to comply with the King's de-
** fires, who had importuned her to it j otherwile, tha« neliv'd
<^ in that manner towards her, that he had no reafon to ex-
" pedt to be welcome to her : that (he need not affign any par-
^^ticular mifcarriage of his, fince his difrefpedt towards her
<< was notorious to all Men; and that all Men took notice,
" that he never came where (he was, though he lodged under
f her Roof (for the Houfe was hers ) << And that Die tbou^t

M m 3 ^^flie

f30 Themftwy Book XIV.

^^ {be bad not feen him in fix Months before ; which (he look'd
^ upon as fo high an ASronc, chat only her refpedt cowards cbe
ff King prevail^ wich her to endure it.

When her Majefty made a paufe, the Chancellor faid,'
^^That her Majelty had only mencion'd hi$ punifliment, and-
^.QOChing of his fault : chac how great foever his infirmities
^5 were in defedl: of Underitanding, or in good manners^ he had
** ycc never been in Bedlam , which he had defcrv^d Co be, if
f< he had aSedted to publifli to Che world rhat he was in tho
^*^, Queen's disfavour^ by avoiding to be fecn by her : that he
i^ had no kind of Apprehenfion that they who thought worit
f^ of him, would ever, believe him to be fuch a Fool, as to.
<' provoke cheWife of his dead Maitef, the greacneis of whofe
^^ A^R^dtions to her was well known to him, and che Mother
Vof che King, who fubiifted by her favour, and all this in
^S France^ where himfelfwas a banifh'd Perfon, and Qie «c
^^^oroe, where (lie might oblige, or difobiige him at her plea-
f^'fure. So that he was well afliired, thac no body would think
^ him guilty of (b much folly and madnefs, as not co ufe all
t' the endeavours he poflSbiy could to obtain her Grace and
^ Protection: that it was very true, he had been long with-
^ouc the prefumpcion ofbcingin her Majefly's prefence, af-
f^ter he had undergone many (harp Inftances of her difplea-i
f^furc, and after he. had obfcrv*d fome alteration and averfion
'^ in her Nbiefty's looks and countenance, upon his coming
<^ into the Room where (he was, and during the time he (layM
^* there ; which others likewife obferv*d fo much, that they
^^ withdrew from holding any converfation with him in thofe
« places, our of fear to ofiend her Majelty : that he had often
^'defir'd, by feveral Perfons, to know thecaufe of her Maje-
^fiy's difpleafure, and that he might be admitted co clear him«
f' felf from any unworchy Suggeftions which had been made
f* of him Co her Majefty; buc could never obtain that honour;
^^ and therefore he had conceiv'd, thac he was obliged, in good
^'manners, to remove fo unacceptable an objed: irom the eyes
f* of her Majefty, by not coming inco her prefence; which
f^all who knew him, could not but know to be the greateft
^' Mortification that could be inflidted upon him ; and there*
^'fore he molt humbly befought her Majefty at this Audience,
?* which might be the la(t he (hould receive of her, (he would
^^ difmifs him with the knowledge of what had been taken
^^ amifs, thac he mighc be able to make his innocence and in«
^' tegrity appear ; which he knew had been blafted by che ma-
**lice of fome Perfons; and thereby mifundcrftood and mif-
** interpreced by her Majefty. But all this prevailed not with
bcr Majefty ; who, after (he had, with her former pafQon, ob-
je^ed his aedit widii the King^ and bis endeavours to lefTen

that

of the Rehellion^ &c .5' 3 1

that Credit which ihe ought to have, concluded,/' That fhe
*< (hould be glad to fee re^on to change her opinioQ ; and fb,
carelefljr, extended her hand towards him ^ which h$ kiffing,
her M^eity departed to her Chamber.

It was about the beginning of June in the year 165:4^ that The Ks»i .
the King left Paris; and becjiufe he made a private JoiirAey the ^' ^y* "•
firft night, and did not Joyn his Family till the next dayjJ"'**^^*'
which adminifter'd much occaflon of difcourfe, and gave occa,-
Con to a bold Perfon to publilh, iamoogd the Amobrs of the
French Court, a particular that refledted upon the Perfon c^
the King, though with lefs Licence than he ufed towards hiis
own Soveraign, it will not be amffs in this place to mentioii
a Preferva^ion God then wrloii^ht for the King, that was none
of the lead of his Mercies vouoifafed to him ; and which fhew?
the wonderful Liberty that was then taken by fome near hiit^
to promote their own defigrts, and projefts, at the price cf
their Matter's Honour, and the.Intereft of their Country, or
the Senfe they had of that Honour and Incefeft.

There was at that time in the Court of France^ or rather
in the jealoufy of that Court, a Lady of ereat Beauty, of ^
prefence very graceful and alluring, and a Wit and Behaviour
that Captivated thofe who were admitted into her prefcnCc.;
her Extradiion was very Noble, and her Alliance the bett under
the Crown, her Fortune rather competent, than abounding, for
her degree; being the Widow or a Duke of an llluftribus
Name, who had been kill'd 6ghting for the King in the lafe
Troubles, and left his Wife Childlefs, and in her fiill Beauty,
The King had often feen this Lady with that eftcem, and in-
clinatiotK which few were without, both her Beauty, and her
Wit deferving the hom^e that was paid to her. The Earl
of Brifioly who was then a Lieutenant General in theF^^^c^
Army, and always Amorouily inclined, and the more inclined
by the difficulty of the attempt, was grown powerfully in love
with this Lady ; and to have the more power with her, com-
municated thofe Secrets of State which concerned her fafety,
and more the Prince of Conde , whofe Coufiri German flie
was ; the communication whereof was of benefit, or Conve-
nience to both : yet though he made manv Romantick At-
tempts to ingratiate himfelr with her, and (uch as would nei-
ther have become, or been fafe to any other Man than him-
felf, who was accuftoni'd to extraordinary flights in the Air,
he could not arrive at the high fuccefs he propofed. At the
&me time, the Lord Crofts was tranfported with the fiune Am-
bition J and though his Parts were very different from the
others, yet he wanted not art and addrefs to encourage bim in
thofe Attempts, and could bear repulfes with more tranquil-
lity of mind, and acquiefcence, than the other could. When

M m 4 thefe

SZ% Th^Hiftory Book XIV.

thefe two Lords had lamented to each other their mutual In-
felicity, they agreed generoiifly to merit their Mifh-els's fa-
*vour by doing her a Service that (hould deferve it ^ and bold-
ly propofed to her the Marri^e of the King ; who, they both
knew, had no diflike of her Perfj^n : and they purfued it with
bis Majeitv with all their Artifices. Thdy added the repu-
tation of her Wifdom and Virtue tq that of her Beautv, and
^ That Die might be inltrumental to the procuring more Friends
^ towards his Reftoration, than any otner Expedient, then in
*^view: and at lad prevailed fo far with the King, who no
doubt had a perfed Efteem of her, that he made the Over-
tare to her ot Marriage^ which (be received with her natural
fnpdefty and addrefs, declaring herfelf ^ To be much unwor-
^thy of that Graces and befeeching and advifing him «To
^ preferve that afiedion and inclination for an object more
^< equal to him, and more capable to contribute to his Ser-
^vice; ufing all thofe Arguments for refii&l, which might
prevail with and enflame him to new itr)portunities.

Though thefe Lords made themfelves, upon this Ad-
vance, fure tp go through with their deOgn, yet they forefaw
manv obltrudions in the way. The Queen, they knew,
would never confent to it, and the French Court, would ob-
ftrudt: it, as they had done that of MMdetMifette -^ nor could
they perfwade the Lady her felf to depart from her Dignity,
tnd to ufe any of thofe Arts which might expedite the defign.
The Earl oiBriflol therefore, that the News might not come
to his Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer by other hands,
frankly imparted it to him, only as a pallion of the King's
that had exceedingly tranfported him ^ and then magnified
the Lady, '< As aPerfon that would exceedingly cultivate the
** King's Nature, and render him much more dexterous to ad-
** vance his Fortune : and therefore he profefled, " That he
^ would not difTwade his Majefty firom gratifying fo noble an
^^afifedlion J and ufed many Arguments to perfwade the Chan-
cellor too to think very well of the choice. But when he
found that he was fo far from concurring with him, that he
reproach'd his great Prefumption for interpofing in ari Af&ir
of fo delicate a namre, as by his Condua might prove the
ruin of the King, he feem'd refolv'd to profecute it no farther,
but to leave it entirely to the King's own Inclination ; who,
upon ferious reflexions upon his own Condition, and confe-
rence with thofe he trulted moil , quickly concluded that
fuch a Marriage was not like to yield much advantage to his
Caufe ; and fo refolv'd to decline any farther advance towards
it. Yet the fame Perfons perfwaded him, that it was a ne-
ceflary Generofity to take his laft farewel of her ; iand fo, after
)ie had taken leave of his Mother, he went fo much out of

his

-'V'" * ._-» ■*■■ • ■_. ., . *->.*

.4

. ••?

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I>^e c: 2>rt "uvir.s: :he:c l'.kiVv::o 'skoii i'.s .** \*' i^( ;V
King -'izc by :he ruch :ha: ::*.cy th^n a/;v;'.\: u^ waKo,
"tbcre W15 grci: rciibn to ».vnvl.:oo :ha; :N*\ \\^y\ \\y^ *um j'«
*" 'jjx^n Cf'jT^rj? ; wh'ch g<\v. mtoiivAruMi iv.j»*o ilu* KlnJ^^
prcicnce :hc irore acccpiiV.c 1>j: hc.uir> tVo v i\ \\\\\ *m \\\\\
Supper, and Lodging tha: Nifju» his M;<n'»Iv \\\y\ r.o» \\\^
lealt Addreis tiroir. the Arch-Oukc, who \\.i.< \\\\\\\\ u^\\\ \\\ ^^* ^''**,
five Leagues wirh his Army, hue p,'.ncd wi.h.osn \\\c \y^x\\\\\\ \;„i;,7ii
tice raken of him, ihrou^jh ihofc Piovuuo; *o iVi-ut \\<'\ «.■ .■.*
rour poOefled the hearts of the Sp^fu 4rMy W\\ thru \\w\\ inj\ u\) i. ■ •; *
refpcdl to the King in his palia^c throvij\h rhcn ^^*i'>^iM •.' ',. /*
fliould incenfe Crofn*uH'li as^amll incm, wliolc tiiciuilhip ihtv |,../'
yet feem'd to have hone oft n m.im* • •

His Majcfty intended to have mailc no H.iv* havin;*. n-. •'•»*•■»•
cciv'd Letters from the HifgHr^ that his Sillri wmn sihr.uly in ^l\ V'^ .h
her Journey for the Sp^'u). Hur, wlu'n he t.iinr lo ;»/»»i»i, lit',",,' ',?... ,,7
found two Gentleman there, whoranuMitii of I'.vfi^ui.i \vjthfiiinHi>M,i
Letters and Inftrudtions from ihoU: of liis I'rinulrj iluir who "■'."*"•'»
retained their old Affections. \\y ilicni his M.iplly w.in "» '^^ ''^"'/V
form'd that many of them recovered new (loni.ip.r (mm tlir '/,,'/' f^ *'
General difcontent which podcnal \\\v Kiii;Ml()in,,iiiii| whu h iMiKiiinii.
every day encrcafed by the coniinual Oppicflinn?!, niid Ty- •-'••"•«•■
ranny they fuftain'd. The 'J'axcs hiuI hnpdlifiuiiN <'VMy il.iy''"^''' '•
were augmented, znd Cromvjel/^ and hii. CuunciJ, did K' '"''''' 1.I.7m.'i.

534 TheHiftory Book XIV.

Ads of Soverai|;nty than ever King and Parliament bad at*
tempted. All doals were full of )ucn Perfons as contradi£tol
their Commands, and were fiifpeded to wifh well to the
King^ and there appear'd fucha rend among the Officers cf
the Army, that the rrotedor was compell'd to dUplace ma-
ny of them, and to put more confiding Men in their places.
And as this remedy was very neceilary to be applied tor his
Security, fo it proved of great Reputation to him. even be-
• yond his own hope, or at lealt his confidence. For the li-
cence of the Common Soldiers, roanifefted in their general
and publick difcourfes, cenfures, and reproaches of Him, and
his Tyrannical proceedings ( which Liberty he well knew
was taken by many, that they might difcover the Afiedions,
and Inclinations of other Men, and for his Service) did not
much afieft him, or was not terrible to him otherwHe than as
they were Soldiers of this, or that Regiment, and under this
or that Captain, whofe Officers he knew well hated him, and
who had their Soldiers fo much at their Devotion, that they
could lead them upon any Enterprife : and he knew well that
this (editious Spirit poflefled many of the principal Officers
both of Horfe and Foot, who hated him now, in the fame
proportion that they had heretofore lov'd him, above all the
world. This loud diftemper grew the more formidable to
him, in that he did believe the fire was kindled and blown by
Lambert^ and that they were all conduced and infpired by
bis melancholick, and undifcern'd Spirit, though yet all things
were outwardly very fair between them. Upon this difqui-
Ction he faw hazard enough in attempting any Reformation
(which the Army thought he durft not undertake to do alone,
and they fear'd not his proceeding by a Council of War,
where they knew they had many Friends) but apparent dan»
ger, and very probable ruin, if he deferred it. And fo truft-
mg only to, and depending upon his own Stars, he cafhier'd
ten or a dozen Officers, thougn not of the higheft Command,
and thofe whom he mod apprehended, yet of thofe petulant
and aduve humours, which made them for the prefent mod
ufefiil to the others, and moft pernicious to Him. By this
experiment he found the example wrought great cftedt* upon
many who were not touch'd by it, and that the Men who had
done fo much mifchief, being now reduced to a private con-
dition, and like other particular Men, did not only lofe all
their credit with the Soldiers, but behaved themfelves with
much more warinefs and refervation towards all other Men.
This gave him more eafe than he had before enjoy'd, and
raifed his refolution how to proceed hereafter upon the like
Provocations, and gave him great credit, and authority, with
thofe who had believ'd that many Officers had a greater in-
fluence upon the Army than himfelf. 1 x

of the ReheUion, Sec. f j y

1 T was very evident that he had foroe War in his purpofe i
for from the time chat he had made a ^'eace with tlie Dutcb^
he took greacer care to encreafe his Stores and Magazines of
Arms and Ammunition, and to build more Ships, than he
tiad ever done before j and he had given order to make ready
tivo great Fleets in the Winter, under Officers who (hould
have no dependence upon each other ; and Landmen were
likewi(e appointed to be levied. Some principal Officers
amongft thefe, made great profeflions of Duty to the King ,
uu^ made tender of their Service to his Majtity by thefe Gen-
tlemen. It was thought necedary to make a cays Itay at M^ns^
to diipatch thofe Gentlemen ; who were Very well known,
and worthy to be truiled. Such Commiilions were prepared
for them, and fuch Inllrudions, as were defir d by thofe who
employ'd them. And hisMajefty gave nothing fo much inrheKd^
Charge to the Meflengers, and to all his Friends in Engl^md ^^'j^'^^f'
with whom he had correfpondence, as *< That they (hould live England*
<^ quietly, without makiiig any defperare or unreafonable at^^^^^vr.
" tempt, or giving advantage to thofe who watch'd them, to
f^put them into Prifon, and to ruin their Ellates and Fami-
^ lies. He told them, « The vanity of imagining that any In*
^ furredion could give apy trouble to fo well a form'd and
^difciplin'd Army, and the deitrudtion that muit attend fuch
^ a ram attempt : that, as he would be always ready to ven*
^ ture his own Perfon with them in any reafonable, and well
^^ form'd undertaking j fo be would with patience attend God'a
^^ own time for fuch an opportunity ; and, in the mean time^
^ he would fit (till in fuch a convenient placp as he fliould ,

"find willing to receive him ; of which he could yet make^o
•"judgment: however, it was very neccfi&ry that fuch CJom*
iniffions ihould be in the hands of difcreet and able Men, ia
E^pe^tion of two Contingencies, which might reafonabljf.
be expected. The one, fuch a Schilm in the Army, as might
divide it upon contra: y Intereits into open Contefts, and De-
clarations againfl each other, which could not but produce an
equal Schifm in the Government : the other, the death of
CrdmweU^ which was confpired by the Levellers, under feve-
ral Combinations. And if that fell our, it could hardly b^
imagined, that the Army would remam united to the particu-
lar delign of any fingle Perfon, but that the Parliament, which
bad been with fo much violence rurn'd out of doors by Crom^
»eBy and which took it feliFto be perpetual, would quickljF
aflemble again together, and take upon themfelves the fupreme
Government.

Lambert, who was unqueftionably the fecond Perfon in
the Command of the Army, and was thought to be the firft
i,n their Afl^ons, had had no iefs hand tli^n CrpomweUhiny'

lUf

Si6 TheHiflor/ BdokXlV.

felf in the DiflblUtion of that Parliament, and was principal in
laifing him to be Protedlor under the Inftrument of Goverii^
menc ; and fo could never reafonably hope to be trufted^ and
cmploy'd by them in the abfolute Command of an Army tfaac
had already fo notorioufly rebell'd againil their Mailers. Theqt
JUomky who had the abfolute Command in Scotland^ and was
fats Rival already, under a mutual jealoufy, would never fiib-
mit to die Government of Lamiert^ if he had no other Title
to it than his own prefiimption ; and Harry CrtmweB had made
Imnrelf fo popular in Ireland^ that he would not, probably,
. be commanded by i Man whom he knew to be his Father's

Srateft Enemy. THefe conQderations had made that impre&
n i^on thofe in England who were the moft wary and averfe
from any rafli Attempt, that they all wifh'd that Commif^
fions, and all other necdlary powers, might be granted by the
King, and depofited in fuch good hands as had Sie courage to '
truft themfelves with the keeping them, till fuch a conjundui^e
fiiould &11 out as is mention'd, and of which few Men thou^
there was reafon to defpair.
' The King having in this manner difpatch'd thofe Mefien^

fers, and fettled the beft way he could to correfpond with his
'riends, continued his Journey from Mans to Natfrnr; where
he had a pleafant paf&ge by Water to Uege-y firom whene^^
i^eKi^ in five or hx hours, he reach d the Spaw^ the next day after
JJ^pj^ the Princefs Royal, his beloved Sifter, was come thither, and
mken he whcte they refolv'd to fpcnd two or three Months together^
MMfi tht which they did , to their Angular content and fatisfaflioa*
J^J^ "^ And for forae time the Joy of being out of Franccy where hii
^^ * Mftjefty had enjoy'd no otner plealure than being alive^ m^
the delight of the Company he was now in, fufpended all
thoughts of what place he was next to retire to. For as it
could not be fit for his Sifter to ftay longer from her own Afr
feirs in Holland^ than the pretence of her health required, fo
the Spav) was a place that no body could ftay longer in than
the (eafon for the Waters continued ; which ended with the
Summer.
'J^^'^^ •f The King no fooner arriv'd at the Spc^^ than the Earl of
^n^stl ^ochefier return'd thither to him from his Negotiation at lUh
the Kjng tishone ; where he had remained during the Diet, without •
ffm Ratif- owning the Charafter he might have aflumed j yet perform*d
^^* aH the Offices with the Emperour, and the other Princes^
with lefs noife and expence, and with the fame fuccefs as he
could have expected from any qualification. The truth is, all
the German Princes were at that time very poor ; and thK
meeting for the choofing a King of the Romans^ was of vaft
exoence to every one of them, aod full of Fa6tion,and contra-
diaion j fo that they had little leifure^ and lels inclination, t^

thinlc.

■

Of the ReheUiotiy &c. 5-37

think of any bufinefs but what concem'd themfelves : yet in
the dole of the Diet, by the condudl and dexterity of the £le-
Guat of identZy who was efteem'd the wifeft, and molt praifti-
cal Prince of the Empire, and who, out of meer generofity,
was exceedingly afpeded with the ill fortune of the King ^ thac
Aflembly was prevail'd with to grant a Subfidy of four Romer
Alonths ; which is the meafure of all Taxes, and impoGtions
in Germajy j that is, by the Romer Months, which every the KJnx
Prince is to pay, and caufe it to be collcdted from their Sufcn •^^^w *
jcfls in their own method. This Money was to be paid t(yf^f^fi
wards the better fupport of the King of great Britain. And the-^ ]^'
Eledtor oi MentZy by his own Example, perfwaded as many Germany
of ^e Princes as he had credit with, forthwith to pay their
proportions to the Earl oiRochefier-^ who was follicitous enough
to receive it. The whole Contribution, if it had been gene-
roufly made good, had not amounted to any confiderable Sum
upon fo important an occafion. But the Emperour himfelf
paid nothing, nor many other of the Princes, aroongft whom
were the Ele<fbor Palatinej and the Lan4grave o^KeJfe Caffel^
who had both receiv'd great obligations from King James^
and the laft King his Son : So that the whole that was ever
paid to the King, did not amount to ten thoufand pounds (ter-
li^g J a great part whereof was fpent in the Negotiation of the
Earl, and in the many Journies he made to the Princes, being
extresunly poflefled with the Soirit of being the King's Gene-
xaly which he thought he (hould not be, except he made Le-
vies of Men; for which he was very follicitous to make Con-
oadte with old German Officers, when there was neither Pore
in view, whece he might Embark them, nor a poffibility of

Cocurii^ Ships to Tranfport them, though CromweU had noc
len poflefled of any Naval power to have refilled them ; fo
Uind Men are, whofe Padions are fo strong, and their Judg-
ment fo weak, that they can look but upon one thing ac
once.

That part of the Money that was paid to his Majefty's
ule, was managed with very good Husbandry, and was a fea-
foniable fupport to his well ordered Family, which with his
own Expences for his Table, and his Stable, and the Board-
Wages, with which all his Servants from the higheft to the
kweft were well fatisfied, according to the eftablifhment after
he left 'Prance^ amounted noc to above fix hundred Piltoles, a ^' '"•"'*
Month; which expence was noc exceeded in many years, ^'''J?^" J
t?en until his coming into Holland in order to his Return intOy^tf« ff-

S^oMd. This method in the managery gave the King great mil].
e; contented, and kept the Family in better order and hu-
iQour than could rcalbnably have been cxpeded \ and was the
BH}re Citis&dlory, by the no-care, and order, that had been

obferved

5-38 The Hiftory Book XIV.

obretVd during all the refidence the King had made in Frsmct*
T HYL King ftay'd not fo long at the Spaiv as he meant to
have done, the fmall Pox breaking out there ^ and bneoftte
young Ladies who attended upon the Princefs Royal, being
Iciled upon by it, died : fo that his Majeity, and his Sifter, upon
The Ks"£ veiy I'uddain thoughts, remov'd from tne Spsv to Atemy or
trmovw t» j^quifgrane^ an Imperial, and free Town, governed by their
the^SwwT ^^" Magiltratesi where the King of the Romans ought tore-
* ceive his iirlt Iron Crown, which is kept there. Tnis place
is famous for its hot Baths, whither many come after they
have drank the cold Waters of the Sfaw, and was a part of
the prefcription which the Phyficians had made to the Prin*
cefs, after Ihe ihould have finifh'd her Waters in the other
Place. Upon that pretence, and for the ufe of thofe Baths,
the Courts remov'd now thither ; but in truth with a defign
that the King might make his Relidence there, the Town be-
ing large, and the Country about it plealanr, and within five
hours (for the Journies in thofe Countries are meafured by
hours) of Maefir/chty the molt pleafant Seat within the Do-
minions of the United Provinces. The Magiftrates receivM
the King fo Civilly, that his Majefty, who knew no other
Place where he was fare to be admitted, refolv'd to ftay there ^
and in order thereunto, contrafted for a convenient Houfe,
which belonged to one who was called a Baron ^ whether he
refolv'd to remove, aflbon as his Sifter, who had taken the two
great Inns of the Town for Her's, and the King's Accommo-
dation, (hould return into Holland,

Herb the good old Secretary Nicholas^ who had remain'd
in Holland from the time that, upon the Treaty of Breda^
the King had Tranfported himfelf into Scotland^ prefented -
kfrrttary himfclf to his Majcfty ; who receiv'd him Very gracioufly^ as
Nicholas a Perfon of great Merit and Integrity from the beginning of
k^mis hither i\^Q Troubles, and always entirely trufted by the King his
%iit^K^^ Father. And now to him the King gave his Signet j which
fives hm^^^ ^^^^^ Y^^^s had been kept by the Chancellor of the Excto-
tbe Signet, qucr, ouc of Friendihip that it might be reftored to hiro. And
he had therefore refilled in France to be admitted into the Se-
cretary's Office, which he executed, becaufe he knew that
they who advifcd it, did it rather that Nicholas might not have
it, than out of any kindnefs to himfelf. He held himfelf Ob-
liged by the Friendihip that had ever been between them, to ■
preferve it for him j and, aflbon as he came to Akewy de*
fired the King to declare him to be his Secretary ; which was
The Actmnts ^ont '^ by which he had a faft Friend added to the Council^
'ti ^fe^JT ^^^ ^^ general reputation.

#«?'«/Eng. When the King remain'd at Ahen^ he receiv'd many Ex-
hnd. prefles out of England^ which infbrm'd him of the renew^cl

coursfi?-

Of the RebeUtoTiy &c. 539

courage of his Friends there : that the Fadtion and AnimoGty,
which every day appcar'd between the Officers of the Army,
ftnd in cremvjeU's Council, upon particular Intereft, raifed a
general opinion and hope, that there would be an abfolute
rupture between them, when either Parry would be glad to
makeaconiundtion with the King's. In order thereunto, there
was an Intelligence entered into throughout the Kingdom, that
they mi£ht make ufe of fuch an occafion ^ and they fent now
to the Kfing to be directed by him, how they ihould behave
diemfelves upon fuch and fuch contingencies ^ and fent for
more Commidions of the fame kind as had been formerly fent
to them. The King renewed his Commands to them, ^tlox.tte gives the
**to flatter themfelves with vain imaginations j nor to ^\^fcPime aivite
**roo eaSy credit to appearances of tadtions and Divifions^^^ji^*^'^*
** which would always be counterfeited, that they might the
* more eafily difcover the Agitations, and Tranladtions of thofe
**upon whom they look'd as inveterate and irreconcilable
^£nemies to the Government.

News came from Scotla?id^ that MiddUton had fome Sue- 7^^ j^-^^
cedes in the High-lands ^ and the Scotlfb Lords who werePri- receives an
Ibaers in England^ aflured the King, " That there was now fo ^^^cemt
^ entire a Union in that Nation for hi5 Service, that they {[^^'Jj ^^^
" wifh'd his Majefty himfelf would venture thither : and the Middletom
^Lord Bdfcdrrisj who was with the King, and entrafted by
that People , ufed mult Indance with him to that purpofe ;
which, how unreafonable focver the Advice feem d to be.
Men knew not how to contradid by propofing any thing that
leem*cl more reafonable ^ and fo underwent the reproach of
being lazy and unadtive, and unwilling to fubmit to any fa-
tigqe^or to expofe themfelves to any danger j without which,
it was thought, his Majcity could not expedt to be reftored to
aoyparc ofhis Soveraignty.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer one day reprefentingtontfCTi4»r*/i
the King the fadnefs of his condition, and the general dif-/«r 0/ the
CoUrfesof Men, and, *' That it was his Majelty's misfortune, to J*'*'*?**''''

* be thought by miny not to be adtivc enough towards his Jj^^'^fT'*
"own redemption, and to love his cafe too much, in refpedl tf,„c^,^

• both of his Age, and his Fortune, defired him " To conlider hkgeins in*
''upon this news, and importunity from Scotlattdy whether !• ^^°'"
^inthofe High-lands there might not be fuch a fafe retreat ^
^and refidence, that he might reafonably fay, that with the
*^ifiedtion$ of that People, which had been always firm both

* to his Father and Himfelf, he might pref-rve himfelf in fafe-
^'ty, though he could not hope to make any advance, or re*

* coyer the lower Part of that kingdom podeflTed by the tne-
^mV; and if fo, whether he might not expcdi: the good hand
"of Providence , by fome Revolution, more honourably

540 The Hiftory Book XIV.

^' There, thailmfbdi Garners of other Princes Dominions,
tkeKs^z's a^s he might be forced to pat .himfelf into. His M^jefty dif-
'^'•^' courfed very calmly of that Country, part whereof he had
fccn j of the ipiferable poverty of the People, and their courfe
of Life ; and how " Impoflliblc it was for him to live tljere with
^Tecurity or with healtn^ that, if (icknefs did not dellroy him,
. ^^ which he had reafon to expedt from the ill Accommodation
^he muft be there contented with, he Ihould in a (hort time
<< be betray'd and given up. And in this Debate, he told him
that melancholick Conclulion, which David Lejky made at
Warrington Bridge, which is mention'd before, when he told
the King, ^< That thofe Men would never fight ^ which his Ma«
jcfty had never, he faid, told to any body before. * However,
he laid, << If his Friends would advife him to that Expedition,
^ he would tranfport himfelf into the High- lands ^ though he
^knew what would come of it, and that they would be forry
<*forit: which flopped the Chancellor from ever faying more
to that purpofe. And it was not long after that news came,
<£ Middletons having been hke to be given up to the Enemy
by the treachery of that People, and of the defeat his Troops
had receiv'd, and that he fliould be at laft forced to quit thaC
miferabie Country j which, however, he refolv'd to endure,
as long as fhould be poiEble.

The Seafon of the year now begun to approach that would
oblige the Princefs Royal to return to the Hagufi^ left the
jealous States, from her long abfence, might be induced to
contrive fome Adt prejudicid to her, and her Son ; which flie
was the more liable to, from the unkind Difierences between
Her and the Princefs Dowager, Mother of the deceafed Prince
of Orange, a Lady of great cunning and dexterity to promote
her own Interelt. The air of j^ken, and the ill fmell of the
Baths, made that place lefs agreeable to the King than at firit
he believed it to be ^ and he wilh'd to find a better Town to
refide in, which he might be put to endure long. The City
of Cologne wasdiftant from j^ken two Ihort days Journey, and
had the fame of an excellent Simation. But the People were
reported to be of a proud and -mutinous Nature, always in
Rebellion againft their Bilhop and Prince, and of fo much
Bigottry in Religion that they had expelled all Proteftants out
of their City, and would funer no exercife of Religion, but
of the Roman Catholick. So that there feem'd little hope
that they would permit the King to refide there; the rather,
becauie it was the Staple for the Wines of that Country, and
mainrain'd a good intelligence and trade with England. If the
King fliould fend thither to provide a Houfe, and declare a
purpofe to ftay there, and they fliould refiife to receive him,
it might be of very ill confequence, and fright any other

placfcs.

of the RebeUiou^ Sec. 5-4!

places, and j^ken it fel^ from permitting him to return thi-
ther; and therefore that Adventure was to be avoided. Ac
lalt it was concluded, that the Princefi Royal Ihould make
Cologne her way into H»Uand\ which was reafonable enough,
by the convenience of the River for the commodious TranP
portation of her Goods, and Family : and the King accom-
panying her fo far, might make a judgment, upon his obfer*
vation, whether it would be belt for him to iiav there, or to
i^eturn to ^i(r«; where he would leave his Family, as theplace
where he had taken a Houfe, and to which he meant in few
days to return. With this refbkition they left Akeny about
the middle of Stftemitr ; and Lodging one Night at Juliers^ a
little dirty Town upon a flat, not worthy to have made a
Qtiarrel between fo many of the Princes of Europe^ nor of the
fame it got by the Seige, they came the next day to Cologm ; J» Scptem
where they were received with all the Refpefl:, Pomp, and ^v/t^ni
Magnificence, that could be expeded, or the City could per* hisiiper
form. The Houfe which the Harbingers of the Princefs nad rome to cs-
taken for her Reception, ferv'd likewii'e to accommodate the^^^g"^*
King ; and the Magiftrates perform'd their Refpeds to both
with all poffible demonftration of civility.

Cologne is a City moft pleafantly Situated upon the
Banks of the Rbmej of a large extent, and fair and fubf^an-.
tial Buildings ^ and encompaSed with a broad and excellent
Rampcrt, upon which are fair Walks of great Elms, where
two Coaches may so on brealt, and, for the beauty of it, is noc
inferior to the WaSs of ,AuPwerp^ but rather fuperior, becaufe
This goes roufid the Town. The Government is under the
Senate and Confuls; of whom there was one then Coniiil,
who faid **He was defcended from Father to Son of a Patri-*
*'cian Roman Family,' that had continued from the time the
** Colony was firft planted there. It had never been other-
wife fubjcdl to the Biihops, than in feme points which refer to
their Ecclefiftical Jurifdidtion j which They fometimes en-
deavouring to enlarge, the Magiilrates always oppofe: and
that gives the fubjedt of the difcoiirfe of Jeaioufies, and Con-
relts, between their Prince atid Them; which are neither to
frequent, nor of that mosnent, as they are reported to be. The.
Eledtor never rdides there, but keeps his Court at his Caftlc
of Bonne^ near four Miles from thence. And that Ele<2or,'
Who was of the Houfe of BavMrm^ and a melancholick and
peevidi Man, had not then been in the City in very many
years. The Number of Churches arid Religious Houles is in-
credible j infomuch as it waisthen averr'd, *'That the Religi-
^^ous Pcrfons and Church-men made up a full moiety of the
^inhabitants of the Town; and Their intereft and Authority,
fofar prevailed, that^ fome few years before the King. came

Vol. HI. Parti. N n thither,^

54.1 TheBiflory feookXiy.

thither, diey expell'd all thofe of the Proteftant Religion, con-
trary to the Advice Of the wifeit of the Magiftacesj who
confefled <^Tbat the Trade of the Town was much decaved
^ thereby, and the Poverty thereof much increafed. And
it is very poffible, that the vaft Number, and unskilful Zeal
of the Lcclefiaftical and Religious Perfons, may at fome time
expoTe that noble Qty to thefurprife of fome powerful Prince^
who would quickly deprive them of their long enjoy'd Privi-
leges. AiKi there Was, in that very time of the King's day
there, a delign by the French to have ftirprifed it^ Sck97niferg
lying npany days in wait there, to have j)erfi3rm'd that Ser-
vice; which was very hardly prevented. Tbe People are fa
much more civil than they were reported to be, that they
feem to be the molt convertible, and to underitand the Laws
of Society and Converfation better than any other People of
Germany, To the King they were fo devoted, that when
they underftood he was not fo fixed to the refblution of redd*
neCitk.eiu jng j^j j^ken^ but that he might be diverted from it, they very
KAnrttre- h^J^^lforoely made tender to him of any accommodation that
pdt there. ' City could yield him, and of all the alSedion and Duty they
could pay him ; which his Majefty moft willingly accepted ;
and giving Order for the payment of the rent of the Houfe he
had taken at Aken^ which he had not at all ufcd, and other
disburfments, which the Mailer of the Houfe had made to
make it the more convenient for his Majefty^ and likewife
fending very gracious Letters to the Magilhates of that Town,
7T»e Kin ^^ ^^^ civility they had exprefled towards him , he fent for
fxisthen. ^h*f part jof his Family which remained there, to attend him
at Cologne ; where he declared he would fpend that Winter.

A s s o ON as thq King came to Cologne, he fent to the Neigh-
bour Princes, by proper meflages and infinuations, for that
Money, which by the grant of the Diet, that is, by their own
conceflion, they were obliged to pay to his Majelty j which
though it amounted to no great Sum, yet it was of great con-
veniency to his Support. The Duke of Newhurgh^ whofe
Court was at Duffeldorf, a fmall days Journey from Cologne,
^nd by which the Princefs Royal wa? to pals if ihe made uie
of the River, fent his Proportion very gencrouQy, with many
expreffions of great refpedt and duty, and with inlinuation
" that he would be glad to receive the iionour of Entcrtain-
"ing the King, and his Sifter, in his- Palace, as Chcreturn'd.
However he forbore to make any folemn Invitation, without
which they could nor make the Vifit, till fome Ceremonies
were firlt adjufted ; upon which that Nation is more pundual,
and oWf inate, than any other People in Eur^fi, He who gave
the Intimation, and came only with a compliment to congra-
tulate his Majeity's and her Royal Highhefs's Arrival in thofe

parts,

of the Hehellwriy &c. 543

part5, was well inftrudted in the particulars j of which there
were only two of Moment^ and the reft were Formalities from
which thejr might recede, it thole two were confemed to. The
one was, *«Thac the King, at their firlt meeting, ihould at leaft
''once treat the Duke, with Altefe-^ the other, ''That the
"Duke might falute the Frincels Royal j and without con-
fencing to chefe two, there could be no meeting between them.
Both the King and his Sifter were naturally enough inclined
to new fights, and.feftivities^ and the King thought it of mo^
ment to him to receive the refpedl and civility of any of the
German Princes : ami among Them, there were few more
conliderable in their Dominions, and none in their PerfonSi
than the Duke of Newl^urghy who reckoned himfelf upon the
fame Level with the Eleaors. And the King was inforin'd^
*' That the Emperour himfelf always treated him with Atiejfe^
and therefore his Majefty made no Scruple of giving him the
fame. The matter of faluting the Princels Royal was of k
new and delicate nature^ that dignity had been u) punOuall]^
preferv'd, from the time of her coming into Hi^Arxri/, tbatchd
old Prince of Orange^ Father of her Husband, would nevei;
pretend to it : yet that Ceremony depending only upon the
cuftom of Countries, and the Duke of Newhurgh being a So^
veraign Prince, inferior to none in Germany ^ and his Embai^
fadour always covering before the Emperour, the King thought
fit, and her Royal Highnefs confented, that the Duke Qiould
falute her. And fo all matters being adjufted. without any
Noife, the King, about the middle of OEiober^ accotnpaaiea
his Sifter by Water to DuJJeldorp'^ where they arriv'd betweefli
three and four of the Qock in the Afternoon ; and found the
Duke and his Duchefs waiting for them on the fide of the Wa-
ter; where after having performed their mutual Qviliti^ and
Compliments, the King, and the Princefs Royal, and the
Duke and the Duchefs oi Newhurghy went into the Duke>
Coach, and the Company into the Coaches which were pro-
vided for them, and alighted at the Caftle, that was very near;
where his Majefty was condudled into his Quarter, and the
Princefs into Her's, the Duke and the Duchefs immediately
retiring into their own Qiiarters; where they new drefled
themfclvcs, and vifited not the King again till above half act
hour before Supper, and after the King and Princefs had per-
formed their Devotion. , , [
The Caftle is a very princely Houfe, having been the Seat
of the Duke of clei;e j which Duchy, together with that of
Juliersy having lately fallen to Heirs Females ( Whereof the
Mothers of the Elector of Brandenhurghy and Duke of Kew*
hurghy were two, when all the Pretenders feifing upon that
which lay itfoO: convenient to them, this of Di^Bldorftj by

N n i aijtee-

i1

/-

J44 'I^^ Hiftory Book XIV.

agreement, afterwards remain'd ftill to Newturgb^ whofe Fa-
ther being of the Refbrm'd Religion in the late contention,
found the HouTe o( BranJenimrgh too ftrong for him, by hav-
ing the Fhnce of OranM and the States his faft Friends ^ and
thereupon, that he mi^t have a Ibrong Support from the £m-
perour and King of Sf^in^ became Roman Catholick^ and
thereby had the Adiftance he ezpeAed. At the fame time he

fiut his Son, who was then very young, to be bred under the
efiiits ; by which Education, the prefent Duke was with more
than ordinary Bigottry zealous in the Roman Religion.

H E was a Man of very fine parts of knowledge, and in his
manners and behaviour much the beil bred of any German. He
had the [lowing civility, and language of the Fr^xr^i^, enough
reflrain'd, and controled by the Germk^ gravity and forma-
lity j fo that, altogether, he fecm'd a very accomplifli'd Prince,
and betame himlelf very well, having a good Perfon, and

fraceful Motion. He wais at that time above thirty, and had
ecn married to the Sifter of the former, and the then King
ofPo/amli who leaving only a Daughter, he was now newly
married to the Daughter of the Landgrave of Heffe Darmftadt^
who upon her marriage became Roman CathoUck. She had
no eminent features ot beauty, nor the French Language and
Vivacity, to contribute to the Kntertaintpent ^ fo that (he was
rather a Spedlator of the feftivity, than a part of it. The
entertainment was very fblendid and magnificent in aJl prepa-
tions, as well for the Tables tvhich were prepared for the
t<ords and the Ladies, as That where his Majelty and his Si-
fter and the Duke and the Duchefs only fate : the meals, ac-
cording to the cuftom of Gefmany^ very long, with feveral
forts ot Mufick, both of Inftruments and Voices j which, if
not excellent, was new, and difier'd much from what his ma-
jelty was accuftom'd to hear. There was Wine in abundance,
but no Man prcfled to drink, if he called not for it j and the
Duke himfclt an Enemy to all excefles.

After two days (pent in this manner, in which time the

King made a great FrieiKiDiip with the Duke, which always

continued, they parted ; and there being near the River, di-

ftant another iliort day'i Journey, a handfome open Town of

Vit KJ,ng good receipt, call'd Sai^en^ belonging to that part of the Duchy

krings \m Q^r ^i^^^^ ^hich was afTign'd to the Eleftor of Brandenhtrgh^

SMiJn ia ^be King refolv'd to accompany his Sifter thither j where

tht Dmchj having (pent that Night, the next Morning her Royal High-

•/cievc: riefs after an unwilling Farewel, profecuted her Journey to

"''r' "!3 H<7ff^»^, and his Majefty retum'd by Horfe to Col^m ; where

\*!!KjHfr the fame Houfe was prepared for him in which He and his

*ettirni It Siftcr had inhabited, whilft flie ftaid there. And by this time

cofo^ne. the end of Oifoher was come , which, in thofc parts, is more

• ' than

Of the Rebellion^ &c. y4 jr

liian the entrance into Winter. The Magiftrates oftheQty
renew'd their civilities, and profeflions of refpedt to the King;
which they always made good ^ nor could his Majefty have
chofen a more convenient retreat in any places and He, be-
ing well refi-eRi'd with the divertifements he had cnjo/d, be-
took himfelf with great chearfulnefs to compofe bis mind to vk mtnj •/
his fortune ; and, with a marvellous contentednefs, prcfcribed ''/<^ ^^^^*
fo maiiy hours in the day to his retirement in his Clofet ;
which be employed in reaaing, and fludying, both the Italm
and French Languages : and, at other times, walked much
upon the Walls of me Town, ( for, as is faid before, he had
no Coach, nor would fufier his Sifter to leave him one) and
fometimes rid into the Fields ^ and, in the whole, fpent his
time very well.

The Nuntio of the Pope refided in that City, and per-
formed all refpedls to his Majedy : He was a proper and grave
Man, an Itauan Bifhop, who never made the leait fcruple .ac
his Majefty's enjoying the liberty of his Chappel, and the exerr
cife of his Religion, though it was very puolick ^ fo that in
truth his Majefty was not without any refpedt that could be
fhew'd to him in thofe parts, fave that the Eiedtor never came
to fee him, though he liv'd within little more than an hour;
which he excufed by fome indifpofition of health, and unwil-
lingnefs tp enter into that City ; though it proceeded as much
from the fuUennefs, and morofenefs of his Nature, unapt for
any convcrfation, and averfe from ail civilities ; which made
him for a long time to defer the payment of his fmall Qiota,
which had been granted to the King by the Diet, and was at
laft extorted from him by an importunity unfit to have been
prefled upon any other Prince, or Gentleman. This Elector's
defeat of urbanity was the more excufable, or the lefs to be
complain'd of, fmce the Eledlor Palatine^ fo nearly allied to
the Crown, and fo much obliged by it, did not think fit to
take any notice of the King's being fo near him, or to fend a
Meflenger to falute him.

W I T H I N a (hort time after his Majefty's return to Cologne^ ^n dccowt
he receiv'd news that exceedingly affiiaed him, and the more, '^ '*"' •""
that he knew not what remedy to apply to the mifchief which pJJ?s*f7/r^
he faw was likely to befall him upon it. From Paris^ his MsL-vrtthe
jefty heard, that the Queen had put away the Tutor he had ^'^ •/
left to attend his Brother the Duke of Glocefter ; who re- ^^?^*^i^.
main'd at Paris ^ upon her Majefty's defire, that he might'",*" •
learn his Exercifes. The Queen had conferr'd with him upon
*' the defperatenefs of his condition, in refpefl: of the King his
« Brother's fortune, ant the little hope that appeared that his
" Majelty could ever be reftored, at ieaft if he did not h:in
^ feu become Roman Catholick ; whereby the Pop^v. jin.i

N n 3 ' *•* c.ri:'.:r

^ TheH^orjf BookXif'.

c' otlier Princes of chat Religion, might be united m his quar*

* rci J which they would never utidertake ypon any odier ob-

* ligation: that' it was therefori'fit that the Duke, who had

* nothing to fupport him, nor couy expcd any thing from the
«« King, Ihould be inftnidted in the Roman Catholick Reli-
^^gion^ that fo, becoming a good Catholick, he might be ca-
« pable of thofe advantages which her Majetty fliould be able
« to procure for him : That the Queen of France woukJ here-
^upon confer Abbics, and Benefices upon him, to fuch a va-
^lue, as would maintain him in that fplendor as was fuitable
*to his Birth: that, in a little time, the Pope would make
^him a Cardinal j by which he might b^ able to do the King
*«his Brother much lervice, and cdntribute to his Recovery j
** whereas, without this, he muft be dxpofed to great neccfli-
« ty, and mifery, for that Die was not able any longer to give
<*him maintenance. She found the Duke more refolute than
|he expeAed from his Age -^ he was fo Well inftru&ed in his
Religion, that he difputed againft the change^ urged the

{>recepts he had received from the King his Father, and his dv-
ng in the Faith he had prefbribed to. him; put her Majeiiy
in mind of the promife die had made to the King his Bro*
ther at parting ; and acknowledged ^< That he had obliged him-
« felf to his Majeity, th^t he would never change his Reli-
**gion; and therefore befpught her Majefty, that ihe would
<* not farther prefe him' at jealt till he Ihould inform* the King
f« of it. The Queen well enough knew the King's mind, and
thought it more excufable to proceed in that AflFair without
imparting it to him ; and therefore took upon her the Autho-
rity of a Mother, and remov'd his Tutor from him ; and com-
mitted the Duke to the care of Abbot Mountague her Almo-
ner ; who, having the pleafant Abby of fontoife^ entertain'd
his Highnefs there, fequeftcr'd from all refort of fuch Peribns
as might confirm him in his averfnefs from being converted.

AssooN as the King received this Advertiiemenr, which
both the Duke and his Tutor made hafte to tranfmit to him, he
was exceedingly perplexed. On the one hand, his Majetty
knew the reproacnes which would be caft upon him by his
Enemies, who took all the pains rhey could to perfwade the
world, char hft himfclf had changed his Religion j and though
his excrcife of it v/as fo publick, wherever he was, that Strangers
referred to it, and fo could bear wicnefs of it, yet their impu-
dence v/as fuch in their pofitive averment, that they perfwad-
ed many in England^ and eipecialiy of thofe of the Reform^'d
Religion abroad, that his Mr.jetiy was in truth a Papift : and
^^his leaving his B''othcr behind him ip France^ where it was
evident the Queen would endeavour to pervert him, would
^^bc an Argument, that he did not dcfirc to prevent it ; on the
■L; ^ cthei;

Of the Rehellion, &c. 54.7

other fide, he knew well the little credit he had in France^ "
and how far thev would be from affiftiDg him, in a conteit of
fuch a nature witn his Mother. However, that the world mighc
fee plainly that he did all that was in his power, he Tent the
Marquis cSOrmond with all poflible Expedition into Frami-^'^* ^S
who, he very well knew, would fteadlly execute his Com-^]|J'^J^ >.
mancfs. He writ a Letter of complaint to the Queen, of her ormond
having proceeded in that manner in a matter of fo near im- inu Fnncc
portance to him, and conjur'd her " To difcontinue the pro-/*'' *»*»•
^fecution of it ^ and to fufier his Brother the Duke oi^ GIh9*
^ffer to repair with the Marquis of Ormond to his prefence.
He commanded the Duke ^^jNfot to confentco any Fropofi-
^dons which (hould be made to him for the change of hi« Re-
^ligion; and that he fhould follow the advice of the Mai^
^< quis of Ormondy and accompany him to Cohgne, And he
dire(^ed the Marquis of Orni^xu/ <<Tolet M^Mfu^tagnej and
*< whofoever of the Engiijh (hould joyn with him, know, that
** they fhould expcdl luch a refentment from his Majefty^ IF
** they did not comply with his Commands, as fhould be (uii-
^ able to his honour, and to the afiroiit tliey put upon him. ^
The Marquis behaved himfelf with ^o much wifdom and
re(blution, that though the Queen was enough offended with
him, and with the expodulation the King made with her, afid
imputed all the King's Iharpnefs and refokirion totheiCoun-
fel he received from the Marquis and the Chancellor of the
Exchequer, yet Ihc thought not fit to extend her power in d<?-
taining the Duke, both againft the Kind's and his own Will s
and the Duke, upon the receipt qf the King^s Letter, declared
^ that he would obey his Majefty j and the Abbot found, that
he mud enter into an abfolute defiance with the King, if he
perfifted in advifing the Queen not to comply with his Ma-
jefty's direflions : fo that, after two or three days delibera-
tion, the Queen exprefling very much difple^fureac the Kind's
proceeding, and that (he (hould wholely be devefted of the
power and authority of a Mother, tolcj the Marquis, "That the
<' Duke might difpofe of himfelf as he pleafed : and thac (he
« would not concern her felf ferther, nor fee him any more.
And thereupon the Duke put himfelf into the hands of the
Marquis : who immediately removed him from Fontoifi td the
Houfe of the Lord Hatton^ an EngUflj Lord, who liv'd then
in Farts ; where he remained for fome days, until the Marquis
coqld borrow Money ( which was no eafy matter) to denray
the Journey to the King. And then they quickly left FaHs'^nei/UrqHu
and (hortly after came to the King; who was extremely fa-^'y*'
tisfied with the Marquis's Negotiation and fuccefs ; and kept q^^^
his Brother always with him, till the time that he retum'd in-
to England^ the Queen remaining as much unfitisfied.

N n 4. Inno-

S^d TheHifiory BookXIV,

Innocent the tenth was now dead -, wo had ouc-liv'd

the underitanding and Judgment he had been formerly Ma?

fter of, andloltall the Reputation he had formerly gocten ^

and, as JchorMmj departed without lemg dejired. He had fo-

inented the Rebellion in EiHgUud by cheriihing that in Irer

Isnd^ whither he had fent a light-headed Nuntio, who did

much Epifchief to his Majefty's Service, as hath been touch'd

The Duke of '^^^''®' ^hc world was in great cxpc^tion who (hould fuc-

j^ew burgh ^^ Him, whcn, one day^ the Duke of NewhurgJi fcnt a Gen-

fends the tleipan to the King to brmg him the news that Cardinal ctigt

Kjng vfi^rd, yas chofen Pope j <* Of which, the Duke faid^ " His Majcfty

cwefwr' <^bad great caufe to be^ad j which the King underltood not,

^,yf„^^^.J3ut, uie next day, the buke himfelf came to the King, and

^d his dif- cold him, << That necame to Congratulate with his Majelty for

09urfe with ^c^e Ele^iou of the new Pope, who call'd himfelf Alexander

^'J^nif^ "thefeventhi aiid who, he laid, he was confident, would dp

'mA^i^ .^him great Seryicc^ and thereupon related a difcourfe that

fim'eaffii' h^ paQcid betwcen Him and the new Pope, when he was

cMiionio Nuntio at Coiegney fpme years before : When they two coq-

^CuJi^Lit^ ferring together ( " As, he (aid, " There was great confidence,

^^imce, ^ «°d Friendihip between them ) of the RebeUion in England^

;M>d.ofthe execrable Murder of the late King^, the Nuntio

broke out into great Paffion, even wi;h Tears, and faid, ^^It

^^was a monftrQus thing that the two Crowns (hould weary

•^' and fpend each others Strength, and Spirits,' in founjult and

^' groundless a War, when they had fo noble an occafion to

."unite their Power to Revenge that impious Murther, in

" which the Honour, and the Lives of all Kings, were con-

"cem'd^ and, he faid, the Pope was concern'd never to let

-*• either of them to be quiet, till he had reconciled them, and

^^obliged all Chriltian' King's and States, without confidera-

*^tion of any difference in Religion, to joyh together for the

"Reftoration of the Kingj which would be theercateft Ho-

"nour the Pope could obtain in this World. All which, he

f * faid, " the Nuntio fpoke with fo much warmth and concerij-

f^ment, that he* could not doubt, but that now God had

" raifed him to that Chair, he hoped, for that end, he would

"remember his former opinion, and execute it himfelf; be-

" ing, he faid, " A Man of the mofl publick heart, and the

" molt fuperior to all private defigns, that the World had : the

Duke taking great delight to remember many oMiis difcourfes,

and defcribing him to be fuch a Man, as he was generally bc-

liev'd to be for the firft two years of his Reign, till he mani-

fefted his Affections with more Ingenuity. The Duke de-

(iredhis Majelly to conlider, " Whether there might not be

" fomewhat he might reafonably wilh frorn the Pope ; and i\

f<.it were not fit to be propofed as from his Majefty, he would

* «^ be

of the Rehellion^ &c. ^ 5-4,9

'*be willing to promote it in his own Name, having, he
" thought, fome tnterell in his Holinefs. And, he fiid, " He
^^ was refolv'd to (end a Perfon purpofely to Rome with his
'^Congratulation, and to render his Odcdience to the Pope^
'^ and that he would inftruft that Perfon in whatfoevcr his
^ M^jefty iliould wifli : and though he could not hope, that
"any greater matter would be done towards his Majefty's
" Reftoration, till the Peace ihould be effedted between the
.^^ two Crowns (which he knew the Pope would labour in till
"he had brought it to paft) yet he could not doubt but that,
" out of the generofity of his Holinefi, his Majclty would re-
"ccive fome Supply towards his better Support^ which, for
'*' the prefent, was all that could be expedted : that the Perfon
**whdfn he intended to. fend was a Jefuit, who was at that
"prefent in Nenahurghy but he had, or would fend for him ;
" that though he was a Religious Man, yet he was a Perfon
*^ of that Experience, Temper, and Wifdoro, that he had eri-
" trufted him in Affairs not only of the greateft Secrecy, biit
<* in Negotiations of the grcatelt Importance ; in which he
"had always behaved himfelf with fingular Prudence and
"Judgment ; and he afliircd his Majcfty " He was equal to
" any Truft ^ and if, upon what he had faid and offered, his
" Majcfty thought he might be of ufc to him in his Journey,
" he would fend him u> Cologney aflbon as he came, that he
<^ might attend upon his Majcity, and receive any Commands
*^he would vouchfafe to lay upon him.
• Though the King had in truth very little hope that the
new Pope would be more magnanimous than .the old, and did
believe that the Maxim, with which Innocent had anfwer'd
tl]ofe who would have difpofed him to fupply the King with
fome Money, " That he could nor, with a good Confcicnce,
" apply the Patrimony of the Church to the alliflance and fup*
"port of Hereticks, would be as current Divinity with Alexam^
der^ and all his Succeflbrs, yet he could not but be abun-
dantly fatisfied with the kindncfs of the Duke of Ne^vohurgbj
and could not conclude how.far his Interpolition might pre-
vail upon a Temper and Con(H:ution fo rehn'd, and withouc
thofe Dregs which others had uf'cd ro carry about them to
that Promotion: therefore, a* cr rhoie acknowledgments
which were due for the Overtures , his Majelty told him,
" That he would entirely commit it ro his Wifdom, ro do thofe
" Offices with the new Pope as he thought fit, fince he could
" expedt nothing but upon that Account j and that he would
*' do any thing on His part which was fit for him to do, and
*^ which iliould be thought of moment ro facilitate the other
" Pretences. Whereupon the Duke told him, "That the bloody
f^Law? in England againft the Roman Catholick Religion

" made

SSO The Hiftory Book XIV.

^' made a rery great noife in the World ; and that his Majeily
^ was gcneraily underitood to be a Prince of a tender and mer-
^ciful Nature, which would not take delight in the execute
^ing fo much Cruelty; and therefore he conceived it roi^hc
^ bt very agreeable to his inclination to declare, and promife,
^ that when it (hould pleafe God to Reftore his Majefty to
^ his Government, he would never fufo thofe Laws to be
*^ executed, but would caufe them to be repealed ^ which g^
<<nerous and pious Refolution made known to the Pope^
<c would work very much upon him, . and di^fe him to make
^' an anfwerable return to bis Majetty. The King anfwer'd^
^^That his Highnefs might very(afely undertake oiihisbe-
<< hal^ chat if it (hould be in his rower, it (hbuld never be ia
<<his will, to execute thofe fevere Laws : biit that it was not
^^ in his Power abfolutely to repeal them ; and it would be
^ lefs in liis Power to do it, if he declared that he had a pur*
«< pofe to do it : therefore, "That muft be left to time; and it
^ might rcafonably be prefum'd, that he would not be back-
^* ward to do all of that kind which he (hould find himfelf
^aMe Co do: and the Declaration which he then made, his
^ Majclly faid, that he would be ready to make to the Perfoa
^ the Duke meant to fend, if he came to him : which was ac*
knowledged to be as much as could be delired.

Germany is the part of the World, where the Jefuits
are look'd upon to have the Afcendent over all other Mea
in the decpelt myfteries of State and Policy, infomuch as there is
aot a Prince's Court of the Roman Catholick Religion, where-
in a Man is held to be a good Courtier, or to have a dclire to be
thought a Wife Man, who hath not a Jefiiit to his Conteflbr ;
whidi may bo one of the rcafons, that the Policy of thatNa-
tion is (o diflcrcnt from, and fo much undervalued by the
other Politick Parts of the World. And therefore 'tis the
lefs to be wonder'd at that this Duke, who had himfelf ex-
traordinary QiLilifications, retain'd that reverence for thofe
who had tauglit him when he was young , that he belieN'^d
Them to grow, and to be improv'd as fait as He, and fo to
be (till abler to inform him. Without doubt, he did belie\'e
his Jcluit to be a very Wife Man ; and, it may be, knew, thac
He would think fo to whom he were fcnt : and afToon as he
came ro him, he fcnr him to the King to be inltructed and
informed of his Majclty's pleafurc. The Man had a verj- good
j/pe^:, and lefs vanity and prciumprion than tba: Sociery ufe
to have, and fecnVd deiirous to merit from the King by do-
ing him Service; but had nor the. fame confidence he nioLild
7W rfv.T do It, a5 his Maitcr had. And when he retum'd from Rortty
^^ '•'*•'- he brought norhing wi:h him from the Pope but general good
willies tor the King's ReiKv^ation, and (lui? complaints agiimt

v5'

Of th^ Rehellion, &c. yfi

Curdinal MMTMtim for being deaf co all Overtures of Peace ;
and that till then, all Attempts to fcrve his Majeily would be
vain and ineSedual^ and concerning any Supply ot Money, he
told the Duke, that the Pope had uled the lame Adage that his
Predeceflbr had done; and fo that Intrigue was deteimin'd.

The reft and quiet that the King propofed to himlelf in-^« m/itr*-
this neceffitated retreat, was dilturb'd by the impatience ^^^'*^/j^
ftdlivity of his Friends in England :, who notw;thftanding all^Qgi^,^^
his Majeft^'s Commands, and Injunctions, not to enter u^tibj fome •f
any fuddaih and ralh Infurreftions, which could only contri-»^«? KIk'
bute to their own ruin, without the lead benefit or advantage ^*^^
to His Service, were fo prick'd and iiung by the infolence of
^eir Enemies, and the uheafinels of their own Condition and
Fortune, that they could not relh They fent Expreffes every
day to Cologne for more Commidions and Inftrudtions, and
made an Erroneous Judgment of their .own (treimth and
power, by concluding that, all who hated the prefent Govern-
ment , would concur with them to overthrow it , at lead
would adt no part in the defence of it. They allured the
King, <^That tney had* made fufficient provifion of Arms and
<^ Ammunition, and had fo many Per(ons engaged to appear
^^ upon any day that iliould be affign'd, that they only defir'd,
^^ his Majedy would appoint that day ^ and that they were fo
^ united, that even the difcovcry before the day, and the clap-
'^ ping up many Perfons in Prifon, which they expedied,{liouid
^' not break the defign. The King doubted they would be de-
ceiv'dj and that, though the Perfons who lent thofe Ex-
preOes, were very honell Men, and had ferv'd well in the War,
and were ready to engage again, yet they were not equal to
fo great a worlc. However, it was not fit tp difcounrenance
or difhearten them j for as many of his Party were too reft-
lefe, and too aftive, fo there were more of them remifs and
lazy, and even abandoned to defpair. The truth is, the unequal
Temper of thofe who widi'd very well, and the jealoufy, at
leaft the want of confidence in each other, made the King's
Fart exceeding difficult. Very many who held corrcfpon-
dence with his Majeily, and thofe he alTigu'd to that Office,
would not truft each other; every body chofe their own knot,
with whom they would converfe, and would not communi-
cate with any body clf« \ for which they had too juft eiijcyfes
from the difcoveries which were made every day by want of
Wit, as much as want of Hondty ; and fo Men were caft into
Pxifon, and kept there, upon general Jealoufies. But this rei'er-
vation, fince they could not all refolve to be quiet, prov'd very
grievous to the King ; for he could not convert and reitrain
thofe who were too forward, by the counfel of thofe who
ftood in a better light, and could difcern better what was to hm

done,

SSI TheHifiory Book XIV,

done, becaufe they could not be brought together to confer ;
and they who apnear'd to be lefi defperate, were by the odbers
reproached with oeing lefs ASe£lionate, and to want Loyahy
as much as Courage : fo they who were undone upon one
and the fame Account, were opprefled, and com in pieces by
one and the fame Enemy, and could never hope for recovery
but by one and the fame remedy,' grew to reproach and re-
vile one another, and contraded a greater Animofity between
tfaemfelves, than againft their Common Adverfary : nor could
the King reconcile this diftemper, Qor preferve himfelf from
being invaded by it.

Though the Meffengers who were fenr, were addrefled
only to the King himfelf, and to the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, and were fo carefully concealed, that no Notice was
taken or Advercifemcnt fent by the many Spies, who were
fuborn'd to give Intelligence of any one Exprefs that was fent
to Cologne^ yet they had commonly fome Friend or acquaint-
ance in the Court, with whom they conferr'd j and ever re-
turned worfe fatisfied with thofe who made objedtions againfl
what they propofed, or feem'd to doubt that thejr would not
be able to perform what they fo confidently promifed ; and it
was thought a very reafonable convi6tion or a Man who liked
not the mod: extravagant Undertaking, if he was not ready
CO propofe a better : fo that hit Majefty thought fit often to
feem to think better of many things promifed than in truth he
Tropeptions did. The Meflcngers, wmch were fent this Winter to O^-

?o Ihis^u^ '•?** (w^o> I f^y ^^> ^^f ^ honett Men, and fent from thofe
pofe "frlm ^"o wetc fuch) propofcd to the King, as thev had formerly
England, done, " That when they were in Arms, and nad provided a
" place where his Majefty might land fafely, he would then
^ be with them;, that there might be no difpute upon Com-
mand ; and in the Spring they fent to him, " That the day
^« was appointed, the eighteenth of Aprity when the Rifmg
^* would be general, and many places (eifed upon, and fome
'* declare for the King; which were in the hands of the Army :
for they ftill pretended, and did believe, «* That a part of the
*^ Army would declare againft Cromwell at leatt, though not
** for the King : that Kent was united to a Man ; Dover Ca-
*^ ftle would be pofleffcd , and the whole County in Arms
** upon that day ; and therefore, that hts Majefty would vouch-
*^ fafe to be in fome place, concealed, upon the Sea-Coaft,
** which it was very eafy for him to be on that day ; from
" whence, upon all being made good that was undertaken,
•* and ftiU Notice given to his Majefty that it was fo, he might
'^then, and not before, tranfport himfelf to that part which
" he thought to be in the bcft pofture to receive him, and
"•' might give fuch other dire(3ion8 to the reft as he found ne-

" ccflary :

Of the Rehellion^ &c. j-yg

^ neceflary : and even all dyfe particulars were communicated
in confidence by the Meflengers to their Friends who were
near the King, and who again thought it but reafonable to
raife the Spirits of their Friends, by letting them know in how
happy a condition the King's Afiairs were in Eng/Mnd, and
^^ Tnat his Friends were in fo good a polturc throughout the
^ Kingdom, that they feared not that any difcovcry might be
<^ made to Cromweu^ being ready to own and juftify their
^' Counfels with their Swords : fo that all this quickly became
more than whispered throughout the Court; ai^ '^That the
^King was only expeAed to be nearer EngUnd^ how diiguif*
'^ed foever, that he might quickly put himlelf into the head
** of the Army that would be ready to receive him, whereby
'^all emulations about Command might be prevented, or im-
'< mediately taken away ; and if his Majeily fhould now neg-
^^ led): this opportunity, it might eafily be concluded, that ei«
'^ ther he was betrayed, or that their Counfels were condu(^ed
^^ by Men of very iliallow capacities and underftanding.

How weakly and improbably foever thefe preparations
were adjuited, the day was pofitively appointed, and was fa
near, at the time when his Majefty had notice of it, that ic
was not poflible for him to fend Orders to contradid: it : and
he forefaw, that if any thing ihould be attempted without fuc-
cefs, it would be imputed to his not being at a diftance near
enough to countenance it. On the other hand, it was neither
difficult, nor hazardous to his Majeily, to remove that re-
proach, and to be in a place from whence he might advance
if there were caufe, or retire back to Cologne^ if there were
nothing to do ; and all this with fo little noile, that his ab&nce
iliould fcarce be taken notice of. Hereupoi^ the Meflenger
return'd with the King's approbation of the day, and dire- t,>» kJj^
dtion, ^^ That adbon as the day Ihould be palt, an £xpre{s ^^•^es «/
« ihould be direfted to Fhjbing at the Sign of the City of Roan '^J. ^^ '^
(a known Inn in that Town) ^ to enquire for an EngUJkhimxi '^'^'
f whoib name was given him) ^^ who ihould be able to in-
^form him, whither he ihould repair to fpeak with the King.

Before the Meflenger's departure, or the King's Refo-
lution was taken, the Earl ofRockefter^ who was always jea-
lous that fome body would be General before him, upon the
firit news of the general difpoiition and refolution to be in
Arms, deiired the King, << 1 hat he would permit him to go
^^,over in difguife, to the end that getting to Lomd&my which
c^was very eaiy, he might, upon adviiing with the principal
^ Perlbns eng^ed, of whom there was none who had not
<^ been commanded by him, or was not inferior to him la,
^ Command, ailiit them in their enterprife, and make the beft
^ of thv force which they could bring tqget)ier ; and if he

<« found

Ss^ The Hi/ior/ Book XIV.

* found :hit thev were noc in tanh corripetendy provided to
*^ll::tiin :n<: n-ir shock, he might, by his Advice, aad Au-
^thoriry, cor^pot'e mem to espcdabeccer conjua^ure, and
** ia :hJ mean cime to give over ftli inconlidcrable Attempts;
^ana there wcxu be lictle danger in his withdrawing bade
•*agiin :o hi> Mi^elty.
xw I*-: .•/ W I T ti r."::s Ernnd :hc Earl left C^fegne^ under pretence of
]toch;r.'ier purijing hi5 Duii:ier> wich the GtrmMtt Princes, upon the Do*

Zl^^U •• f ""^-^^^ *^' ^^'^ ^*^* y *^^ which he ufed to make many Jour-
Kii r^ ^'/ nies ; &nj no^bdiy Ibrpec^ed that he was gone upon any other
noEng- detign. Bjt when he cime into Fbnufersj he was not at all
bivifiV- reicrv'dj bu: in the hours of good Fellowfhip, which was a
'" "■'^ great par: of the day and night, communicated his purpofe to
any Body he did believe would keep him Companv, and run
the fame hazard with him ; and finding Sr Jtfipt WngBaff'j
who had ferv'd the King in the lalt War very honeftly, and
was then watching at the Sea-Cdait to take the firft opportu-

) R9ctefier frankly
Sr jofeph what he was going about : (o they hired a Bark at Dunkirk ;
wagftiiF j^ij^ without any mifadventure, found themfelves in fafety to-
i^m.*'*' gather at L9nd§n*^ but many of ihofe who fliould have oeea

in Arms were feiled upon, and fecured in feveral Prifons.
The King The Meffengcr being difpatch'd, the King, at the time
^ctAagntf ^PPoi'^fc^j '«*n^ ^*^*^ he might be fure to be near at the day, left
2e-und. * Cologne^ very early in the Morning, attended only by the
Marquis oiOrwondj and one Groom to look to their Horfes :
nor was it known to any Body, but to the Chancellor and the
Secretary NickoiaSy whither the King was gone, they making
£ich relations to iniqui(itive People, as they thought tit. Hie
day before the Ring went, Sr John MekneSy and John N/cto-
/afy cldelt Son to the Secretary, were fent into Izealandy to
ftay there till rhey (iiould receive farther Orders j the for-
mer of them being the Perfon delign'd to be at the Sign of the
Koan in Fiujhwgy and the other to be near to prepare any
thing for the King's hand that (hould be found neceflary, and
to keep the Ophcrs; both of them Perfons of undoubted fi-
delity.

There was a Gentleman who lived in Miidlehirg^ and
of one of rhc bell Families and the belt Formne there, who
had iparricd an Englijh l^dy, who had been brought up
ill the Court ot* the Qjeen of Botemiit, and was the
Daughter of a Gentleman of a very noble Family , who
had been long an Officer in HoUand, The King had made
this Dutch-m^^i a Baronet ; and Ibme who were nearly ac*

Lquaintcd with him, were confident that his Majefty nught fe^
crctly

Of the Rehellion, &c. f^s

cretly repofe himfelf in his Houfe, wirhouc any noture taken
of him, as long as it would be neceflary for him to be con-
cealed. And his Majefty being tirit afliired of this, made his
Journey diredly thither, in the manner mentioned before;
and being received, as he expeded, in that Houfe, he gave
prefent notice .to Sr John Mennes, and Mr Nictolasy that they
might know whether to refort to his Majefty upon any occa-
(ion. Upon his firft arrival there, he receiv'd intelligence^
^^ That the MelTenger who had been difpacched from Cologne^
^met with crois winds and accidents in his return, wnich
^ had been his misforturne likewife in his Journey thither ; fo
^^that he came not fo foon to London as was expeded;
" whereupon fome conceiv'd that the King did not approve
'^ the day, and therefore excufed themfelves from appearing
** at the time : others were well content with the excufe hav-
^^ ing difcern d with the approach of the day, that they had
^^Embark'd themfelves in a defign of more difficulty than was
^< at firft apprehended ^ and fome were idluallv fcifed upon,
*'and imprifon'd, by which they were incapable of perform-
ing their promife. Though this difappointmenc confirm'd
the King in his former beGef, that nothing folid couU refulc
from fuch a general combination ^ yet he uought it fit, now
he was in a Poft where he might fecurely reft, to expeA
what the Earl of Rockefier^s prefence, of whofe being in Lon"
donhQ was.advertifed, might produce. And by this time the
Chancellor of the Exchequer, according to Order, was come
to Breda ^ from whence he every day might hear from, and
fend to the King.

T H E R £ cannot be a greater Manifeftation of the uni verfal
prejudice and averfion in the whole Kingdom towards Crom"
tveUy and his Government, than that there could be fo many
Deiigns and Confpiracies againft him, which were commu-
nicated to fo many Men,, and that fuch (ignal and notable
Ferfons could refort to London^ and remain there", without
any fuch information or difcovery, as might enable him to
caufe them to be apprehended ; there being no body intent
and zealous to make any fuch difcovcries, but (iich whofe
Trade it was for great Wages to give him thofe informationi,
who feldom care whether what they inform be true or no.
The Eirl of Rochefter confulted with great freedom in Lon"
don with the King's Friends ^ and found fhat the Perfons im-
prifon'd were only taken upon general fufpicion, and as being
Known to be of that Party, not upon any particular difcovery i

of what they defign'd or intended to do j and that the fame
Spirit ftill poflcfled thofe who were at Liberty. The defign in
Kent appear'd not reafonable, at leaft not to oegin upon ; but
be was perfwaded (and he was very Credulous)' that in the

North

ss6 TheHiftorj' Book XIV.

North tli€ic was a foundutioo offtrong hopes, and a Party
ready to appear powerful enough to pofl'efs themfclves oiTorky
nor had the Army many Troops in thofe parrs. In the Weft
likewife there appear'd to be a (Irong Combination, in which
many Gentlemen were eng^ed, whole Agents were then in
London^ and were exceedingly importunate to have a day
aOign'd, and defired no more, than that Sr Jofeph Wag-
/?ir^' might be Authorifed to be in the Head of them ^ who
nad been well known to them^ and he itras as ready to engage
?* h H» ""^ ^^^^ xh^m* The Earl of Rocbefier liked the countenance o£
d^XTr ^^^ North better ; and fent MnrmaJuke Darcy^ a gallant Gen-
the North J tleman, and Nobly Ally'd in thofe Parts, to prepare the Party
tf'-itfWag there j and appointed a day and place tor tne Rendezvous^
QaSinta ^^ promifcd to be himfelf there ^ and was contented that
tut mp. g^ Jofeph JVa£fiaff[\\o\x\i go into the Weft: who upon con-
ference with chofe of that Country, likewife appointed their
Rendezvous upon a fixt day, to be within two Miles o^Saltf-
burj. It was an Argument that they had no mean opinion
of their ftrength, that they appointed to appear that very day
when the Judges were to keep their Aflizes in that City, andf
where the Sheriff^ and principal Gentlemen of the County
were obliged to give their attendance. Of .both thefe refo-
htions the Earl of Rochejier^ who knew where the King
wasj took care to advertife his Majefty ^ who, from hence,
had his former faint hopes renew'd; and in a (hort time after
diey were (b improv'd, that he thought of nothing more, than
how he might with the greatclt fecrecy Tranfport nimfelf into
Entland'^ tor which he did expcA a tuddain oCcaGon.

Si r Jofefh Wagflaff had been formerly Major General of
the Foot in the King's Weftern Army, a Man generally be-
lov'd i and though he was rather for Execution than Counfel,
a ftout Man, who looked not &r before him ^ yet he had a
great Companionableneis in his Nature^ which exceedingly
prevail'd With thofe, who, in the intermimon of Fighting, lov'd
to fpend their time in jollity and mirth. He, aflbon as the
day was appointed, left London^ and went to fome |[of his
Friends Houfcs in the Country, near the place, that he might
afTift the Preparations as much as was pofTible. Thofe ofHamp^
/hire were not fo pundlual at their own Rendezvous, as to b«
^' safi'Sif. F^fc"^ ^^ fh^f n^*" Salisbury at the hour j hou^cver, Wgifiaff^
ry, ' and they of J^^A/Zjot, appear'd according to expedbation. Peu-
ruddock, a Gentleman or a fixi Fortune, and great zeal and for-
wardncfs.in the Service, Hugh Grave. Jonesj aiid other Per-
foris of Condition, were there with a Body of near two hun-
dred Hbrfe well Arm'd, which, they prelumcd would every'
day be imj^rov'd upon the accefs ot thofe who had engaged
themfelves in the Weftern Aflociation, efpccially after th©

fame.

of the ReheUion, Sec. SSI

Ame of their being up, and eSedting any thing, (faould como
to their ears. They accounted that they were already ftrong
enough to vifit Salisimry in all its prefenc luftre, knowing that
they had many Friends there, and reckoning all that who Were
not againit them, were tor them; and that they (hould there
increafe their Numbers both in Foot, and Horle ^ with which
the Towil then abounded : Nor did their comiputatio n and
conjed:ure foil them. They entered the City about five of thci
Clock in the Morning : they appointed fome Officers, of which
they had plenty, to caufe all the Stables to be locked up, tbat
all the Horfes might be at their devotion; others, to break
open Che Goales, that all there might attend their Benefaddrs.
They kept a good Body of Horfe upon the Market-place, to
encounter all oppofition ; ^d gave order to apprehend the
Judges and the Sherifi^ who were yet in their latds^ and to
bring them into the Market-place with their feveral Commiffi-
ons, not caring to feife upon the Perfons of any others.

All this was done with fo little noife and difbrder, as if the
Town had been all of one mind. They who were within
doors, except they were commanded to come out, ftayed ftill
there, being nx>re defirous to hear than to fee what was done;
very many being well pleafed, and not willing that otheii
(hould difcern it in their Countenance. When the Judges
were brought out in their Robes, and humbly produced their
Gommiffions, and the SheriflF likewife, Wagftaff refolv'd af-
ter he had caufed the King to be proclaimed, to caufe them
all three to be haiigi'd (who were half dead alreadv) having
well confider'd with the Policy which Men in fuch A£tions
are naturally poflefled with, how he himfelf fhould be ufed if
he were under their hands, chooiing therefore to be before-^
hand with them. But he having nor thought fit to deliberate
this before-hand with his Friends, whereby their rcrupulous
Confciences might have been confirm'd, many of the Coun-
try Gentlemen were fo ftartled With this propoucion, that they
protetted againfl: it ; and poor Tenruddock was fo paffionatd
to preferve their lives, as if works of this nature could be
done by halves, that the Major General durft not perfilt in it ;
but was prevailed with to difmifs the Judges, and, having
taken their Commiflions fi-om tham, to objige them upon an*
other occafion to remember to whom they ow'd their live%
refolving ilill to hang the Sheriff; Who pofitively, though
humbly, and with many tears, refufed to proclaim the King ;
which being otherwife done, they likewife prevail'd with him
rather to keep the Sherifl' alive, and to carry him with them
fo redeem an honefter Man out of the hands of their Enemies.
This feem'd an ill omen to their fijture %<^reem«nt, and fub-
ftiiflion to the Commaii|d» of their GenerfSj nor was the tefr^

yol. JJI. Ps^rt ». , - - Qy Q dcrhcart-

yr8 The Hiftory Book XIV,

derhcartednels fo geoeral, but that very many of the Gentle*
men weit: much fcandaliied at it^both as it were a coatradi Aion
lo their Cocnmaader in Chief; and as it would have been a
feafonable AQi of fcverity to have cemenued thofe to perfe-
vcrance who were engaged in it, and have kept them from
entertaining any hopes but ia the iharpnefs of their Swords.

The Noife of this Adion was very great both in and out
ctf'the Kingdom, whither it was quickly fent. Without doubc
k was a bold encerprife, and might have produced wonderftil
cfie&s, if ic had been prosecuted with the fame rcfolutiou, or
the iame ralhnefs^ it was entcr'd into. All that was reafonable ia
the general contrivance of infurre^tion and commotion over
(he whole Kingdom, was founded upon a fuppofuion of the
divifion and fa&on in die Army ; which was known to be
lb great, that it was thought cy^nuf/^durft not draw the whole
Army to a general Rendezvous, out of ^preheniion that
when they ihould once meet together, he mould no longer
be matter of them. And thence it was concluded, that, if
there were in any one place fuch a Body brought together as
mighc oblige Cromwell to make the Army, or a coniiderable
part of it to march, there would at leait be no difpofition in
diem to fight to Itreiigthcn his Authority, whicn they ab-
borr'd. And many did at that time believe, that if they had
remained with that Party at Salisbury for fome days, which
they might well have done without any difturbancc, their
Numbers would have much increafed, and their Friends far-
ther Welt muft have been prepared to receive them, when
their retreat had been neceuary by a itronger part of the Ar-
mies marching againlt them. croxvizM'Zf himfelf was alarmed;
he knew well the diltemper of the Kingdom, and in his Army,
and now when he faw fuch a Body gathered together without
any noife, that durft in the middle of the Kingdom, enter
into one of the chief Cities of it, when his Judges and all the
Civil power of that Country was in ir, and take them Prifoners,
and proclaim the King in a time of full Peace, and when no
Man durft fo much as name him but with a reproach, he could
not imagine, that fuch an enterprife could be undertaken with-
out a univerfal conibiracy ; in which his own Army could not
be innocent^ and therefore knew not how to trutt them toge-
Ttwfnr^ ther. But all this apprehcnfion vanilh'd, when it was known,
ti^HAU iji'uf ^Y\u within tour or hve hours af ccr they had perform'd this
'^ "' exploit, they left the Town with very fmall enaeafe or addi-
tion to their numbers.

The truth is, they did nothing refolutely after their firft
Action; and were in fuch diforder, and diicontent between
thcmfelvcs, tl^at without itaying for tl.eir Friends out ofHamp*
(bin i who were to the number of two or three hundred

Horfc,

k

Of the ReheUion^ Sec. f^^

Horfe, upon their way, and would have been at SAlisturj that
Nigbc) upon pretence chat they were cxpe(^ed in J>orfitJhir9^
they lefc the Town, and took the Sherifi with tlicm, about
two of the Qock in the Afternoon : but were fo weary of
their day's Labour, and their watching die Night before, chat
they grew lefs in love with what chey were about, and dif-
fered again among(i: themfclves about tiie Sheriff^ whom many
deiired to be prelemly releafed^ and chat Party carried it in
hope of receiving good OfBces afterwards from him. In this
manner they continued on their march Weitward. They from
Hampjbire^ and other places, who were behind them, being
angry for their leaving Saliihury^ would not follow, but feat*
cer'd thcmfelves ^ and they who were before them, and beard
in what diforder chey had left Wiltjhirt^ likewife difperfed 2
fo that after they had continued their Journey itkloDiv^nfi^e^
without meeting any who would joyn with chem, Horfe and
Men were fo cired for want of meat and ileep, that one iingle
Troop of Horfe, inferior in number, and commanded by an
Officer, of no credit in che War, being in thofe pares bv chance^
followed them at a diftance, till chey were fo (pen^ chac he x%f»^
ther increaced cban compelFd them to deliver themfelves j fom^
and amondt thofe WagSt^ffy quitted their Horfes, and found
(helcer in fomehoneft Men's Houfes; where they were concealed
till opporcuniry ferv'd co Transport them into the parts beyond
the Seas, where they arriv'd (afely. But Mr Temrtidtbekj M'
Grove, and moll of che reft, were caken Prifoners, upon pro^
mife given by che Officer chat their Lives (houid be faved )
which they quickly found he had no Authoricy to make good«
For Cromwell no fooner heard of his cheap ViOory, than he
fenc Judges away with a new commiffion of Oyer and Termi-
ner, and Order to proceed with the ucmoft feverity againfl
the Offenders. But Rolesy his Cliief Juitice, who had to luckily
efcaped at Salisbury, had not recovered the fright ; and would
no more look thole Men in the Face who had dealt fo kindly
with him j but expreflv refiifed to be employ'd in the fer-
vice, railing ibme icrupies in point of Law, whether the Men
could be legally condemed^ upon which Cromwell^ fiiortly
after, turn'd him out of his Omce, having found ochers who
executed his Commands. Fenruddock, and Grove, loft their
heads at Exeter', and others were hanged there 3 who having
recovered the faintnefs they were in when they render'd, died
with great courage and refolution, profeffing their Duty and
Lovaky to the King : many were fent to Salisbury, and tryed
tXiQ executed there, in the place where they had fo lately tri-
umphed; and fome who were condemned, where there were
Fathers, and Sons, and Brothers, that the Butchery might ap*
pear with fome remorfe, were repriev'd, and fold, and fenc

O o z Slavos

s6o TbeUiliory Book XIV.

Skves to the ^riad&es', where their treatment was fucb,
dut few of them ever return'd into their own Country. Thus
this little Hre, which probably might have kindled and enflam-
ed all the Kingdom, was for the prefent excinguiih'd in the
VVeil^ ^nd CrotfrmeU fecured without cbe help of his Army;
wiatch he /aw, by the Countenance it then ihew'd when they
Choughr he (houid have ufe of them, it was high time to re-
farm y and in that he refolvM to ule no longer delay.
-Rt iu fsc The Deitgn of the North, which was thought to be much
Irf /^^'^ better prepared and provided for, made left noife, and expired
2^^^^* more peaceably. The Earl of Rochejier^ who faw danger ac
a diitoace with great courage, and look'd upon it le(s refo-
luteiy when it was nearer, made his Journey from Londonj
with a Friend or two, into Twk-fhire at the time appointed ;
and found fuch an appearance ot Gentlemen upon the place,
as might v^^ry well have deferv'd his patience. There had
been fome miftake in tlie Notice that had been given, and
Ihey who did appear, undertook for many who were abfent,
that, if he would appoint another lliort day for a Render-
V0U8, he lliould be well attended. Marmaduke Dmtcy had
ffcosi his time very well amonglt them, and found them well
fii^pofed, and there could be no danger in itaying the time
proDofed, many of them having Houfes, where he might be
well concealed, and the Country generally wiQi'd well to the
King, and to Uiofe who concerned themlelves in his Affiiirs.
But he took many exceptions ; complain'd, as if they had de-
ceived him; and asked many Queltions, which were rather
reasonable than feaibnable, and which would have furniili'd
reafons ^ainlt entring upon the defign, which were not to be
urged now when they were to execute, and when indeed
they feem'd to have gone too far to retire. He had not yet
heard of the ill Succefs at Salisbury ^ yet .he did not think the
force which the Gentlemen were confident they could draw
together, before they could meet with anv oppolition, fuffi-
cient to enter upon any AdUon, that was like to be dangerous
ia the end : So he refolv'd to ftay no longer ; the Gentlemen
being as much troubled that he had come at all y they parted
with little good Will to each other, the £arl returning through
n^ E^ </ by-roads to London ^ which was the fecureCt place, from
Rocheiter whence he gave the King notice of the hopelefnefs of Affairs.
^^' ^\ If he had not been a Man very fortunate in difguifcs, he could
•wMcTle never have efcaped fo many perambulations. For as he was
sdvifcs the the leait. wary in making his Journies in fafe hours, (b he de-
Kiugcftiie parted very unwillingly from all places where there was good
Mpuoefi, eating and drinking ; and enter'd into Con&rences with any
Strangeri' be met, or joyn'd with.

Wheh

Of the 'Relelltony &c. 5-61

When be recurn'd from the North, he lodged at' Aybf- jt^ 0cri<bm
hury-y and having been obTenr'd to ride out of the wav in ^tiMfht^ek
large ground, not far from the Town, of which he feem'd **•'***'
to cake fome Survey, and had ask'd nany queftionc oi %^^^^'
Country Fellow who was there ( that ground in truth be-
longing to his own Wife) the next Juilxce of Peace had notice of
it ; who being a Man devoted co the Govemmentj^nd all that
Country very ill afi^ed always to the King, and' the- Ntfws
of Salishtryy and the Proclamation thereupon, having- pat all
Men upon their Guard, came himf^lf to the inn where the
£arl was; and being inform'd, that there were only two
Gentlemen above at Supper i for St* Kichoias Armnrn' was
likewife with the Karl , and nad accompanied him in that
Jfourney) he went into the Stable; and upon view of the
Horfes found they were the fame which had beenobfefir'd in
the Ground. The Juitice commanded the keeper of the Inii^
one Giivy^ who, betides that he was a Perfon notorioully ai^
feded to the Government, was likewife an OflScer, ^ That be
*' ihould not fufier thofe Horfes, iw)r the Perftwis. to whom
*^they belonged, to go out of the Houfc, till he,. the £ud
'^Juftice, came thither in the Morning; when he would exa*
^^ mine the Gentlemen, who they were, and from whence
^' they came. The Earl was quickly advertifed of ail that
pafied below, and enoagh apprehen(ive of what midt follow
in the Morning. Whereupon he prefcntly fent for the Ma-
iler of the Houfc, and no Body being prcfent but his Com*
panion, he told him, << He would put his Life into his hands;
*' Which he might *de(lroy or prcferve : That he could get no-
^ thing by thfeone, but by the other he Oiould have profit, and
^^ the good Virul of many Friends, who might be able co do him
^ go(^. Then he told him who he was ; and as an eartieft
ofmore benefit that he might receive hereafter, he gave him
jthirty or forty Jacokus% and a &ir Gold Chain, which was
more worth to be fold than one hundred pounds. Whether
tlK Man was moved by the reward^ which he might have
poflefled without defcrving it, or by generofity, or by wit
dom and forefight, for he was a Man of very good Under-
ftanding, and might confider the Changes which followed af-
ter, andin whi<%this Service prov'd of advantage to him,
he did refolve to permit and contrive their £fcapes: And
though he thought fit to be accountable to the Juitice frir
their Horfes, yet he caufed two other as good for their pur-
pofe, of his own, to be made ready by a trufty Servant in
another Stable; who, about Midnight, Conduced t^emintp
£.0W9«-way; which put them in Safety. The* Inn- keeper
was viQted in the Morning by the Juitice; whom^ he carried
into the Stable, where the Horfes (till Hood, he having ftiu

O o } kept

^

S6x TbeHiflory Book XIV.

ke!pt the Key in his own Pocket, not making any doubt of
the Perfons whiUt he kept their Horfes^ but the Inn>keeper
confefled they were Efcaped oat of his Houfe in the Night,
bow or whither he could not imaeine. The Tuftice threatened
loud^ but the Inn-keeper was of that unqueitionable Fidelity,
and gave fuch daily demotaftration of his Afiedion to the
Common-wealth, that Cromwell more fufpedted the conni-
vance of the Juitice- ( who oneht not to have deferr'd the exa-
mination of the Perfons till the Morning^ than the Integrity
of a M^n fo well known, as the Inn-keeper was. The Karl
rematn'd in Londen whiUt the enquiry was warm and impor-
tunate, and afterwards eafily procured a paflagc for Flanders ;
and fo returned to Colore.
TheK*^ AssooN as the king received Advcrtifment of the ill
iMd" J^ Succeffes in Ew^lavd^ and that all their hopes were for the
retur!i*t t» prefcut blaited there, he left Zeelandy and returning by Breda
cologne, uaid in a Dorp near the Town, till the Chancellor of the
Exchequer attended him 3 and then returned with all (peed to
Cologne}, where his little Court was quickly gathered together
again, and better difpofed to (it (till, and exped God's own
time. His Majefty was exceedingly afflided with the lofs of
& many honeft Gentlemen in England^ who had engaged
themfelves fo defperately, not only without , but exprdly
againft his Majefty's Judgment: And he was the more trou-
bled, becaufe he was from feveralofhis Friends from thence
advertifed, ** That all his Cdunfels were difcover^d ; and that
^^CromoDell had perfedl intelligence of whyfoever his Majefty
^'refolv'd to do, and of all he faid Himfelf; fo that it would
^< not be fafe for any Body to correfpond with hib, or to med-
^^dle in his Afiairs or Concernments : That his coming into
^ Zee/andy and his continuance there, was known to Crem^
^ well^ with all the particulars of his Motion j that many Per-
* fons of Condition were feifed upon, and imprifon'd for ha-
f* ving a defign to poflefs themfelves of fome Towns, and
^ Places of itrength ^ which intelligence could not be givfti
<• but from Cologne y implying, «*Tnat the mifcarriage in all
^* the la(t defigns , proceoded wholly from the Trcafon of
"(bme Perfons near his Majefty. The King did not at all
wonder that Cromtuelly and his Inftrumentsjitook great pains
to make it generally be bcliev'd, that they knew all that wa$
refblvM or thought of at Cologne '^ but tnat any Men who
were really devoted to his Service, and who had kindnefs and
efteem for all thofe who were trufted by his Majefty, fhould
be wrought upon to believe thofe reports, very much difturbed
jpim.

^ W H I L s T he was in this Agony, and immediately after his
return to c^togne^ a difcovery was made of a Villany, th^t

' ' made

Of the Rehellion, Sec. f6^

made him excufe bis Friends in EngfanJ for their Jealoo(y,7*»^«&/f*w
and yet compofed his own mind froroany fear of being be- ^ '^/^ ^
tray'd, it being an Impoilure of fuch a Nature, as was dan- p^,^ *
gerous and ridiculous together. There was one Manning^ Zmida ^r»'
proper young Gentleman, bred a Roman Catholick in the ff*^^r «-
Family of the Marquis offVercefierj whofc Page he had bccn.'**''*-^*'-
His Father, of that Religion likewife, had been a Colo&el in
the King's Army^ and was (lain at the Battle of ^Avj^rJc
where this young Man, being then a Yourh, was hurt, and
maim'd in the Itft Arm and Shoulder. This Gentleman came
to Cehpte Oiortly after the King came thither firlt, and pre-
tended, " That he had fold the incumbered Fortune his Father
^< had left him ; upon which he had enough to maintain him^
^ and refolv'd to fpend it in waiting upon the King, till hia
<^ Majelty fliould be able to raife an Army ; in which he hoped
" to have an opportunity to revenge his Father's Bloody with
many difcourfes of that Nature ; and he brought a Letter to
Dr Earles from his Uncle Msnnhgy who was well known to
him, to commend his Nephew to his converfation. He was
a handibme Man, had itore of good Qoaths, aiKi plenty of
Money ; which, with the memory of his Father, -^fily intro-
duced him, and made him acceptable to the Company that
was there. He knew moit of the King's Party in En^iawd^
and fpokc as if he were much trufted by them, and held cor*
refpondence with them ; and had every Week the DiuriKal,
and the News of Londott^ which feldom elfe came fo far as
Coldgne, He afTbciated himfelf mofl: with the good-fellows,
and eat in their Company, being well provided for the expence.
By degrees he infinuated himfelf with the Earl of Itochefier^
and told him <^ That all the King's Party look'd upon him, as
^* the General who muft Govern and Command them; for
^ which they were very impatient : That he himfelf would be
^^ready to run his Fortune, and attend him into Engiand\
^and that he had two hundred good Men lifted, who would
^ appear well Mounted and Armed, whenever he lliould re>
<< quire them; and that he knew where good Sums of Money
<< lay ready to be applied to that Service. The Earl was ra-
vifli'd with this difcourfe, and look'd upon him as a Man fenc
from Heaven to advance his deHgns ; and ask'd him, ^< Whe-
<< ther he had been with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and
^ communicated all this to him ? He fkid << He had, at his firft
•'coming to Town, waited upon theOianccUor; and intend-
ed ed to have fpoken of this, and much more than he had yet
^fpokcn, if he had been vacant, or willing to hear: but he
«' feem'd to him too referv'd ,• which he imputed then to fome
^ buiinefs that poflefled him, and therefore nnade him a fecond
^ viftc; when he found him with the fiune warinefs, mi with-

O o 4. *' out

564 The B/iory Book XIV.

*^ out a dcfire to be informed by him concerning the Affairs of
f< chat Kingdom; fo chat he rcfolv'd to vifit him no more.

I N Che end, he told the Earl, << That he would impart a
^ fecret co him of Che laft imporcance, and which he had not
^' i^c had opportunicy to iaform the King of, and, he did be-
^lieve, it would be che fame ching Co impart it co his Lord-
'^fliip as to his MajeLty himfelf : The Sum was, chat he was
« truupd by the young Earl of Vtmbroke^ whofe Affedions
^^ were encire for his Majefty, co aflure che King of the (ame ;
^and chac chough ic would noC be fafe for him co appear in
^ che head, and beginninjg of an Infurredion, he would ad-
** Vance it as much as ifne were there in Perfon ; and bc-
^^caufc he knew the Welt was becter prepared co begin the
^ Work Chan any other part of che Kingdom, he hadcaufed
^^chree choufana pounds co be laidafide, and kept ready ac
^ Wilton^ which fliould be delivered Co any Man, who, in the
'^ King's Name, fliould require it of fuch a Man (naming a
^Perfon, who was known Co be much crufted by cnac Earl)
^^ upon delivery of a private Token he produced out of his
^Pocket (which was a dean piece pf Paper, fealed with three
impreilions of an Antick Head in hard Wax | '< which, he
laid, ^'The Earl required him to prefent to the king when he
^ thought it might be feaibnable. He added, << That he would
<^be glad to be himfelf in chac firft Engagemenc, and fo to be
«prefenc when that Token fliould be delivered ; yet he confi-
^^ der'd, that he was not enough known to have fuch a Secret
*' imparted to him, as the time of fuch an Adiion ought to be ;
*'and therefore, if ic pleafed the King, he would prcfcntly de-
*' liver that Token into his Lordfliip's hands; who, he was
^< confident, would be the firft chat would have opportunity to
^'employ it.

T H £ Earl had the Journey then in his bead, which he made
(hortly after; and thought fuch a Treafurc as this would much
advance the Service. He made hatte to inform the King of
the whole, that he might have his approbation to receive the
Token. To chac purpofe, he broughc che Man co the King;
who had never before taken other notice of him, than for his
bringing the Diurnal cpnftantly to be read Co his Majcdy after
Pinner, or Supper, as he received it. He made a large Rela-
tion to the King ot what the Earl of Femhroke had command-
ed him to fay, and prefented the Token to his Majedy for
the three thoufand pounds ; the manner of his difcourfe be-
ing fuch , as the King had not the leaft fufpicion of the
truth of it. Aflbon as he left the King, the Earl brought him
'^^ to the Chancellor, conjuring him to ufe him with great kind-

Eels and gently reproaching him for his want of Courtefy to
iiQ before^ wnicl) he wonder'd at ; for it w^s very true that

Manning

>-•

Of the ReheUion, &c. s^S

JManning had vifited him twice before, and ic was as true, thaC
he had received him with as much Civility as was poCIibie, hav-
ing known his Father, and molt of his Family, and was glad
to fee him frequently at Prayers, well knowing that he had
been bred a Roman Catholick; and the young Man had feem'd
much pleafed with the Reception he nad given him. But
from the time that he made that Relation concerning the Earl
of Femhroke^ which he repeated over to him as he had related
it to the King, the Chancellor always fufpedted him ^ and
could not prevail with himfelf to have any familiarity with
him ; which the other complained heavily of, and the Chan-
cellor was much reproach'd for not treating a Ferfon of
fo much Merit, who had loit his Father and had been himfelf
xnaim'd in the King's Service, with more opennefs ; for he
did always ufe him with all neceOTary Civility. But the Chan-
cellor's knawledge of the Earl of Femhroke^ and of the hu-
mour that then poHefled him, and of the uncatinefs of his own
Fortune, which did not make him at that time Mailer of much
Money, befides chat he beiiev'd that, if the thing were truc^
he (hould have receiv'd advertifement fooner of it from a Pcr-
fon who was moft truited by the Earl, and who correfpond-
ed very conilantly with the Chancellor, made him diltrufl:
him. He therefore told the King, *^ That he doubted Man-
ning had made that part of the itory to make himfelf the
<' more welcome; which his Majedy did not think was a reap
fonable jealoufy 9 but wifh'd him to ufe all the means he could
to difcover the truth. The Chancellor had no ferther fufpi-
cion of him than upon the account of that ftory, nor the leaft
apprehenfion that he was a Spy.

Wh£N it was publickly known that the King wasabfenc
from Cologne^ at that time that he made his Journey to Zee^
land, in the manner that is mention'd before, the tarl of 12#-
chefter being departed from thence fome time before, M'
Manning appear d wondeflilly troubled, and complain'd to
fome, " That he being cntrufted by all the King's Friends, who
<< would not credit any Orders but fuch as fliould pafs through
<< his hands, the King was now gone without imparting it to
" him j which would be the ruin of his de(ign. He went to
the Chancellor, and lamented himfelf, " That there fliould be
<<any Sword drawn in England before His ; his Father's Blood
<^ boiled within him and kept him from deep. He defired
bim therefore, <' That he would fo far communicate thedefign
*< to him, that he might only know to what part of England
<^ to Tranfport himfelf, that he might be in Adtion aflbon as
<^ might be pollible. He could draw nothing from the Chan-
cellor; who told him, ^That he knew of no probability of
f < any Action ; and therefore could give no advcie. l/poa

which

S66 The Hifiory Book XIV.

V9hkh he comphin'd much of the Chancellor's want of kind-
neb to him : But he loft no time in following ^e King ; and
haying great acquaintance with Hsrhert Pricey a Man much
tnifted by the Earl of R^ehefietj and that afiedfced to know,
or to be thought to know the greateft Secrets, he prevailed
Upon him, upon bearing his Uiarges, to accompany him,
chat they might find out where the King was, at lea(t that
they might be ready on the Sea Coaft to Tranfport themfelves
into England upon the firit occaiioQ. Whether by accident,
or that the Earl ofRochefitr had made any mention of Zee--
hnd to Mr Fricty thither they both came; and feeing S^* John
JkiemmeSy and M^ Nkhelas there, they believ'd there might
Itkewife be others of their Celogne Friends. HfrSer$ Priee^ as
be was a Man of a very Inquifitive Nature, watched fo nar-
rowly, that he found an opportunity to meet the King in an
Evening, when he ufed to walk to take a little Air after the
days confinement. The King, fince he was difcover'd, thought
it beft to truft him; and charged him ^Not only to make no
^ difcovery, but to remove out of the Ifland, left his being
^ieen there, might raife fufpicion in other Men. He did
very importunately defire the King that he might bring Mmh'
mimg to fpeak with him, as not only an honeit Man ( as no
doubt he thought him to be ) but a Man of that importance
and truft, as might contribute much to his prefect Service.
But the King would bv no means admit him, nor did he
fee him; yet afterwards, upon thts refledtion, his Majefty
concluded that Cromwell came to be informed of his being in
Zeelandy without any reproach to Mr Prk&'s Fidelity ; which
was not fufpedted, though his prefumption, and importunity,
were always very inconvenient.

Shortly after the King's return to Celegitey Manning
likewife came thither with his accoftom'd confidence. And in
this time the Chancellor receiv'd Advertifement from Eng'
isnJy " That he had no kind of truft from the Earl of Pem^
« Sroiej but on the contrary, had been turn'd out of his Ser-
€i vice upon matter of difhonefty ; and that he was a loofe
<<Perfon of no Reputation : and his Majefty was informed by
others from Antwerp^ '^ That every Polt brought many Let-
« tcrs for him, which were taken up there, and tranfmitted
« to Cologne ; and that he had Letters of Credit upon a Mer-
<< chant of Antwerp for good Sums of Money. All this raifcd
a fufpicion in the King ; who gave diredion to a Trufty Per-
(bn, who was purpofely fent to take up all thofe Letters at
Antwerp^ which were fent thither from England for him, it
being known under what cover they came, and likewife thofe
which were fent from Colog^ by him, his addrefs being like*
wife difcover'd. By this means the Party recum'd with many

great

of the Rehellion, &c. ^67

great Packets both ftero, and to him ; which being open'd^
and read, adminiiter'd matter of great amazement. There
were Letters from Tturltno^ Cronrweil's Secretary and Princi-
pal Minifter, containing the fatisfadtion the Proteftor received
in the particular Intelligence he receiv'd from him, with fhort
Inftruaions how he Biould behave himfclf. The Perfon em-
ploy'd had been fo dextrous, that he brought with him Mam^
nhtg's Letters of three Polts, all full of the molt particular
things done at Cologne ; and the particular words faid by the
Kin^, and Others, that muft needs afiedl thofe who fhouici
receive the Intelligence ; but of all which there was nothing
true ; no fuch adtion had been done, no fuch word fpoken.

I N one Letter, after fiich Information as he thought fir, he
faid, " That by the next he fhould fend fuch advice as was of
** much more moment than he had ever yet fent, and above
^ what he had given from Zee/ami^ and by which they might
"fee, that there was nothing fo fecret at Cologne^ of which he
** could not be informed, if he had Money enough ; and there-
fore defir'd the Bill for the thoufand Crowns might be diP
patched. Together with this, the Letter of the fubfcquenc
rc& was likewife feifed upon ; and by his Method, which
was afterwards difcover'd, ic was very probable that they were
both fent at one and the fame time, and by the fame Poft,
though they were of feveral dates. That of the latter date
was very long, and in it was enclofed an Overture or Defign
for the furprile and taking of Plymouth ; in which there was a
very exadl and true defcriprion of the Town and Fort, and
Ifland, and the prefent Strength and Force that was there.
Then a Propofition, that a Veflel with fcve hundred Men
(there were no more delired ) fliould come to fuch a place ^a
Creek defcrib-d ) and upon a (ign then given, fuch a place in
the Town fliould be iirit feifed upon, whild the others fliouId
poflefs both the Fort, and the Ifland. The Names of the Per-
fons who undertook to do both the one. and the other, were
likewife fet down, and they were all Men known to be well
afiedtedtothe King, who, with the afliftance of that five hun-
dred Men, mi^t indeed be able to Matter the Place. For
the better going through the Work when it was thus begun,
there was an uudertakinsthat Sr Hugh Pollard^ and other Per-
fons named, who were au notable Men for their Zeal to the
King's Service, fhould be ready from the Divon^Jhire fide, as
Colonel Arundel and others from Cornwall to fecond and
fiipport what was to be done.

The Letter informed, " That when the King delivered that
** Riper to the Council r which he laid, '*He had receiv'd
^from a very good hana; and then the Marquis oiQ^rmond
made this, and this obje^on, and others found this, and thac

difficult]^

S6Z The Hlftory Book XIV.

difficulty ia the Execution of the Enterprife, all which the
CkuKellor anTwer'd very clearly, and the King himfelf faid
▼ay much of the ea(ine($ of the Undertaking) ^Th^re was
^one difficulty urged, that the King himfelf appeared to be
^ftartled at, and looked upon the Chancellor j who arofc
*< from hi9 place, and went to the King^s Chair, and whifper'd
^fbmewhat in his Ear. Whereupon his Mijefty told the
^ Lords, that he had indeed forgot fomewhat that the Chan*
^cellor put him in mind of, and for that particular they (hould
Prefer the care of it to Him, who would take it upon him,
^ and fo the matter was refolv'd, and the Earl of Rochejter un-
^dertook for the five hundred Men, and their Tranfportation»
Manning concluded, ^That if he had Money, they iliould
^know conliancly how this defign (liould be advanced or
*^any other fee on foot. Every Body was exceedingly amaxed
at this relation, in which there was not one fyllable of truth.
There had never fuch a Fropdition been made, nor was there
any fuch debate or difcourfe. There were in his Letter ma-
ny vain infinuations of his Intereii, as \i he were never ouc
rf the Kin^s Company. Two of the King's Servants were
fent to feife upon his Perfon, and his Papers y who found him
in his Chamber writing, and his Cipher and Papers before
him^ all which they poOTefled chemfelves of without any re-
iifbmce. There were feveral Letters prepared, and made up
with the dates proper for many Polts to come, with informa*
cion, and intelligence, of the fame nature as the former.

The Secretary of State, and one of the Lords of the Coun-
cil, were fent to examine him ; to whom he confefled, with
ouc any referve, " That the neceffity of his Fortune had ex-
<( pofed him to that bafe Condition of Life ; and, to make
** himfelf fit for it, he had diOembled his Religion i for, he
** {aid, he remained ftill a Catholick ; That he was fent over by
<^ Thurtom to be a Spy wherever the King (hould be, and had
^^ condantly fent him Intelligence, for which he had received
"good Sums of Moneys yet, that he had been fo troubled ia
*^ Mind for the vilenels of the Life he led, that he was refolv'd
" by raifing great expedations in them, to draw a good Sum
*^ of Money from them ^ and then to renounce farther cor-
"refpondence, and to procure the King's Pardon, and faith-
"fully tofcrve him. Being ask'd, why he made fuch rela-
tions, which had no truth in them, he anfwer'd, *' That if he
" had come to the knowledge of any thing which in truth had
*<= concerned the King, he would never have difcbver'd it ;
<^ but he thought it would do no prejudice to the King, if he
<*got Money from the Rebels by fending them Lies, which
^^ could neither do them good, nor hurt his Majefty ; and
<< dier^fore all his care was co amufe them with particulars^

^ which

Oftlye ReheUiofty &c. j6^

^ which he knew would pleafe them j and fo when he was
^ alone he always prepared Letters containing fuch things as
** occurred to his Invention, to be fent by the luccceding Polts,
•* and that he had never written any thing that was true, but
« of his Majefty's being in Zeeiand'^ which, he believ'd, could
^ produce no prejudice to him.

The King now difccrnM from whence all the Apprehen*
fions of his Friends proceeded ; and that they had too much
ground for their Jealoufies ; for though none of his Counfels
had been difcover'd, they who had received thofe Letters,
might reafoiublv think that none of them were concealed^
and might well orag to their Clonfidents of their knowing all
that the King did. By this means, fiich particulars were tranf-
mitted to the King's Friends, as could not but very much
amufe them, and no doubt, was the caufe of the commit-
ment of very many Perfons, and of fome who had no purpofe
to fuffer for their Loyalty. His Majefty took care to publifli
the Tranfadtions of this Man, with the Method of the Intelli-
gence he gave^ by which his Friends difcern'd with whatftia-
dows they had been affrighted, and his Enemies likewife dif-
covcr'd what current Ware they had received for their Mo-
ney : yet they cndeavour'd to have it believ'd that he was
not a Man fent over by Them, but a Secretary in great Truft
about fome Perfon employed, whom they had corrupted : in
which Men werje likewife quickly undeceiv'd, and knew that
he was a Man without any dependence or relation to, or coun-
tenance from the Court : and the Wretch foon after, rcceiv'd
the reward due to his Treaibn.

A s the King's hopes were much Eclipfed in England by cromwcTlv
the late unfeafonable Attempt, and the lofs of fo many gajlanc ^^*^^gc
Perfons, as periih'd or were undone in it; fo Cromwell advanced %lj'JYi^
his own Credit, and was very much enriched by it, and more ^>^?^Pj^
confirm'd with thofe who were of doubtful Faith towards /j,
him. He lay before under the reproach of divifing Plots him-
felf, that the Common- Wealth might be thought in danger, to
the end he might have cxcufe to continue fo Va(t Forces ItiU
in pay. Whereas it now appcar'd how AAive, and confident
the King's Party (till was, and that they would not have had
the prefumption to make fo bold an Attempt in the middle of
the Kingdom, if they had not had good Aflurance of being
feconded j and therefore they were to look upon the Fire as
only raked up, not extinguilhed. The Succcls and Triumph
of a few defperate Perfons at Salts turyy that had produced fuch
a Confternation throughout the Kingdom, and would have en^
danger'd the fecuriiy of the whole Welt , if there had not
happen'd fome accidental confufion amongd the Undertakers,
was evidence enough that there was not yet Force fufficient to

provide.

y70 The Hiftory Book XIV.

provide for the Safety of the Kingdom^ and therefore chat ic
was neceOary to make better provifion for the quiet of every
County, that it might not be endanger'd by every bold Ac^
tempt: and the Charge that this neceOary Defence would
caule, fliould in Juftice be borne by thofe who were the Oc-
caiion of the Expence.

Thereupon he made by his own Authority, and that
of his Council, an Order, ^^ That all thofe who had ever borne
^ Arms for. the King, or had declared themfelves to be of
tStOrdtr ^ the Royal Party Ihould be decimated, that is, pay a tenth
/^ ^' • part ot all that Eftate which they had left, to fupport the
J^'SJpJ^ ^ Charge which the Common- wealth was put to, by the un-
^^ ^quiecnefs of their Temper, and the juft Caufe of Jealoufy
^< which they had adminiiter'd. And that the Publick might
lofe nothing of what he had fb frankly given to it, CommU&on-
ers were appointed in every County, to value what the tenth
part of every fuch Mate did amount to; and that no Man
miglit have too good a bargain of his own, every Man was
obliged to pay as much as thofe Commiilioners judged fit ; and
till he paid it, befides Imprifonment, which was a judgment
apart, and infli&ed once or twice a year, as the Jealouiies
wrought, his whole Efbite was fequeiter'd. And in this de-
cimation there was no confideration taken of former Compo-
fitions, of any Articles of War, or of any Adts of pardon and
indemnity, which had been granted under their great Seal,
without enquirv into their Adtions, or fo much as accufing
any of them ot any crime or guile, or of having any Cor-
reipondence with the Kiug, or any body truited by him ; or
that they were in any degree privy to the late dciigns or in*
furre<2ion.
tfjDecU- That this Order might be fubmitted to, and executed,
m«Vrf# j«. He publifli'd a Declaration to make the Juftice, as well as the
-W ^* Neceflity of that proceeding appear; in which he did not 8nly
fet down the grounds of his prelent proceeding againd the
Royal Party, but the Rules by which he meant to proceed a-
gainll any other Party that (hould provoke, or give him trou-
ble. It was a Declaration worded and digelled with much
more afpcrity againit all who had ferv'd the King, than had
ever been before publiihed. Great Caution had been hitherto
ufed, as if nothing more had been defign'd than to unite the
whole Nation in the joynt defence of the Common Intereft,
and as if a refolution had been taken to have abolifhed all
Marks of difunion and diftindlion of Parties , and that all
Men, of what Condition foever (except thofe who had been
always excepced by Name) who would fubmit to the Govern-
ment, ihould be admitted to have fliares, and to ad parts in
the Adminiitration and Defence of it. But now notice was

taken

Of the ReheUiotiy &c. y7i

taken of ^ Such an inherent Malignity, and irreconcileablenefi
^^ in all chofe who from the beginning had adhered to the Kin^
*' and oppoied the proceeding^ of the Parliament, towards ail
^^ thofe who had ferv'd their Country, and vindicated the in*
^ tereit of the People and Nation, that they declined the com-
'^ mon Rules of Civility, and would have no Co«iver&ticn
^^ with tfaem ; and, that the fame Malice and Animo(ity migjbc
^'defcend to their Poiterity, they would not make Marriagies,
^^ or any Friendfliip or Alliance with tliofe who had been fe-
^' parated> or divided from them in thofe Publick di£ferenoes^
^^and therefore they were not hereafter to wonder, or com-
*' plain, if they were looked upon as a Common Enemy,
^^ which muft be kept from being able to do Mifchief ^ (incc
^ they would always be willing to do all they could ; and chat
'<chey were not to expedt to be profecuted, like other Men,
*^ by the ordinary forms of Juttice, and to have their Oimes
^^ to be prov'd by Witnefles, before they ihould be conckided
*^ to be Guilty. If any defperate Attempts were undertaken
<< by any of that Party to difturb the Publick Peace, that it
'^woulabe reafonable to conclude that they all wiflied well
<^ to it, though they appear'd not to own it : that all Con-
^^ fpiracies of that nature were aded in fecret, and were deeds
<*of darknefs, and Men mi^t juftly be fufpeded and pro-
^^ ceeded againlt as privy to them, by their common difcouries,
'* by the Company they ufually kept, and by their very looks ;
with many other ezpreOions, offuch anunufualnatureinthe
di(qui(itionof Juftice, and legal proceedings, that 4ie King^s
Party might reafonably conclude, they had nothing left that
they could call their own, but muft exped a total Extirpation,
cither by Maflacre, or Tranfplantatidn.

But then the Declaration took notice iikewife of *^The
*^ hddons in the Army, that would not acquicfce in the Go-
*^ vernment eltablKh'd ; but would have another found out,
** and form*d according to their Levelling humours j all which
^' diftradfcions, to what other ends foever diredted, mult b
** weaken the Common- wealth, if not wifely prevented, as it
'^ muft in the end be expofed as a Prey to their inveterate
'^^ Enemies^ and therefore, that the fame- remedies muft be
*^ apply'd to Them, as to the others j with intimation clear
enough, *' That the connivance they had formerly received,
** and even the Pardons that had been granted for their for--
*• mer Mutinies and Tranfgreflions, were of no more validity
" than the Articles, Promifps, and Adts of indemnity, which
**had been granted to the /Royal Party : all which were de-
^^ clared to be void and null, upon any fucceeding Dehn-
^'quency : fo that all difcontented People who liked not the
prefcnt Government, what part foever they had adled in the

pulling

nx TheHifi&ry Book XIV.

pulling down the old, whether Presbyterian, Independent, or
Leveller, were left to coniider of the confequence of thofe
Maxims there laid down ^ and might naturally conclude, that
they were in no better condition of fccurity for what they en-
joy d, and had purchafed dearly, than thofe who by their help
were brought to the lowett mifery ; though for the prefent,
none but the King's Party underwent that in(upportable bur-
den of Decimation^ which brought a vaft incredible Sum of
Money into CromwelTs Coders, the greater part whereof was
raifed (which was a kind of pleafure, though noteafc to the
reft ) upon thofe who never did, nor ever would have given
the King the leaft afliftance, and were only reputed to be of
his Party becaufc they had not adiited the Rebels with a vi«
fible chearfulncfs, or m any confiderable proportion; and had
propofed to themfelves to fit ftill as Neuters, and not to be
at any charge with reference to either Party; or fuch who had
Ihelter'd themfelves in fome of the King's Garrifons for their
own conveniency.
The Kits This Declaration was fent to Cologne ; where the King
eMHCed M eau(ed an Anfwer to be made to it upon the grounds that were
jf^2 J' laid down in it ; and as if it were made by one who had been
^ ' always of the Parliament (ide, and who was well pleafed to
fee the Cavaliers reduced to that extremity; but with fuch
reflexions upon the Tyranny that was exercifed over the
Kingdom, and upon the foulnefs of the breach of Truft the
Protedlor was guilty of, that it obliged all the Nation to look
upon him as a deceltable Enemy, who was to be remov'd by
any way that oftcr'd itfelf; many of which arguments were
made ufe of againit him in the next Parliament that he call'd ;
which was not long after.

The End of the Fourt-eenth Book.

THE

(T73)
THE

Hiftory of the Rebellion, &a

BOOK, XV.

£2ra III. 3.6.

jftidl rviU make thy Tor^ cleave to the rofff of th
Mouth , that thmfiidt he dimbf andpalt not be
to them a I^eprover i for they are a H^beliious
Houje.

Hofea X. 3.

For now th^JbaUfay, We have no S^ng, hecauje Wi
feared not the Lardi what tbenJbaS a Ki% dn
to'Vi?

Hab. 1. 10.

jind thev fbaU fctff at the ^tigft and the Primes
JbaUoe afcem tatto them.

^HE King retnaia'd at CtUgne above iw itfV
) two ycara, contending with the rigour ^^ •*
► of his Fortune with great Temper and '^j^^
\ Magnanimity^ whillt all the Princes of^^,.
' EMfope feem'd to contend amongft
t themfelves, who Ihould molt eminent*
I ly forget and neeled him j and whillt
' CromwtB exercifrd all imaginable Ty- •
\ ranny over thofe Nations, who had not
* been Tcnfiblc cnougb of the bld&ngs
they enjoyed under his Majefty's Father's peaceable, and
mild Government ; fo that, if the King's Nature could have
been delighted to behold the OCpreffions his Rebellious
Subjects endured in all the three Nations , he might have
had abundant comfort , and pleafure of this kind in all of t^ CnJU.
tiiem : firft, in feeing ScetlaMd, which firll threw o£Q> ^'"''ftlj^i^f'
toflly, it's own peace and pleniy, and infeited the other '^llj'j
VolIlLl^t. Pp wo '

^74* The Hiflory Book XV.

two Kingdoms with its Rebellion, now reduced, and go-
vem'd by a rod of Iron ^ vanquilh'd and fubdued by thole
whom they bad caught the Science of Rebellion , and with
whom they had joyn'd, by fpecious precehces, and vows, and
horrible perjuries, to deftroy their own Natural Prince, and
diflblve the Regal Government, to which they had been fub-
je& ever iinee thev were a Nation : in feeing the pride and
infoience of that People, which had ufed to pradtice fuch ill
manners towards their King, fupprefled, contemned, and ex-
pofed to flavery under the difeipUne, and caltigation of Men
who were very few of them bom Gentlemen, but bred up in
the Trades and ProfetHons of Common Men. Thefe Men
govem'd in their Houfes. and prefcribed new Laws to them
to live by, which they had never been accuftom'd to, yet
were compelled to obey, upon penalty of their Lives, and
£ftares ^ whilft their adored Idol, Presbytery, which had puU'd
off the Crown from the head of the King, was trod under foot,
mhd laughed at ; and their Preachers, who had threatened their
Princes with their rude thunder of Excommunication, diC-
puted with, fcofied at, and controlled by Artificers, and cor-
reAed by the (trokes and blows of a Corporal; and all this
Subjedion fupported at their own charge,'th€ir fierce Govern*
ours being paid bv them out of their own Eftaces.
^ftidaod. H B then beheld Ireland^ that begim its Rebellion with in-
humane Maflacres, and Butcheries of their peaceable and in-
nocent Neighbours, after the other of Scotland was fupprefled,
or fo compounded, that the blefling of Peace had again co-
vered the three Nations, if this fottiln People had not, with-
out any provocation, but of their own folly and barbarity,
with that bloody Prologue engaged again the three Kingdoms
in a raging and devourmg War ; fo that though Scotland blew
the firll Trumpet, it was Ireland that drew the firft blood;
and if they had not at that time rebell'd, and in that manner,
it is very probable ail the miferies which afterwards befell the
King, and his Dominions, had been prevented. Thefe un-
happy People, when they law that they could not make War^
but were beaten as often as encounter'd, would not yet make
Peace ; or if they did, they no fooner made it than broke it,
with all the circumftances of Treachery, and Perjury that can
make any foul Adtion the moit odious. And after they had,
for their laft prcfervation return'd to their obedience to the
King, and put themfelves again under his Protection, they
quickly repented of their Loyalty, ofter'd themfelves to the
Soveraigncy of a Forreign Prince ; and when they had feen
their natural King Murder'd by his other Rebels, for want of
that Ailiftance which they might have given him, chofe ra-
ther CO depend on the clemency of the Ufurper, driving from

them

k '

Of the Rehellioni &c- ^7f

them the Governour, and Government of the King : I fiyj
his Majefty faw now this miferable People groveling at the
feet of their proud Conquerors, reduced to the loweit delbla-
tion, and even to the point of Extirpation j the blood they
had wanconlyj and favagely fpilt in the beginning of the Re-
bellion, now plentifully revenged in dreams of their own
bloodyfrom one end of the Kingdom co the other ^ whilft thofh
Perfoos who firlt contrived the Rebellion, and could never bei
reached by the King, and they who caufcd every Peace to be
broken which had been made with his Majelty, with all the
poflible afi'ronts to his Ro^al digiiity and authority, after
they had endeavoured, by all the treacherous Offices againfli
the Royal Power, to reconcile themfelves to their new Ma-
tters, were every day taken, and infamoufly put to death by
Their Authority who ufurped the Government ; who fold^ as
hath been faid oefore, fo manv thoufimds of them to the fer-
vices of Forreign Princes, under whom they periih'd for itranc
of Bread, and without regard : fo that there is not an account
in Hiltory of any Nation, the Jews only excepted, that \(^atf
ever reduced to a more complete mifery than the Irijh were at
this time. And all this was the more extraordinary, in tbac
it was without the pity of any, all the world looking upon them
as deferving the fete they underwent.

Lastly, England^ that feem'd to glory in the Conqueft^^
of thofe two Kingdoms, and to Reign peaceably over them j^**^
yielded a profped^ too full of variety. Though the King's heart
was even broke with the daily informations he receiv'd of
the ruin and dellruAion his faithfiil and Loyal Party (mder«
went^ and the butchery frequently adedupon them, and the
extreme Tyranny the Ufurper exercifed over the whole Na-
tion, was grievous to him, yet he could not be equally afEIid-
ed to fee thofe who had been the firft Authors of the ^ubUck
Calamity, now fo much fbarers in it, that they were no more
Mailers of their Eltates, than They were whom they had
firft fpoiled ^ and that themfelves were brought and expofed
upon thofe Scaffolds, which they had caufed to be eredted for
others; that little or no part of the new Government tvas id
their bands which had pull'd down the old; and that after
Monarchy had been made fo odious to the People, the Whole
Wealth of the Nation was become at the difpofal of a fingle
Perfon; and that thofe Lords, without whole monftrous af-
(iflance the Scepter could never have been wrefled out of the
hands of the King, were now numbered and marfhall'd with
the dregs of the People : in a word, that Cromwell was not fo
jealous of any, as of^thofe who had raifed him; and contriv'd^-
and propofed nothing more to himfelf, than to fupprefs thofe,
a to drive them out of the Kingdom^ who had been the priir-

P p 2^ . cipalt

776 The Hiftory Book XV.

cipal means to fupprefs the Royal Authocity, and to drive tte
Royal Family, and all cbac adher'd to it, into baniihment.

This prolpe£t the King had of the three Kingdoms during
his rcQdence at Cplognei but with thofe mamfeOations ct
God's Vengeance upon thofe ingratefiil Nations, of which he
had a molt tender and compaffionate feeling, he was not with-
out fome glimmering light to difcem an approach of that re-
compence, which the divine Juftice ufually aUigns to thofe who
patiently attend his vindication.

Cromwell, whofe great heart was follicitous to extend
the terror of his Name into Forreign Countries, by which me-
thod he thought to render the rough and ihibbom humours
of the People at home more obfequious to him, had in the be-
Cromwell ginning of the year 165;;, afcer his diflblution of his refira^ry
the begin- Parliament, fent two very great Fleets to Sea ; the one under
mi^jofi6fs Pen^ confilting of about thirty Ships of War, with whidh
^'w/fLfx there was like wife Embarked a Land Army, confiiHng of four
T/sea',the OT fivc thoufaud Foot, and two Troops of Horfe, imder the
•M under Command of Genertd Fenailesy a Gentleman of a good Fa-
Pen, with a j^i\y jq chifljire J who had ferved long in the Army in the
^-^Z "^^ condition of a Colonel, and was then call'dout dHuUmi to
mbles : command m this Expedition.

Both thefe Superior Officers were well affiled to the
King's Service, and were not fond of the Enterprife they were
to Condud, the nature of which they yet knew nothing of.
They did, by feveral ways, without any communicatioti with
each other (which they had not confidence to engage in)
fend to the King, that if he were ready with any Force from
abroad, or fecure of poflefling any Port within, they wouMy
that is, either of them would, engage, with the power that
was under their Charge, to declare for his Majeiqr. IT this
had been upon a joynt and mutual confidence in each other.
and that both Fleet, and Land Forces, though the Body of
Horfe was fmall, would at the fame time have fet up the Kin8>
Standard, it might have been the foundation of fome hop^
expectation. But neither of them daring to truft the ^dber,
the King could not prefume upon aAy Port ^ without wiudi
neither had promifed to engage ^ nor could he make out of
the diltindi: Overtures (however he might hope to unite
them ) fuch a probable Attempt, afcer the mifcarriage of fi)
many, as to Embark his Friends in. So he wilhed them to
referve their AfleSions for his Majcfty, till a more proper fca-
ion to difcover them ; and to profecute the Voyage co which
they were defign'd; from which he was not without hopedF
fome benefit to himfelf; for it was evident cy9»i«u;e£f meant to
make fome Enemy, which probably might give bis Majdly
fome Friend.

The

of the Rehellion^ &c. $^77

The other Fleet was not inferior in Naval ftrcngth, and ne tth^
power, but was without a Land Army; and that was com- ^ '"^'""■^•^
mitted to the Command of Blake-^ in whom CromweU had all ^^^^^'
confidence. Neither Fleet knew what the other, or what it
ielf was to do, till each of them came to fuch a Point ; * where
they wer$ to open their Commidions ; and CrormjuiU had com-
municatod his purpofe for either to fo very few, that, for
many Months after they were both at Sea, no Body knew to
what they were defign'd. Though the intercourfe between
CntmweU and the Cardinal was maintain d with many Civili-
ties, and feme con&dence, yet there was nothing of a Treaty
fign'd i he refolving, as he profeded, ^ To give his Friendfliip
« to chat Crown that (liould beft deferve it j and, without
doubt, both Crowns were amufed with his preparations, and
ftdlidtous to know where the ftorm would fall.

S^ AIK, that had hitherto kept Don Alonzo de Cardhas in
EMgkmi^ after he had fo many years reiided there as Kmbafla-
ikw to'the late King, believing they were lefs faulty in that,
than if they Ihould fend another originally to Crimmel/y now
thought it necedary to omit no occafion to endear themfelves
to him: ami therefore they fent the Marquis of Leyda with a The UarqMu.

Slendid Train, as extraordinary limbafladour, to congratulate •/ Lcydi
1 his Succefles, and ro oficr him the entire Frienddiip of the ^^ ^^^^f-
Gatholick King. The Marquis, who was a wife and a jea-^ 7n%/
lous Man, found by his reception, and CromweFs refcrvation cmmweil,
in all his Audiences, and the approaches he could make, that vtho after s
there was no room left for his Mafter ; and fo after a Month *^^"''' **'"
foent there, he return'd to look to his Government in F/an- pTanders.
irrv with an expedtation that aflbon as any News came of
the Fleets, thev ihould hear of feme ASts of Hoitility upon
the Subjeds of Spain ^ and did all he could to awaken all the
Minifters, of that King to the fame apprehenfion and expc-

The two Fleets fet out from the Coaft of England j that ne FUet
under B/ffi^^, fome Months before the other j and made ir^^wtAer'BhkB
courfe direaiy to the Mediterranean ; being bound in tlie ^r^t^^^^^^^l^^
(dace to fupprefs the Infolence of thofe of Algiers^ and Tunis^ nc^n.
who had intefted the Englijh Merchants , and were grown
powerful in thofe Seas, w hen he ihould have perform'd that
Service, he was to open another Commidioii, which would
inform him what courfe he was to fleer : the other Fleet un-
der Pe« was bound diredly to the Barhadoes-^ where they t/;.:^ under
were to open their Commidions, and to deliver Letters to rcn, /• the
that Govemour. There they found, that they were ro take Barbadoc*.
in new Men for the Land Army, and then to profecutc their
courfe direaiy to theldand oi Hi^aniola. The Govcrnour
had Orders to fupply new Men for the Expedition ^ and there

P p 3 >Nt\^

>78 The Hiftory Book XV.

were Ships ready for their Tranfportation , there being a
marvellous alacritv in the Planters of thofe Leeward lUands,
which were overftock'd with Inhabitants, to feek their For-
tune farther from home. So that, after a fliorter ftay at the
pariaJeeSy than they had reafon to expeQ. having now foupd
there two Frigats (which CrctftwfU nad lent before to pre-
pare all thiogs ready, and to put feveral Shallops together,
^hich were brought ready iq quarters) and making prixe of
about forty Dutch Ships, belonging to their new Allies of
HMandy for Trailing thither (contrary to the A£t of Naviga-
XXon) about the end of March they fet Sail, with an addition
of four or five thouGuid Foot for the Land Army, towards
^ ot dfriftophers 'y where, after a fliort ftay, they receiv'd about
^een hundred Men more : fo that Venahles had now under
his Command a Body of above nine thoufand Men, with ono
Troop of Horfe more, which the Planters of the Barbadoes
joyn'd to him ^ and having a profperous Wind, they came,
Tbqiui$u about thf middle oi jiprUy within view of Santo Domingo^

viola,
thnrqr- Their Ordcrs from Cromwell were very particular, and
tiri. ver^ pofitive, that they (hould land at fuch a place, which was
plainly enough defcribed to them. But whether they did not
clearly underftand it, or thought it not fo convenient, when
they were near enough to make a judgment of it , they
called a Council of Warj and it was there refolv'd that Ge-;
neral Venahles Ihould land in another place (which they con-
ceiv'd to be much nearer the Town than in truth it was) and
from thence march direfljy to it, there being another Bri-
gade of Foot to be landed, at a lefs diftance from the Town,
m a Bav, that f hould joyn with them j and joyn they did.
But by the march which Venabhs had made, in which he fpenc
two days and a half in the Woods and uneafy FaGTages, anc|
in the terrible heat of that Country's Sun, where they found
no Water to drink, they were fo difpirited before they joyn'd
with their Companions, that it was an ill prefage of the mifr
adventure that foUow'd. The lofs of that time in their Ad-
vance had another very ill egedt. For the Inhabitants of the
Town, that, at the firft appearance of fuch a Fleet, the like
whereof in any degree they had never feen before, had been
feifed upon by fuch a Confternation, that they defpair'd of
paking any refiftance j when they faw their Enemies proceed
fo flowly, and engaged in fuch a March as muit tire and in-
^nitely annoy theip, they recovered their Spirits, and pre-
pared for their De^nce. So that when VmableSy upon the
conjun&ion with his other Forces, and after having found
fome frefh Wajer to refrefli his Men, advanced towards the

Jown,

Of the Rehellion^ Sec. si9

Town, his Forlome Hope found themfelvcs charged by a
Party of Horfe aroi'd with long Lances , and other Arms^
which they had not been accunom'd to ^ fo, tired and dif-
mayed with their inarch and heat, they bore the Charge very vmabtes
ili, and wereeafily Routed, and Routed thofe which were ***»«*• .^*
behind them; and were, in that diforder, purfued till they^^P****^
came to their main Body ; upon (ight whereof the Spaniard
retired without any lofs, having left the Captain of the For-
lorneHope, and above fifty of his Company, dead upon, the
place. The Englijb retired back in great difcomfort to the
Bay, and the freih Water Rivqr they had found there; where
they ftay'd fo long, that the General thought his Men noc
only enough refreih'd , but enough confirm^ in their refolu-
cions to redeem the ihame of their lafl: diforder, having got
Guides, who undertook to condudt them a nearer way to the
City, and that they Qiould not go near a Fort , which the
Spaniards had in a Wood, from whence they had been in-
felled. The Common opinion that the Negroesy Natives of
thofe parts, are fuch Enemies to the Spaniards^ that they are
willing to betray them, and do any mifchief to them, might
pebbly incline the Eng/i/h to give credit to thofe Guides.
But they did condud them direaly to the Fort ; near which
an Ambufcade in the Woods difcharged a Volly again .upon
the Forlome Hope, and fell then in upon them with fuch furv,
that diforder'd the whole Army ; which, though it recoverxl
the Courage once more to make an Attempt upon that Fort,
was again feifed upon by a panick fear , which made them
direcaiy fly back to the Bay, with the lofs of above fix hundred
Men, whereof their Major General was one.

This Fright they never recover'd j but, within few days
after, having undergone many diltrcfles by the intolerable
heat of the Climate, and the W^r^w killing their Men every
day, as they went into the Woods to find meat, they were,
within five or fix days after the beginning of May^ compelled «? f^n^
to reimbark themfelves on board the Fleet, with a thoufand ^*^» ^
Men lefs than had been landed, who had by feveral ways loft ^^"^*
their Lives there ; for which they revenged themfelves upon jamiici;
a Neigbour Ifland , called Jamaica ; where they made an- tohere ht
other defcent, took their City, and drove all the Inhabitants fr^''^^^-
into the Woods. And here they left a good Body of Foot
confifting of three or four thoufand Men, under rhe Com-
mand of a Colonel, to fortify and plant in this Ifland, a place
fi'uitful in it felf , and abounding in many good provinons,
and a perpetual (harp thorn in the fides of the Spaniard -, who
received exceeding damage ft-om thence j they who were fo
eafily frighted, and beaten, when they were in a great Body
upon the other Uiand, making afterwards firequent Incurfions,

f p 4. with

58o TheHiftory Book XIV.

with fmall Numbers, into it from Jamaica'^ Sacking their
Tht fleet Towns, and returning with very rich Booty. When Venahles
returns inte jj^ p^ ^j^g jfland inco as good order as he could, he returned
^«^"*^ with*^Pf» into E«^/W.

The Fleet T H E Other Fiect undcr the Command of B/ake had better
itf»i#i' Blake Succefs, Without any mifadventures. After he had reduced
hdd better j^Qf^ of Algiers^ where he Anchored in their very Mole, to
^forlelid' Submit to fuch Conditions for the time pa[t, and the time to
^ilUto A come, as he thought reafonable, he Sailed to Tunis j which he
Peace; en- found better fortify'd and more refolvM j for that King return'd
r«r/ffceH«r-a very rude Anfwer, contemning his ftrength, and undervalu-
Jj"'' j^ J"' ing his Menaces, and refiifing to'return either Ship orPrifoner
kJns* their that had been taken. Whereupon Blake put his Fleet in or-
^#ar. der , and thundered with his great Guns upon the Town ^
whilft he fent out feveral long Boats Mann d with (tout Ma-
riners, who, at the fame time, enter'd wich very notable refo-
lution into their Harbours, and fet fire to all the Ships there,
being nine Men of War ; which were burnt to afhes j and this
with the lofs only of five and twenty of the Englijhj and about
eight and forty hurt, all the Boars, with the relt of the Men,
returning fafe to the Ships. This was indeed an Adtion of
the higheft Condud and Courage, and made the name of the
Bngl^ very terrible and formidable in rhofe Seas.

The Succefs of both Fleets came to Cr0fftweirs notice about

the fame time, but did not afiedt him alike. He was never

fo difcompofed ( for he had ufually a great command over his

Cromwell Paflions ) as uponthe mifcarriage at f//^tf»/>//9. And adbon

^mmits?en as they came on fliore, he committed both Pen and Venahies

and Vena- jq jj^^ Tower, and could never be perfwaded ro trult either

TovH. ' ' of xhtm again ; and could not, in a long time, fpcak tempe-

rately of that Afl&ir. However, he loll no time in cherifh-

ing his infant Plantation in jFtfw^/ViJ ; which many thought to

be at-too great a diftance, and widi'd the Men might be re-

Senis re- Called ; but he would not hear of it ^ and fent prefeatly a good

emits /« ja- Squadron of Ships, and a Recruit of fifteen hundred Men to

fi)aic4. carry on that work ^ and refolv'd nothing more, than to make

a continual War from that place upon the Spaniard,
Lockbart An D now the rupture with S^^ain could be no longer con-
jenthjhim cealcd. Therefore he fcnt Ordcrs to B/rfit^, " That he fliould
Embaffa- « watch the return of the Plate- Fleet, and do what mifchief

TrzncTyp'ho " ^^ ^^"^^ "P^" ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^f^^^ ' ^°^ 8^"^^ directions to
Unijhe/Zi ^ bis Ships in tne Dcrjins to infeft thofe of F lander Sy which they
^^Uiance had not yet done : what had been hitherto treated privately
therey begun betwccn Him and the Cardinal, was now expofed to the light.
^zcmVof ^^ "O^ f^°^ Lockhatt his Embafladourinto France ; who was
Frances* receiv'd with great folemnityj and was a Man of great ad-
)!:ngiand. diefs in Treaty, and had a marvellous aedic and power with

the

Of the Rehellion, &c. y8i

the Cardinal. He fiqiOi'd there the Alliance with Frsmcf.
Cromwell undertook <'To fend over an Army of fix thoufand
^<Fooc^ to be commanded by their own Superior OflBcer,
<^ who was to receive Orders only from MarQial Turetau :
and when Dukkirky and Mirdikeiiiould be taken, they were
to be put into CromwelTs hands. There were other more fe-
cret Articles, which will be mentioned.

Flankers had notice of this their new Enemy from
E/fgisndy before they heard any thing from Spa'wj that might
better enable them to contend with him ; and Don Alonzore^
main'd ftill in Londom without notice of what was done, till
the A£^r oi Jamaica was upon the Exchange, and Fraterni*
ties entered into there for the better carrying on that Planta^
tion. Nor was he willing to believe it tten, till CromweU
lent to him to leave the iGngdom ; which he did very un- Don aIoo-
willingly, when there was no remedy; and was tranfported«>/J»«A*jr
into Flanders to encreafe the jealoufies and difcontents, ^Wch^J][*J^^^
were already too gjeat and uneafy there. The Prince of Condiy Bng£^
whofe Troops, and vigour, were the prefervation and life of
that Counciy, was very ill iatisfied with the formality and
flegm of the Arch-Duke, and with the unadlivity and wari-
n& oi the Conde oi FuenfaUagna 'y who he thought omitted
many Opportunities.

The Arch-Duke was weary of the Title of Govemour of
the Low Countries and General of the Army, when the Power
was in truth in Fuenfaldapta^ zxidnoiYimg to be done with-
out His approbation ; and haying by frequent complaints to
Madrid^ endeavoured in vain to vindicate his Authority, had
implored his difmiilton, and Fuenfaldagna himfelf was as ill
iatisfied as the other two; and knowing well the defeAs of the
Court, as well as the poverty of Madrid^ thought dbe defence
o( Flanders confifted molt in prefer ving the Army, by beine
on the defentive part ; and therefore, to gratify the coldneft
of his own conltitution, he did by no means approve the fre-
quent Enterprifes and reilleCs Spirit of the Prince of Condi ;
which fpent their Men : and he thought the great charge in
fupporting the date and dignity of the Arch-Duke, was not
lecompemed by any J>en€£t from his Service, befides the ir-
reconcilablenefs with the Arch-Duke, by his having com-
pelled him , by the Authority of the Kin]; , to difmifs the
CoMni of Swaffenhurgh 'j whom helov^d ofall the world ^ fp
that he was likewife weary of his Poft, and defrred his deli*
verance to be fent him from Madrid,

The Council there thought itneceflary to gratify them
bdth , and to remove both the Arch-Duke and the Comdi ;
honourably to diimifs the former to return to hit own refi-
flence in Girmanf^ and co bring Dm Jtism d^^Jhiay the

naiural

S9% TheHiftory Book XV.

Dm Jam natural Son of the King of Sfam^ wha had pafled through

isf Anftria manv employments with reputation, and was at that cimeGe-

"•*^ ^•r ncral iri It^h^ ^o undertake the Government of Fkmderf^

^U^^*/. with fuch reftridions as the King of SpM thought fit ^ and ac

md Cm- the fiime time, that the c^mde <x FuenfalJagna would imme*

cent ^ diately enter upon the Government of Milan ; which had

fini^if (jggn exercifed for the iaft fix years by the Marquis of Carta'

^^\ji^y cema^ who was now to govern the Army in FAtav^/ under

wUtrkim. D^ 7^4* i and that the Marquis, who had the moft difad*

vanti^c of this promotion, might be better pleafed, they gave

him (uch an addition of Authority, as could not but breed ill

blood in D^mjuam ^ as it fel^ out afterwards. This Counfel

was taken , and to be executed in this conjundure , when

FroBCf and CramweB were ready to enter Flamters with two

powerful Armies, whilft it was, upon the matter, under no

Command.

Th e King was yet at Cokg/u; and no (boner heard of the

War that Cromwell had begun upon Sfai»j»hat he concluded

that the $fa$ttard would not be unwilling to enter, into fome

correfpondence with him ^ at lea^ that their fears were over

n* Kinx of ofiending cramwelL He therefore fent privatelv to the

kUfintf Arch-Duke , and to FuenfaUapM , to ofler them nis Con-<

^ukft^f" i^^^'^^' ^^ Akmzo was likewife there ; and the lona Ex-

fJrhit cM^ perience he had in England , and the Qiality he ftill held,

ymSUm k*- outde his judgment in thofe Afiairs moft efteem'd by them.

/•Tf Hm He, whether upon the Confcience of his former behaviour,

T^fpSa^ by which he bad difobliged both the late and the prefent King,

,2ri. ' or whether, by having liv'd long in a place where the Kine^s

intereft was contemn'd, he did in trutn believe that his Ma-

jeftv could bring little advantage to them, had no mind to

maKe a conjundtion with him : yet they faw one benefit which

they might receive, if his Majefty would draw off the Irijb

from the Service of France y which they had reafonto believe

would be in his power, becaufe he had formerly drawn oft*

fome Regiments from Spain y whilit heremain'd in France.

So that they were all of opinion, that they would confer with

The Ki»s any Body the King fliould Authorize to Treat with them ;

rsme int0 which when the King knew, he refolv'd to go to them Him-

HiTt^/ felf i and left Colegney attended only by two or three Servants ;

with the* and when he came near Brujfelsy fent to advertife the Arch-

^rch',Duke Duke at what diftance he was j and ^^ That he would fee him

medr Bruf- ^incegmto iu what place, or manner, he (hould think fit.

fels. Thky either were, orfeem'd to be much troubled that

the King was come in Perfon ; and defired, that he would

by no means come to Bruffels ^ but that he would remain in a

little vile Dorp about a League from Btuffels'y where he was

very meanly accommodated. Thither ^e ONK<r of FuenfaU

daina

Of the Rehelliotiy &c. jSj

dsgna and Born Alonzo came to his Majefly ; and the Arch*
Duke met him privately at another place. The King quickly
difcover'd that Don Alonzo had a private Intrigue with feme
Officers of the Engit/h Army, who were Enemies to Cromwell^
upon whofe Interelt he more depended than the King's, and
oSer'd it as great merit to his Majelty, if he could be able to
perfwade them to make up a conjiindlion with the King.
This correfpondence between Den Alonz^o and thofe Level-
lers, was managed by an Irijh jtimt, who, by fpeaking Spa--
nijhj had got himfelt to be mutually trudcd by them. The
Kini prefled them *^ Thar he might remove his Family to Brup-
^^fijsy or to fome place in Flanders^ that it might be noto->
^rious that he was in Alliance with his Catholick Majefty;
^and then they (hould quickly fee he had another kind of 1q«
^ tereft in En^andy than what thofe Men pretended to, upon
^* whom they ought not to depend j and they would auickly
<< find, if his Nbjefty refided in that Country, his influence
f' upon the Irijh who were in France.

Th £T would by no means confent that his Majefly (hould
i^maio in Bruffiisj as little at Antwerp , or indeed in any
place as taken notice of by the State to be there ^ ^ Which,
ihey faid, <^ The King of Spain's honour would not permit^
** without (hewing thofe refpedls to him that he might live io
^ that Grandeur as became a Great King ; which the prefent
"(tate of their affairs would not permit them to defray 'the
** charge of. But they intimated, " That if his Majdly would
** choofe to remove his Family to Bruges, and remain there
^ with them, fo far incognito as not to exped any publick
** expenfive Reception, they were fure he would find all re-
^^fpedl from the Inhabitants of that Qty. The King defired
that fome Treaty might be (ign'd between them ; which was
<:ommitted to the wifdom of Don A/onzo j who prepared it
in as perfunAory a manner as was podible^ by which the
King was permitted to refide in Br^ges^ and nothing on the
King of Spain's part undertaken but " That whenever the King
" could caufe a good Port Town in England to declare for
<' him, his Catholick Majcfty would aflift him with a Body
*^ of (ix thoufand Foot, and with fuch a proportion of Am-
*^ munition, and fo many Ships to tranfport that Body thither;
which was the Propofition the Levellers had made ; and Don
AhnzOy by making it the contrad with the King, thought
this way to beget an Intelligence between them and the Royal
Party; of the power of which he had no efteem.

Th e King difcern'd that what they offered would be of no
moment, nor could he make fuch confident Proportions of ad-
vantage to ^jp4f/», as mig^t warrant him to infift upon larpe
concdfioas. Beiides, it was evident to him, that ue afl&irt

ia

58+ The Hiftory Book XV.

in tbofe Provinces which remained under SpMn^ were in fo
evil a pofture, that, if they ihould promife any great matters,
they would noc be able to perform them. However, all that
he defired, was to have the reputation of a Treaty between
Him and the King of Spam^ under which he might draw his
Family from Cologne^ and remain in Flanders^ which was at
a juft diitance from England^ to expedt other Alterations. So
his Majeif y readily accepted the Treaty as it was drawn by
Don Alonzo'y and fign'd it^ and declared that he would re-
iide in the manner they propofed at Bruges^ Whereupon, af-
ter (even or eight days itay in that inconvenient manner, the
The Tredfy Treaty was engro(!ed and (igned by the Kins, the Arch-
fyn'd April Duke, and Don Alonzo^ in April^ or the end o\ March 16575
n^l^'sxain-^^ difpatch of the Treaty being battened by the neceffity of
snrthT ^'^ departure of the Arch-Duke, and the Condt oiVwiifaU
Ki"£' ^g*^^ who begun their Journey within two or three days a&
ter the iigning of it ; Don Juan^ and the Marquis of Carra-
ana being known to be on their way j and both, thou^ not
together, within few days Journey of Flanders^

The Treaty, as it was (ign'd, was fent by an Expreft into

T^.Kfftg Spawy for the approbation and (ignature of his Catholick Ma-

J^JT'^^iefly. The King with his fmall Train went to BrngeSj and

Coli^oe]^ Lodged in the Houfe of a Subjeft of his own the I^rd To-

snd c»mu rahj an Ir^*man ^ who had been born in diat Country, and

/• refide 4t inherited an Eftate by his Mother. There the King ftisiycd,

Brogcfc ^y ^ haojjfonie Accommodation was provided for him in that

Qty, having fent to his Brother the Duke of Ghcefier^ who

remained yet at Cologne^ to come to him, and that his Family

{hould all come from thence. So that by the time his Majcs

fty had return'd again to Brujfels^ to congratulate Don J»am's

arrival, and fpent three or four days there, he found himfelf

as well fettled at Bruges ^lS he had been 2.1 Cologne^ where,

when his Family left it, there was not the leaft debt remained '

unfatisHed ; which, in the low condition his Majefly had been

in, and ttill was, gave reputation to his Oeconomy.

A s upon the Diffblution of the unruly Parliament, CVwf-
TPell had fent out his two great Fleets, to propagate his Fame
abroad, prefliming that by the Conqueft which the one would
make in the Weit Indies^ he fhould have Money enough to
keep his Army in obedience to him, and by the other's de-
itroying or fupreffing the Turks of Algiersy and Tunis j whidi
were indeed grown formidable to all Merchants, he (hoold
raife his reputation in chriftendomy and become very popular
with all the Merchants in England ^ fo he did not, in the
mean time, ncgleft to take all the ways he could devife, to
provide for his own fecurity at home. Though he had brought
the King's Party fo low, that be had no apprehenfion of their

power

Of the Rehellion, Sec. s^S

power to raire an Army agiinft him ; yet he difcern'd, that
by breaking their Fortunes and EQates, he had not at all
broken their Spirits , and that by taking fo manv of their Lives,
their numbers were not much leflen'd ^ and that they would
be itiU ready to throw themfeives into any Party that Ihould
declare againit him ^ to which^ he knew, there were enough
inclined.

B UT that which troubled him moft, was the diftemper in 9?° ^ ^^
bis Army: where he knew there were many Troops more^jjjj^^,
at the difpofal of that Party that would deftroy him, than at vift$ntinkig
his own. It was once in his purpofe to have drawn over a •wB^^rmgi
R^ment <rf Swifs^ upon pretence of fending them into Ire^
Lnuif but in truth with intention to keep them as a Guard to
his pwn Perfon ^ and to that purpofe he had fent a Perfon to
treat with Colonel Balthazar^ a Man, well known to the Pro-
teftant Camtons'y but this came to be difcover'd : fo he had
not confidence to proceed in it. He rcfolv'd therefore upon
an Expedient, which (hould provide for all inconveniences,
as well amongft the People, as in the Army. He conftituted, f^-^^J^
out of the Perfons who he thought were moft devoted to him- q^^^
felf, a Body of Major Generals; that is, he aflign'd to fuch a
fingle Pcrion fo many Counties, to be under his Command as
their Major General : fo that ail England was put under the
abfolute power of twelve Men, neither of them having am^
power in the Jurifdidtion of another, but every Man, in thole
Counties which were committed to his Charge, had all that
authority which was before divided among Committee-Men^
Juftices of Peace, and fevcral other Officers.

The Major General committed to Prifon what Pej-fonshe
thought fit to fu(ped; took care to Levy all Monies which
were appointed by the Protedtor and his Council to be col-
leded for the Publick ; fequcfter'd all who did not pay their
decimation, or fiich other payments as they were made liable
to ; and there was no Appeal from any of their A(3:s but to the
Prote^or himfelf. They had likewife a Martial Power, which
was to lift a Body of Horfe and Foot, who were to have fuch
a Salary conftantly paid, and not to be called upon to ferve
but upon emergent occafion, and then to attend fo many
days at their own Charge ; and if they ftay'd longer, diey
were to be under the fame pay with the Army, but indepen-
dent upon the Officers thereof, and only to obey their Major
General. A Horfe-man had eight pounds a year; for which
he was to be ready with his Horfe if he were call'd upon; if
he were nor, he might intend his own Afiairs. By this means
he had a fecond Army in view, powerful enough to controie
the firft, if they at any time deferv'd to be fu^pefled. But hq
difccrn'd, by degrees, that thefe new Magiltrates grew too

much

fi6 TheHiliory Book XV.

much in love with their own power ^ and befides that they car^
ried themfeives like fo many Bsffld^ with their Bands of Jm^
miKarieSy towards the People, and were extremely odious to
all Parties, they did really aflfedt fuch an Authority as mighc
undermine his own greatneis^ yet for the prefent, ne thou^c
not fit to controle them, and feem'dlefs to apprehend them.

When Admiral Blake had fubdued the Turks of IVsi/, and

Algkrsy and betaken himfelf to the Coafl of Sfawy and by

the attempt oHh^auioU and the PofTeffion of Jamaicaj the

War was fufficiently declar'd againfl the Catnolick King,

UMtntigiie Mountague^ a young Gentleman of a eood Family, who had

fim fjtm been drawn into the Party of CramwelZ and fervid under him

^*^~' as a Colonel in his Army with much Courage, was fent with

OHmijfiin ^° addition of Ships to joyn with Blake^ and joyn'd in Com-

fmitkktm. miffion of Admiral and General with him^ BUke having

found himfelf much indifpofed in his Health, and having de-^

fired diat another might be fent to affift him, and to take care

of the Fleet, if worfe (hould befall him. Upon his Arrival

with the Fleet, they lay long before caUs in expedlation of

the Spamjh Weft India Fleet^ and to keep in all Ships from

Sing out to give notice of^ their being there. After fome
onths Attendance, they were at laft compell'd to removcf
their Station, that they .might get freih Water, and fome other
Provifions which they wanted; and fo drew off to aconve-
^>*i Englifli nient Bay in Fortugal^ and left a Squadron of Ships to watch
f?'htsu»»n ^^Spanijb Fleet ; which, within a very fliort time after the
fi^spaniih remove of the £»^/^ Fleet, came upon the Coaft; and be-
meft India fore they were difcover'd by the Commander of the Squadron,
Fittt i tdkss ^ho was to the Leeward, made their wajr fo fait, that when

^(Mrd ^® 8°^ ^P ^^^^ ^^^^ ( though he was inferior to them irg

sMdJitber number) they rather thought of faving their Wealth by flight,

Sbiftirf than of defending themfeives ; and fo the Sfant/h Admiral run

outs, on (hore in the Bay^ and the Vice- Admiral, in which was the

Vice-King of Mexico with his Wife, and Sons, and Daughters,

fir'd: in which the poor Gentleman himfelf, his Wife, and

his Eldeit Daughter, perilh'd : His other Daughters, and his

two Sons, and near one hundred others, were faved by the

EngliJ/jy who took the Rere- Admiral, and another Ship, very

richly laden j which, together with the Prifoners, were fent

into England^ the reft eicaped into Gibraltar.

The BhUim The Ships which were fent for England^ arriv'd at PortJ^

takeHatn^ mduth'y and though they might with lefs charge have conti-

vrfj<j^/roi» jjygj fj^gjr Voyage by Sea to London^ Cromiueliy thought it

mouth t0 would make more noife, if all the Bullion, which Was of great

Loodoti. value, was landed at Port/mouth ; from whence it was brought

by Land in many Carts to Lovdon^ and carried through the

City to the Tower to be there Coin'd^ as ic was, within a$

Ihort

Of the RehellioH^ &c. j87

fliort a time as it could be difpatch'd ; and chough it was in it
felf very confideraUe, they gave out and reported it to be of
much greater value than it was. But the lofs to the Sfamisrd
was prodigious; though molt of what was in the Admiral wai
fiived, and that only : And they &w the Englifh Fleet ftiU re^
maining before them, which was not like to mifs the other
Fleet they ftiortly after expeded, in fpight of all Advertife-
ments which they were like to be able to fend to it.

Cromwell now thought his reputation, both abroad
and at home, fo good, that he mi^hc venture again upon calU
ing of a Parliament; and, by their countenance and concur-
rence, fupprefs, or compofe thofe refraAory Spirits, which
eroded him in all places ; and having firlt made fuch Sherifi
in all Counties aa he thought would be like' to contribute to
his defigns, by hindering fuch Men to ffamd againft whom he
had a prejudice, at leaft, by not returning them if they ihould
be chofen, and by procuring fuch Perfbns to be returned as
would be molt agreeable to him, of whic)i there were choice
in all Counties; and having prepared all things to this pur- Cromwell
pofe, as well as he could, he lent out his Writs to call a ^'^-^^J/JJJJJJ!
mment to meet at Wefimmfitty upon the feventeenth of Sep*u„i^^$^^
temiiTy in the year i6$6> when, upon the Returns, he found 17. i6j6. *
that though in fome places he had fucceeded according to his
wifh, it was in others quite the contrary, and that very many
Members were retum'ci, who were Men of the moft notori-
ous Malignity againft him, he therefore refbrted to his old [e-^iffofif s
curity, to keep all manner of Perfons from entering into the"^**^ij'*^
Houfe, who did not firft fubfcribe, «That they would aftj^^/
^^Qothing prejudicial to the Government as it was eftabliQi'd ^ff/«r» zib^
"under a Protedlor; which being tendered, many Members/if*,
utterly refufed, and returned into their Countries, where they
were not, for the moft part, the worfe welcome for infifting
upon their Privileges, and Freedom of Parliament.

The major part frankly fubmitted and fubfcribed; fome of
them, that they might have the better opportunity to do mif-
chief. So a'Speaker was chofen; and at firft they proceeded
fo unanimoufly, that the Prote&or begun to hope that he had
gained his point. WitKvery little, or no contradid:ion, they TUPncttd^
paCTed an Adt of Renunciation of any Title that Charles Stu^ ^* •f ^'
art (for fo they had long called the King) or any of that Fa- ^^^"'^^
mily might pretend ; and this all Men were bound to fub-
fcribe. With as little oppofition, they paflTed another, where-
by it was made High Treafon to attempt any thing againft
the life of the Proteftor. Then they palled feveral A& for
laifing Money by way of contribution in England^ ScotUnuiy
and IrtUndj in a greater proportion than had ever yet been
jailed. They granted Tonnage and Poundage to the Pro-

teflor

y88 The Hiftory Book XV.

teflor for his Life; and pafled feveral other AOsfor theraifiog'
of Monies ; amonglt chem, one for obliging all Perfons to
pay a fiill years Rene for all Buildings which had been eredted
in, and abouc lAndom^ from before the beginning of the
Troubles ; by all which ways, valt Sums of Money were to
be, and afterwards were, raifed. All chefe Adls they pre*
fenced folemnly to his Highnefe, to be con&rm'd by his Royal
Authority; and He as gracioufly confirmed them all; and Cold
them, ^ That as it had been the cuitom of the Chief Govern-
^< ours to acknowledge the care and kindnefs of the Coni-
^ mons upon fuch Occafions , fo he did very heartily and
^ thankfiilly acknowledge Theirs.

But after all this, w was &r from being Gitisfied with die
method of their proceeding; for there was nothing done to
confirm his Perfonal Authority: and notwithstanding all this
was done, they might, for ought appeared, remove him from
being both Prote&or, and General. There bad been for fome
!!ti?* M- ^"^^ jealoufies between Him and Lamhert^ who had been the
mfy'Hf ' principal advifer of the railing thofe Major Generals-; and
amberc being one of them himfelf, and having the Government of
the five Northern Counties committed to him, he defrred to
improve their Authority, and to have it fetded by Authority
of Parliament. But Cr^mweUy on the other hand, was well con-
tented that they (hould be look'd upon as a publick grievance
and fo taken away, rather upon the defire ot Parliament, tlnn
that it ihould appear to be out of his own inclination. But,
hitherto, neither that defign in Lamherty nor the odier in
' Citomtoellj nor any difference between them, had broken out.

The Protedror himfelf feem'd to defire nothing more
dian to have the Authority they had formerly given him, at
leaft, that he had exercifed from the time he was ProtedoTf
confirm'd, and ratified by ASt of Parliament. And if it had
been fo, it had been much greater than any King ever enjo/d.
But he had ufed to (peak much, <^ That it was pity the Nobi-
•^lity fhould be totally fupprefled; and that the Government
^ would be better, if it pafled another confutation befides
^ that of the Houfe of Commons. In matter of Religion, he *
would often fpeak, <<That there was much of good in the Or^
*' der of Biibops, if the drofs were fcour'd offi He courted
very much many of the Nobility, and ufed all devices to dit
pofe them to come to him ; and they who did vifit him were
ufed with extraordinary refpeA by him ; all which raifed an
opinion in many, that he did in truth himfelf aSefl: to be
King; which was the more confirm'd, when many of thofe
who had neareft Relation to him, and were mofi: tniQed by
bim, aflbon as the Parliament had difpatch'd thofe AStSy whicn
are mention'd before, and that complaints came from all parts

againft

Of the RehelTton^ &c. 589

sgainft the Major Generals, invcigh'd fliarply againfi: tne
temper and compo(irion of the Government, as if it was hoc
capable to fectie the feveral diihadllons, and fatisfy the fcvc-
fal Intereits of the Nation j and by degrees propoled, in di-
redl terms, " That they might invelt CrowweH with the Title,"
« Rights, and Dignity of a King ; and then he would know ;/, j'j^^jf ;
"what he was to do towards the fatisfiadtion of all Parties, 2ind PaHUtne't
"how to govern thofe who would not be facisfied. for crom^

This Propofition found a great concurrence; and very well ^•^
many who ufed not to agree in any thidg elfe, were of one ^"^'
mind in This, and would prefently vote him King. And it
was obferv'd that no body was forwarder in that Acclama-
tioD, than fome Men who had always haci the reputation of
great fidelity to the King, and to widi his Reltauraiign : and ic
cannot be denied that very many of the King's Party wcire fo
deceived in their judgments, as really to believe, that the
makiog Crom*weU king for the prefent, was the beft Expe-
dient tor the Reifaiiratioh of his Majefty ; and that the Army,
and the whole Nation, would then have been united rather
to reftore the true, than to admit of a falfe Sovcraign, whofe
Hypocrify and Tyranny being iiow detedled, and known,
would be the more deteited.

But the more fober Perfoiis of the King's Party,who made
left iioife, trembled at this Overture ^ and believ'd that it was
the only, way^, utterly to deitrby the King, and to pull up all
future hopes of the Royal Family by the Roots. They faw all
Men even already tired in their hopes ^ and that which was left
of Spirit in them, was from' theTiorror they had of theconfiifiori
of the prefent Goveriiment; that very many who had fuftain'cf
the King's Quarrel in the beginning were dead j that the pre-
fent King, by his long abfence out of the Kingdom , was
known to very few; fo that there was too much reafon to
Fear, that much of that Aftedlion that appeared under the no-
tion of Allegiance to the Kiiig, was more directed to the
Monarchy than to the Perfoh ; and that if Cromwell were once
xnade King, and fo the Governrpeht run again in the old
Channel, though thofe who were in love with a Republick
would poffibly fall from him, he would receive abundant re-

B ration of ftrength by the Accefs of thofe who preferr'd the
onarchy, and which probably would reconcile mott Men of"
Efbtes to an abfolute acquieience, if hot to an entire fub-
mi(&)n; that the Nobility, which being excluded to a Man
and deprived of all the Rights and Privileges due to them by
their Birth-right, and (b Enemies irreconcilable to the prefenc.
Government, would, by this alteration, find themfelves in
their right pUices^ and be glad to adhere to the Name of a
Kng, bo.w unlawful a one foever^ and there was an Adt of
^l.IH.Paxti. ' Q;q Par-^

J90 , TheHiflory Book XV.

Parliament ftill in force, that was made in the eleventh year
of King Harry the feventh, which fccm'd to provide abfolute
Indemnity to fuch fubmiflion. And there was, without doubt^
' at that time, too much propenlion in too many of the No-
bility, to ranfome thcmfelves at the charge of their lawful
Soveraign. And therefore they who made thefc prudent re-
colle£tion&, ufed all the ways they could to prevent this de-
fign, and to divert any fuch Vote in the Houfe.
Lambert O N the Other fidc, Lamherty who was the fecond Man of
Md his Tar- Power in the Army, and many other Officers of account and
gj'^j^/.*"' intereft, befides the Country Members, oppofed this Over-
cure with great bitternefs, and indignation : lome of them faid
direftly, " That if, contrary to their Oaths and Engagements,
<<and contrary to the end, for obtaining whereot they had
** (jpent fo much blood and trcafure, they muft at lafl return
^ and fubmit to the old Govertiment, and live again under a
^ Kin^, they would choofe rftuch rather to obey the true and
** lawful Heir to the Crown, who was defcendcd from a long
«fucceffion of Kiigs who had managed the Scepter over the
** Nation, than to fubmit to a Perfon who at belt was but
*^ their equal, and raifed by thcmfelves from the fame degree
**f of which they all were,, and by the truft they had repofed
^ in him, had raifed himlelf abbve them. That which put an
end to the prefent Debate was (and which was as wonderfiil
as any thing) that fome 6f his own Family, who had grown
^ndfcmt yp und6r him^ and had then* whole dependence upon him, as
wenv^»> Deshroughy Fleetwood ^ ^jZpy,'. and others, as paffionately
ReUtitns. contradiScd the motion, as slny of the other Officers ^ and
confidently undertook to know, "That himfelf would never
^confent to it; and therefore that it was very flrange that
** any Men (hould importune the putting fuch a Queftion, be-
** fore they knew that he would accept it, unlels they took
« this way to deftroy him. ' Upon this ( for which the Un-
dertakers received no thanks) the firft Debate was put ofl^
till farther confideration.

The Debate was refumed again the next day, with the
&me warmth, the fame Perfons (till of the fame opinion they
had been before : moft of the Officers of the Army, as well
as they who were the great Dependents upon, and Creatures,
ofcromivel/y as paffionately oppofed' the making him King,
as Lamhrt and the relt did, who Ipok'd to be fucceflive Pro-
teftors after his deceafe; only it' was obferv'd, that they who
the day before had undertaken, that he himfelf would never
endure it (which had efpecially made the paufe at that time)
urged that Argument no more ;. but inveigh'd flill againft it
as a monftrous thing, and that which would infalliUy ruin
him. But mofl of thofc oThis Privy Councilj and others

neareft

OftheRehellion^Scc. 5-9 1

nearefl: his trull, were as violent and as pofitive fat th« dc;
daring him King, and much the Major part of the Houfe
concurred 'in the fame opinion^ and notwithftanding all was
faid to the contrary, they appointed a Cpmmittee of feveral ^ cmmii^
of the moft eminent Members of the Houfe to wait upon ^^//J^/gl^y^
and to inform him of ** The very eamcft defire of the Houfe, 1^,7^ crom-
** that he would take upon him the Title of King j arid if they well shia
**fliould find any avCTfion in him, that they (hoqW theft en- *'•
^ large in giving him thofe res^fons. which had been offered in
^ the Houfe, and which had IWayM the Houfe to that refolu-
** don, which they hoped would have the fame Influence upon
*<his Highnefs. * '

H E gave them Audience in the Palftted Chamber, ivhen ^' i^^
they made the bare Overture to him. as the defire of his* Par- ^^^*^
liament ; at which he feem'd furprifed 3 aind told them, << H^ fi^ ^f^
^^ wonder'd how any fuch thing came into their minds 3 that Mm their
"it was neither fit for Them tb offerj Mt Hiin to receive^ «*/•"'•
** that he was fure they could difcover hd fuch Ambition in
" him, and that his Confcience would nbt give hlm^ leave
**evcr to confent to own that Title. Thejf who Were well
prepared to cxpedt fudi anl Anfwer, told nim, ^< That tliey
** hoped, he would not fo fuddainly give a pdfitive dehiai tq
"what the Parliament had defifed upon fo long, and'mattirc
"deliberation J that They, who Knew hii niodclty well, and
•« that he more aftcfted to dcferve the highcff Titles thiui' to
*^ wear them, were appointed to offer matiy teafohi,^' TC^hith
" had induced the Houfe to make this requfeft to hiin j" .whtcji
" when he had vouchfafed to heir, th6y npjped the feitoe hn-
" predion would be made upon Himrjthatb'aa bc«n made Upoi|
*^ Them in the Houfe. He was too defircnisto give the Par-
liament all the Satisfadlion he could With a good ConfcieAce|
to refufe to hear whatever they thought fit to fay to hith^ ana
fo appointed them another day to attend him in tbq&me place ^
which they accordingly did.

When they came to him again, they all fucdeflTvely eri-r
tertain'd him with lon^ Harangues, fcttlng out ^ The nature
"of the EKgliJh People, and tne nature df the Governmexk
^< to which they had been accuftom'd, arid urider whiih they
" had flourilh'd from the time they had been a People : that
«* though the extreme fufierings they had* undergone by. cor-
" rupt Minillers, under negligent, and tyrannical Kings haci
"tranfported them to throw off the Government it (elf, ,as
"well as to inflia Juftice upon the Pet fotis of the Oflfeftders j
<* yet they found by experience, that no dther Govemmenc
" would fo well fit the Nation, as that .to which it had beea
<^ accuftom'd : that, notwithftanding* the infinite pains his
"Highnefc had taken, and which had'bettf ctowifdi even

Qjcj % "with

S^z TheHifiorf Book XV.

^^ with miraculous fuccefs^ by the immediate bleffing of Di-
■^ vine Providence upon all his Adions and all his Counfels,
^ there remained ftill a reftlels and unquiet Spirit in Men,

. ** that threaten'd the publick Peace ; and that it was moft ap-
^ parent, by the daily Combinations and Confpiracies agaimt
^ the prefent Government, how juft and gentle and mild fb-
^•^ever, that the heart of the Nation was devoted to the old

. ^^form, with which it was acquainted; and that ic was the
^love of that, not the Afie'dtion to the Young Man who pre.
^^ tended a tide to it, and was known to no body, which dif-
^'pofed fo many to wilh for the return of it : that the Name
'^^and Title of a Prote&or was never known to this Kingdom,
, /< but in ihe hands of a Subjed, during the Reign of an in-
'^fant'Soveraign; ^nd therefore, that the Laws gave little
** refpcdt to him, Bjt were always executed in the Name of
^ the King, how young foever, and how unfit foever to go-
^^yernr that whatloever concern'd the Rights of any Family,
^,or any perfonal, pretence, was well and fafely over; the
5^Nation was united, and of one mind in the reje&ion of the
<^old Line; there was no danger of it; but no body could
^ lay, chat they were of one mind in the rejcfliion of the old
f* form of Government ; to which they were (till moft ad-

^ '^ dided : therefore, they' befought him, out of his love and
^^ tendernefs to the Common-wealth, and for the prefervation
f<of the Nation, which had got fo much renown and glory
founder his Condu^ that he would take that Name and Ti-
^'f tie which had everprefided over it, and by which as he
« could eftabliih a firm Peace at home, fo he would find his
"fame. and honour more improved abroad; and that thofe
<« very Princes and Kings; who, out of admiration of his Vir-
*^^tue and noble Adlions, bad Contracted a reverence for his
**Perfon, and an iippatient defire of his friendlhip, would
" look upon him with much more veneration, when they faw
** him cloath'd with the fame Majefty, and as much their
** equal in Title as in merit ; and would with much more ala-
"crity renew the old Alliances }f/ith EngianJy when they were
"renew'd in the old form, and under the old title, v/hich
." would make them durable ; (ince no Forraign Prince could
* prefume to take upon him to judge of right of Succeflion ;
" which had been frequently changed in all Kingdoms, not
^ only upon the expiration of a Line, but upon deprivation
**and depofitibn; m fuch manner as was moft for the good
*^and benefit of tlie People ; of which there was a frcfli In-
•*ftance in their own Eyes, in the Kingdom of Portugal^
*^ where the Duke of Braganza^ by the Elcdlion of the Peo-
*^ple, afliimed the Crown, and Title of King, from the King
^^of Sfain^ who had cnjoy'dit quietly, and without Inter-
^^ ^* ruption,

Of the ReheUton^ &c. j^pg

Eruption, during three Defcents^ and he was adcnovtrledgied
<<as Soveraignofthat Kingdom by the late Kingj who ro-;
<^ ceiv'd his Embafladours accordingly. . t

Cromwell heard thefe and the like Arguments with
great attention Und wanted not incimarion to have concurifd.
with them ; he tnanked chem " For the paiifK they had taken )
** to which he would not take upon him toigive a prefent An-
"fweri that he would confider of all they had laid to him,
^and refort to God for Counfel-^'arid then be would. fciid
"for them, and acquaint them with liis Refolution; and fo
they parted, all Men (landing at ga2e,;.and in terrible fufperife,
according to thfeir feveral hopes aiid" fears, till they knew
what he would determine. Ail the difputc was npw within
his own Chamber. . There is ho qiiertioh' the Man was in
great Agony, and ii\ his own mind did heartily deGre to bCL
King, and thought it the only way to be'fifei Aiid it is con-
fidently believ'd, that upon foine Addrcflcs he had forincrly
made to fome principal Noble Men of the Kingdom, andl
fome Friendly Expoftulations he had'by himfelfy br'forftt'
Friend, with them,* why they refefvytbcmfclvcs, ariij would;
have no communication or acquaintance with Him, the An-
fwer from them all feveraliy (for fiftrh'difcourfes couW be'
held but with one at a time) was **Tftatifh^woiildxnake ,

^ himfelf King, they (hould eafily know what they had to do,'
^*but they knew nothing of the fubmtfiipn and obedience'
'' which they were to pay to a PrpteSorj atid that thefe re-'
turns firftdilpofed him to tharArdbition.

H E was not terrified with theoppofition that Lambert gave
him ^ whom he now looked upon as a declared and mortal'
Enemy, and one whom he muft deftroy, that he might not ,
be deftroy'd by him : Nor did he much confider thofe other
Officers of the Army, who in the Houfe concurred with Lam",
hert ; whofe Intereft he did not believe to be great; and if ic*
were, he thought he Qiould quickly reduce them, as aflbon as
Lambert (hould be diigraced, and his power taken from him.
But he trembled at the obftinacy of thofe who , he knew,
loved him ; his Brother Deskorough^ and the reft, who de-
pended wholely upon him, and his Greatnefs, and who did
not wiih his Power and Authority lefs abfolute than it was.
And that thefe Men (hould, with that virulence, withftand
this promotion, griev'd him to the heart. He conferred with
them feveraliy, and endeavoured, by all the ways he could,
to convert them. But they were all inexorable; and told him
refolutely, '* That they could do him no good, if they (hould
" adhere to him J and therefore they were refolv^d for their
"own Intereft to leave him, and do the utmoft they could a-
^' gainft him, from the time he affumed that Title.

1-94 • :TfieMtfior}f Book XV.

It wa3 rftporte^ tl^J.W Officer of Name, in the Echir-
iijfenfent upon cfieSubjeo:, told, him rdbluceljr and vehement-
ly, "That if ever he took the Title of King uponhira, he
^^ wpuld. kiU hifp. . CertiiiiT \y is that CrgmweU was inform'd,
^d gave credit to ^c," That there were* number of Men, who
"bcwndthenprelvesby Oath to kill him, within fo many
** b^Qurs. after he flxdiad. accept that Tide. They who were
veryriejir him, fiid, that in this perplexity he revoiv'd his for-
^ler^Dr^m, or Apparition, t)^ had firit infqrm'd, and pro-
QHiod.bitn the high Fortune to which he was already arrived,
and. which was g^nerailyjpokep oH even from the beginning
^f the Troubles, and wl;^ h? was not ii) a pofture that pro-
ipifecj fuchExalcatim-j^aj^tb^ it had only

^tid^x^^^^^^ila^x,}^V^^ die greateft Man \n ^ngland^
^* and fliQuld be nfarjtb ppKing^ which Teemed to imply that
he fliouLd be only q^i^^ ^^ntwQTzQ^tllj attain the Crown.
y[K>n the whole. ci)a;t^^,fift^ a great diftraftion of Mind,
lehich w^ manifeft in. n^ Countcn^r^^p to all who then fa\y
faijz:i,nQtwithttand|hg*fais Science in di0imulation, his Courage
f^Vd, hin) ^ and aft^r^ i^e had fpent fome days very uneafily,
hp feQt'Kbr the Comnu^tf^ of, JParli^^ to attend him; and,
a^ l)ij lopks -^ttcf^x^i^kl^ difirompofed, ^nd difcover'd a
AdiiidfuUpftroubl^ji^urei^^ fo his words were broken
aiid disjpyated , wi»K)ut method, and full of paufes ; with
frequent mention 5:kf;QQd and his gracious difpenfation, he
Htrrfufls concluded, "That Tie could not, with a good Confcience, ac-
fh€ nth pf cc^-ept the Government under the Title of a King.
*J"X' Many were th?n of opinion, that his Genius at that time

fpr^bok him, and yielded to the King's Spirit, and that his
Heignwas near its expiration; andth^^t if his own Courage
had not failed, he would eafily have.mafter'd all oppofition;
that tliere were many Oi5(;e(s of the Array, who would not
have left, him, who wer^ for Kingly Government in their
own afiediions ; and that the greateft Fad:ions in Religion ra-
ther promifed themfelvcs Proteftion from a fingle Perfon,
than from a Parliament, or a new numerous Council ; that
the firft Motion for the making him King, was made by one
of the mpft wealthy Aldermen of the City of London^ and who
ferv'd then for the City in Parliament; which was an Argu*
ment that that potent Body flood well aficdied to that Go-
vernment, ?nd would have jpyn'd with him in the defence of
ir. Others were as confident, that he did very wifely tode-
dine it ; and that, if he had accepted it, he could not have
liVd many days after. T^V^ truth is^ the danger was only in
fome prefent AfTadination, and defpcrate Attempt upon his
Perfon, not from a Revolt of the Army froca him ; which no
irticular Man had Iiiterc^ enough to corrupt. And he might
• have

Of the Rebellion y &c. S9S

have fecured hioifelfprobably, for fome time, from fuch an
Aflaulc^ and when (uch defims are deferr'd, they are com-
monly difcover'd : as appeard afterwards, in many Confpi-
racies againft his Life.

H I s Intereft and Power over the Army was fo great, that
he had upon the fuddain removed many of thofe Officers who
bad the greatefl Names in the Fadions of Religion, as Bar*
Ttfon ILkb^ and others ; who, aflbon as they were removed,
and their Regiments conferr'd on others, were found to be
of no fignification, or influence. And it could have been no
hard matter for him, upon very few days warning, to have fo
Quartered, and Modell d his Troops, as to have fecured him
in any Enterprife he would undertake. And, it may be, there
were more Men fcandahxed at his Ufurpin^ mpre than the
Royal Authority, than would have been at h^ Aflumption of
the Royal Title too. And therefore they who at that time
exercifed their thoughts with more fagacity, look'd upon that
refufal of his as an immediate Aft of Almighty God towards
the King's Refloration^ and many of the lobereft Men in the
Nation confefled, after the King's Return, that their dejeded
Spirits were wonderfully raifed, and their hopes reviv'd, by
that infatuation of his.

B u T his Modefty, or his Wifdom,or his Fear in the refiiGng
that fupreme Title, feem'd not to be attended with the lealt
diiadvantage to him. They who had moll; fignally oppofed
it, were fo fatisfied that the danger they molt apprehended^
was over, that they cared not to crofs any thing elie that was
propofed towards his Greatncfs j which might be their own
another day : and they who had carried on the other defign,
and therebv, as they thought, obliged him, refolv'd now to

fjive him aU the Power which they knew he did defire, and-
eave it to his own time, when with lels belitation he might
afliime the Tide too. And fo they Voted, that he (hould en-
joy the Title and Authority he had already ^ which they en-
larged in many particulars, beyond what it was by the firft
Inttrument of Government, by another Inftrument, which
they call'd the Humble Petitiom and Advice ; in which they
granted him not only that Authority for his Life, but power
by his laft Will and Teftament, and in die prefence of fuch a
number ofWitnefles, to make choice o^ and to declare his
own SucceQbr ^ which power Qiould never be granted to any
other Protedor than himfelf. And when they had digefted
and agreed upon this Writing, at thepaffing whereof ^l^-'«*^?*J/2l
ifert chok rather to be abfent than oppofe it, his Parliament 7^'J^^,i
fent to him for an Audience y which he alCgn'd them on thctmrn^uPB-
ayth day of May idjy, in the Banquetting Moufe; where w>w»«ii
their Speaker tfabrmgt^M^ prefented, and read the F#i/iMi*^*'^-

Q^q 4. an4

796 TheHiliory Book XV.

and Advice of his Parliament, and deGred his Aden: to it.
ihB c$Htentt The Contents and Subftance of ic were, « That his High-
y "• ' tt nefs Oliver Cromwell ihould, under the Title of Protedor,
5* be pleafed to executethe Office of chief Magiltrate over JS»g-
'^landy Scot land J and Ireland^ ^nd the Territories and Domi-
« nions thereunco belonging ^f. and to govern according to
,<^all things in that Petition znd Advice: And alfo, that he
« would in his Life time appoint the Perfonthat (hould fucceed
« him in the Government : That he would call a Parliament
^c confifting of two Houfes, once, in a year at fartheft : That
"thofe Pcdbns who are legally chofen by a free Eledion qf
« the People to ferve in F^rliament, may not be excluded,
« from doing their duties, but by confent of that Houfe where-
« of they are Members : That none but thofe under the Qua-
"lificarions therein mentioned, Ihould be capable to ferve as
« Members in Parliament: That the power of the other Houfe
<« be limited, as therein is prefcribed : That the Laws and Sta-
«tutes of the Land be obfervM and keptj no Laws alter'd
« fiifpencfed, abrogated, or repealed, but by new Laws made
« by A<3; of Parliament : that the yearly Sum of a Million of
<^ pounds Sterling be fettled for the maintenance of the Navy,
5< and Army j and three hundred thoufand pounds for the fup-
itport of the Government: befides other temporary Sup-
<c plies, as the Commons in Parliament (hall fee the neceflities
«of the Nation to require : That the number of the Prote-
in dor's Council (hall not exceed one and iweiity ; whereof
«fevcn(hall be a Quorum: The Chief Officers of State, as
« Chancellors, Keepers of the Great Seal ^c. to be approved
5« by Parliament : That his Highnefs would encourage a God-
'^ ly Miniftry in thefe Nations j and that fuch as do revile
«and difturb them in the Worihip of God, may be punilh'd
« according to |Law y and where Laws are defective, new ones
« to be made : That the Proteflant Chriftian Religion, as it is
f^ contained in the old and New Teftament, be aflerted, and
« held forth for the publick Profeffion of thefe Nations, and
" no other ; and that a Confeffion of Faith be agreed upon,,
"and recommended to the People of thefe Nations j and none
<< to be permitted, by words or writing, to revile, or reproach
« the faid Confeffion of Faith.

When this Petition and Advice was diftinftly read to him,
aftef a lon| paufe, and calling up his Eyes, and other Geftures
iU Speech of perplexity, he fign'd it j and told them, "That he came
*Mp^n£ "not thither that day as to a day of Triumph, but with the
" moll ferious thoughts that ever he had in all his Life, being
" to undertake one of the greateft Burdens that evtr was laid
"upon the back of any humane Creature ^fo that, without
" the fupport of the Almighty, he mull neccflarily fink under

• . ' "the

■

of the Rehellion, &c. 5-97

<*the weight of it, to the damage and prejudice of the Na-

^^ cion corninicted to his Chaise : therefore he defired the help

^^ of the Parliament, and the help of all thofe wbo fear'd Goci,

*^ that by their help he inight receive help and afliftance from

" the hand of God, fince nothing but His prefence could en-

*^ able him to difchargefo great a Truft. He told them, that

^^ this was but an Introdudtion to the carrying on of the Go-

•' vernment of the three Nations ; and therefore he recom-

** mended the fupply of the reft, that was yet wanting, to the

^^ Wifdom of the Parliament j and faid, " He could not doubt,

** but the fame Spirit that had led the Parliament to this,

** would eafily fuggeft the reft to them ; and that nothing

** fhouid have induced him to have undertaken this intoler-

*^ able burthen to fleih and blood, but that he (aw, it was the

" Parliament's care to anfwcr thofe ends for which they were

*^ engaged ^ calling God to Witnefs, "That he would not have

<^ undergone it, but that the Parliament had determined that

^* it made clearly for the Liberty and Intereft of the Nation,

*^ and Prefer vation of fuch as fear God j and if the Nation were

^^ not thankful to them for their care, it would fall as a Sin oa

^* their heads. He concluded with recommending fome things

tp them, " Which, he faid, would tend to Reformation, by

" difcountenancing Vice and encouraging Virture j and fo dit

miffed them to return to their Houfe.

But now that they had perform'd all he could expedt from
them, he refolv'd that he would do fomewhat for himfelf ; and
that all the difcourfes which had pafled of King-fhip, fhouid
pot pafs away inthefilenceof this Addrefs, but that this Ex-
^ration flipuld be attended with fuch a noifeand folemnity,
as fhouid make it very little inferior to the other. Therefore,
jvithin few days after, he fent a Meflage to the Parliament,
^* That they would adjourn until fuch a time as the folemnity
*^ of his Inauguration fliould be perform'd j for the formality
whereof they had not provided, nor indeed confider'd it ; as
if enough had been done already. For this he appointed the
fix and twentieth of Junei and in the mean time allign'd the
care to feveral Perfons, that all things fliould be made ready
for the Magnificence of fuch a Work.

On the day appointed, J^^/fcw/»/?^-ffo/7 was prepared, and 77,, &,/,;„.
adorn'd as fumptuoufly as it could be for a day of Corona- nhy cfim
tion. A Throne was ereSed with a Pavilion, and a Chair of ^f^'tf*'"*-
State under it, to ^h\ch Cromwell was condudted in an entry,"""*
and attendance of his QBBcers, Military and Civil, with as
much State ( and the Sword carried before him ) as can be
imagin'd. When he was fate in his Chair of State, and after
a (bort Speech, which was but the Prologue of that by the
Su2|eaker of the Parliament IVHtrn^tan^ that this promotion
■ might

J98 The Hiftorjt Book XV.

might not feem to be wi^thout the Nobility's having anj
ihare in it, the Speaker, with the Earl of Warvickj and Who-
hckj vefted him with a rich Purple Velvet Robe lin'd with
Ermines ; the Speaker enlarging upon the Majefty and the
integrity of that Robe. Then the Speaker prefented him
'with a fair Bible of the largeft Edition, richly Bound ^ then
he, in the name of all the People^ girded a Sword about him ;
and laftly prefented him a Scepter of Gold , which he put
into his hand, and made him a large difcourfe ofthofe l^n-
blems of Government and Aurhonty. Upon the clofe of
which, there being little wanting to aperfedi: formal Corona-
tion, but a Crown and an Arch-Biinop, he took his Oath ^
adminifterVji to him by the Speaker, in thefe words ( which
amon^ other things had been fettled by an explanatory Peti-
tion and Advice ) ^ I do, in the Prefence, and by the Name
^ of Almighty God,promife and fwear, that^ to the utmoft of
**my power, I will uphold, and maintain the true Heform'd
*• Proteftant Chrittian Religion in <he purity thereof, as it is
^ Contained in the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Tefta-
'*^ ment ^ and to the utmoftof my power, and underftanding,
*^ encourage the Profeffion and Profeflbrs of the fame^ and
^ that, to the utmofl: of my power, I will endeavour, as Chief
**Magiftrate of thefe three Nations, the maintenance and
"prelervingofthe Peace and Safety, andjuft Rights and Pri-
^ vileges of the People thereof; and (hall in all things, accord-
** ing to the bcft of my knowledge and power, govern the Peo-
^ pie of thefe three Nations according to Law.

After this there retnain'd nothing but Feftivals, and

Proclamations of his Power and Authority to be made in the

City of Ijmdofij and with all imaginable hafte throughout the

three Kingdoms of E^gland^ Scotlandy and Ireland., which

was done accordingly. And that he might entirely enjoy the

Soveraignty they had conferr'd upon him, without any new

blafts, and difputes, and might be vacant to the difpatch of

his Domeltick A6^irs, which he had modell'd, and might have

time to confider how to fill his other Houfe with Members fit

Headjotims for his Durpofc , he adjourn'd his Parliament till January

hu patU*- next, as navingddne as much as was neceflary for one Scflion.

nu7ry *i»' ^^ ^^ vacancy, his greatnefs feera'd to be fo much eftablifli'd

29. Mtf both at home and abroad, as if it could never be (haken. He

^iws in caufed all the Officers of his Army, and all Commanders at

'Jy^f^*^ Sea to fubfcribe, and approve all that the Parliament had done,

^ment '^ *^^ ^^ promifc to obferve and defend it.

H E fenc now for his eldeft Son lUcbard ; who, till this
time, had liv'd privately in the Country upon the Fortune his
Wife had broi^ht him, in an orcUnary Village in H<i/»'/>:y7:'ir^^
^d brought him now to tl)e Courts and made bim a Privy

Counfellir,

Cf the Rehel/wfy &c. 5*99

Counfellor, and cftufqcl km to be cboTeh Chancellor of the
Univerfity of Oxford, Notwithftanding all which, few Peo-
ple then believed chat be intended, to name him for his Sue-
ceflbr y he by his difcourfes often itnplying, ^ That he would
^^name fuch a $acceS6r, as was in ail reipedis equal to the
<< Office : and fo M^nguefled this, or that Man, as they thought
'^ n^gil like to be ^[teem'd by him. His fecond Son Harryj
who had the Reputation of more Vigour, he had fent into
IreUifdj and made him his Lieutenant of that Kingdom, that
he mighf be iure Co have no dilturbaDccfrom thence.
H B htd only two Daughters unmantied : One of thofe he uu Dammit-
ivc tpthe Grand- fon and Heir of the Earl of Warnuitky g^tersai^uffi
Ian of a great Eftate, and throughly engaged in the Caufe •/ J" ^^^^
from the beginning i the Other was Married to the Lx)rd '"''*•''
Vifcount Falconhidgf y the owner itkewife of a very fair E-
ftate in Jork-Jhtrty and defcended of a Family eminently Loyal. .
There were many reafons to believe, that this young Gentle-
man, being then of about three or foUr and twenty years of
Age , of great Vigour and Ambition, bad many good pur-
pofes, which he thought that Alliance might qualify and en-
able him to perform. Thefe Marriages were celebrated at
10>ite^Hall mih all imaginable Pomp and Ludre; and it was
obferv'd, that though the Marriages were perform'd in pub-
lick View according to the Rites and Ceremonies then in ufe,
they were prefemly afterwards in private Married by Minifters
Ordain'd by Biihops^ and according to the form in the Book
of Common Prayer ; and this with the privity of CroTtmeUy
who pretended to yield to it in compliaince with the impor-
tunity, andfbUy of his Daughters.

The s EDomeftick Triumphs were conftrm'd, and imprc^v'd ^'"^ ^"^'*''*
by the Succefs of his Arms abroad. Though the ^revch^l^"^ -*'"*'
had no mind tp apply thofe Forces upon Dunkirk , which "*
they were obliged, when taken, to pur* into CpomwfWs hands,
and fo march to other places, which they were to conquer to
their own ufe, i§ which the (ix thoufand Bfgit/b under the
Command of Raynoldr attended them, and behaved therofelves
eminently well, and in good diiciplinc; yet his EmbafTadour
Lock^Mrt m^de Cuch lively Inftances with the Cardinal, with
complaints of their breach of Faith, and fome Menaces, "Th^it
**his Matter knew where to find a nwre piin<5lual Friend^
that aflbon as they had taken Montmedyy and S^ VenanU the
Army march'd into F^un^n^/^ and though the Seafon ot the
year was too &r (pent to engage in a §iege before Dunkirky
they iatedown before Msrdikt'y which was look'd upon as the
inott di£Bcult part of the Work; which being reduced, would
facilitate the other very much : and that Fort they took, and
delivered it, into the bands ofRayneUsy with an obligation

*<That

6oo TheHiftory Book XV.

^ That they would beii^e Dunkirk the next year, and make it
*^ their firft Attempt.
The natty Bur that which made a noife indeed, and Crown'd his
Iwrthe Succefles, was the Vidtory his Fleet, under the Command of
Spaniard. Blakey had obtain'd over the Spaniard'^ which, in truth, with
ail its Circumftances, was very wonderful, and will never be
forgotten in Spain^ and the Canaries, That Fleet had rode
out all the Winter Storms before Caks and the Coaft of For^
tugalj after they had fent home thofe former Ships which they
had taken of the Weft Indian Fleet, and underilood by the
Prifoners, that the other Fleet from feruj which is always
much richer than that of Mexico , was undoubtedly at Sea^
and would be on the Coaft by the beginning of the opring, if
they received not Advertifement of me pretence of the Englifh
Fleet; in which cafe they were moft like to ftay at the Or-
naries. The Admiral concluded, that , notwithftandihg all
they had done, or could do to block up Cales , one way or
other they would not be without that Advertifement; and
therefore refolv'd to fail with the whole Fleet to the length
of the Canaries^ that, if it were poflihle ^ they might meet
with the Galeons before they came thither; and if they fliould
be firft, got in thither, they would then coniider what was to
be done.

With this Refolutwn the Fleet flood for the Canaries^
and about the middle of April came thither ; and found that
the Galeons were got thither before them, and had placed
themfelves , as they thought, in fafety. The fmaller Ships,
being ten in number, lay in a Semicircle, moor'd along the
Shore; and the fix great Galeons ( the Fleet confitting of fix-
teen good Ships ) which could not come fo near the Shore,
lay with their broad-fides towards the Offin. -Befides this
good pofture in which all the Ships lay, they were cover'd
with a ftrong Cattle well furniQi'd with Guns ; and there
were fix or fcven fmall Forts, raifed in the moft advantageous
places of the Bay, every one of them furqilh'd with divers
good pieces of Cannon; fo that they were without the leaft
Apprehenfion of their want of fecurity, or imagination that
any Men would be (b defperate, as to aflault them upon fuch
apparent difadvantage.

. When the Engiijh Fleet camfc to the mouth of the Bay of
Santa CruZy and the General faw in^what pofture the Spaniard
lay, bethought itimpoflible to bring oflFany of the Galeons;
however , he refolv'd to burn them ( which was by many
thought to be equally impoQible ) and fent Captain Stayner
with a Squadron of the beft Ships, to h)l upon the Galeons ;
which he did very refolutely; whilft other Frigats entertained
the Forts, and lefler Breaft*works, with continual Broad-fides

to

. Of the Rehellion^ &c. 6oi

to hinder their firing. Then the General coming up widi
the whole Fleet, after full four hours fight, they drove the
Spaniards 6*001 their Ships, and poflefled them ^ yec found
that their work was not done; and that it was not only iro-
podible to carry away the Ships, which they had taken, but
that the Wind that had brought them into the Bay, and en-
abled them to Conquer the Enemy, would not ferve to carry ,
them out again; fo that they lay expofedto all the Cannon
from the Shore; which thundered upon them. However,
they refolv'd to do what was in their power; and fo, dif-
charging their broad-fides upon the Forts and Land, where
they did great execution, they fet fire to every Ship, Galcons,
and others, and burn'd every one of them ; which they had no
fooner done, but it happened the Wind tum'd, and carried
the whole Fleet without iofs of one Ship out of the Bay, and
put them fafe to Sea again.

The whole Addon was fo miraculous, that all Men who-
knew the place, wondered that any fober Men , with what
Courage foever endued, would ever have undertaken it ; and
thev could hardly per(wade themfelves to believe what they
had done; whiifl the SfaniarJs comforted themfelves with
the belief, that they were Devils and not Men who had de-
ftroyed them in fuch a manner. So much a ftrong refolution
of bold and couragious Men can bring to pafs, that no refi-
nance and advantage of ground can diuppoint them. And it
can hardly be imagin'd, how fmall Iofs the Englijh fuitain'd
in this unparallel'd Adlion ; no one Ship being left behind,
and the killed and wounded not exceeding two hundred Men,
when the Slaughter on board the Sfantjh Ships, and on the
Shore was incredible.

The Fleet after this, having been long abroad, found it Blake r#-
neceflary to return home. And this was the laft fervice per-^<w^'»»>*
formed by Blake ; who Sickened in his p^eturn, and in the ^J,^^,V,
very entrance of the Fleet into the Sound of Plymouth^ expired. J^Jj]^
He wanted no Pomp of Funeral when he was dead, Crem-
*welJ caufing him to be brought up by Land to London in aU
the State that could b^ and to encourage his Officers to ven-
ture their Lives, that they might be Fompoufly Buried, hd
was, with all the Solemnity pollible, and at the Charge of the
Publick, Interr'd in Harry the Seventh's Chappel, among the
Monuments of the King's. He was a Man of a private hx-HkBund,
traflion ; yet had enough left him by his Father to give him *»'* ^*^*"
a good Education ; which his own Inclination difpofed him ^^*
to receive in the Univerfity oi Oxford ^ where he took the
degree of a Maiter of Arts;- and was enough verfed in Booka
for a Man who intended not to be of any Profeffion, having
fufficient of bis own to maintain him in. Che .plenty he afiedec^

and

<Jo4 TheUiftory Book XV.

^* by Their Vote, to be better Men than They, and to have
*^ a Negative Voice to controle their Mafters. When they
had enough vihfied them, they queftion'd the Proteftor's Aa-
thority to fend Writs to call them thither : " Who gave him
*<thac Authority to make Peers? that it had been the. proper
^^ bufineis of that Houie to have provided for all this ^ which
"it is {Jrobable they would have' done at this raeetihg, if he
<< had not prefumptuoufly taken that Soveraign poWer upoA
<«him.

Cromwell was exceediiigly furprifed, md perplexed
with this new Spirit \ and found that he had been (hort-lighted
in not having provided, at the fame time, for the filling his
Houfe of Commons, when he errcfted his other of Peers : for
he had taken away thofe out of that Houfe who were the bold-
elt Speakers, and belt able to oppdfe this torrent, to inftitute
this orher Houfe, without fupplying thofe other places by
Cromwell Men who could as well undergo the Work of the other. How-
k!!thlhmre ^^^^i he made one effort more ^ and Conven'd both Houfes
MndCpeais'* before him j and very Magifterialiy, and in a Dialed he hid
f ttoem, never ufed before, reprehended them for prefuming to qu6-
ftion his Authority. " The other Houfe, he faid, were Lords,
**and Ihould be Lords j and commanded Them ^^Toentcjr
*^upon fuch bufinefs, as might be for the benefit, not the di-
<* ftraftion of thb Common- wealth ; which he would with
" God's Help prevent. And when he found this AnimadverfioA
did not reform them, but that they continued in their jprei-
fumption, and every day improved their reproaches and con-
tempt of him, he went to his Houfe of Lords upon the fourth
7hafflrul' of i^^^^«^^/? and fending for the Commons, after he had ufed
metaTeb. "many fliarp expreflions of indignation, he told them, "That
4. • " it concerned his Inrereit, as much as the Peace and Tran-

^^quillity of the Nation, to diCTolve that Parliament; and
therefore he did put an end to their fitting. So that Cloud
was, for the prefent, diflipatcd, that threaten'd (b great a
Storm.

The Parliament being difTolv'd, Cromwell found himfclf at

cafe to profecute his other defigns. After the taking of Mar-

Raynolds dike^ Raynolds^ who was Commander in chief of that Body

ea/lamaj of the Engltfh in the Siervice o{ France^ endeavouring to give

i^v^a^ his Friends in England a vifir, was, together with fome othct

tf itsders. Officers, who accompanied him, ca(t away, and drowned at

Sea; upon which, before the diflfblution of the Parliament,

Lockhartj who was the Protcftor^s Embafifadour ip France^

wasdefign'd to take that Charge upon him; and all things,

which were to be Tranfported from England, for the profe-

cution of the bufinefs in Flanders the next Spring, were dif-

patched with the more care, and pundluality, that there might

Of the Rehelliott, 8cc. 60 y

be no room left for the Cardinal to imagine, that the Frote-
dtor was in any degree perplexed with the contradidlion, and
ill humour of the Parliament.

A s s o o N as he was rid of That, he thought it as riecefl&rjr
to give fome Inftances at home, how little he feared tho(e
Men who were thought to be fo much his Rivals in power,
and in the opinion of the Army, that he durll not difobiige
them. And therefore, after fome fliarp expoltulatioAS with
Ijimhht^ who was as pofitive in his own humour, he fcnt to Cromwell
him for hisCommifEon; which he fullenly gave up, whenf^"*^^"*;:
there was a general imagination that he would have refiifed to tht^^L
have delivered it. So he was deprived of his Regiment, his
authority in* the Army, and of being Major General in the
North, in an inftant, without the Icaft appearance of contra-
diction or murmur ^ and the Officers CremioeU fubltituted in
the feveral places, found all the obedience that had been paid
to Che other ; and Lambert retired to his Garden as unvihted
and untaken notice of, as if he had never been in Authority ^
which gave g^eat reputation to the Proteftor, that he was en-
tire Matter of his Army.

H E had obferved, throughout the Parliament, that the Ma-
jor Generals were extremely odious to the People, as they
had been formidable to him. For, whilit his Party were pro- '
fccuting to have his Authority conftrm'd to him, and that he
might have the Title of King conferred upon him, LamStrt
was as follicitous to have the Major Generals confif m'd by
Parliament , and to have their dependence only upon it ;
which, withtheauthority they had of lilting Men in a readi-
nefs, would have made their power, and their ftrength, in a
(horr tiipe to be equal to the other's. Now that was over, ff« ahidgeJ,
Cromwell was content to continue their Names, that they '^'^"•f*/
might ftill be formidable in the Countries, but Abridged them ^? „^^{*''
of all that power which might be inconvenient to Himfelf. '"^^

H E took likewife an ocGi£on from an accident that hap-
pened, to amufe the People with the apprehenfion of Plots at
home to facilitate an Invafion from abroad j and fending for Htsetjuaims
the Lord Mayor and Aldermen to attend him, he made them the tMayor
a large difcourfc of the danger they were in of being furprif-^*^- */'''*
ed 5 « That there was a dehgn to feifc upon the Tower ^ and pl^^ JJJ'^^^
*< at the fame time that there Ihould be a general Infurredlion CAvaiigrs^
^ in the City of the Cavaliers, and difcontentcd Party, whiltt Wrt»<•M4^-
« the Cii;y remained fo fecure, that they had put their Militia ^'•''•/^''
« into no pofture to be ready to preferve themfelves in fuch an ™°"^ ^^I.
<^ Attempt ; but on the contrary, that they were fo negligent land" "
c^ in their Difcipline, that the Marquis o^QrmenJ had Iain fe-
" curely in the City foil three Weeks without being difcover'd;
<^ who was fenc over by the King to couotenaace a general
Vol. m. Part t. Rr «Infur.

6o6 TheHiftory Book XV.

^ Infurreftion, whilft the King himrdf, he faid, had ten thou-
•^ fand Men ready at Briquet , with two and twenty Ships,
"with which he meant to invade fome other more Northern
^ part of the Kingdom. H« wifli'd them *^ To lofc no time in
" putting their Militia into a good poftufe, and ro make very
"itria fearchcs to difcover what Strangers were harboured
«* within the Walls of the City, and to keep good Watches
' ^ every* Night. He ordered double Guards to be fet about the
Tower ; and that they migt^t fee that there "was more than or-
dinary Occafion for ail this, he caufed very many Perfons of
all conditions, molt of them fuch as were reafonably to be
fufpeded to be of the King's Party , to be furprifed in the
iidny Per- Night in their Beds ( for thole circumftances madfe all that was
ftns feifed ^qj^^ j^ ^ jl^^ ^^q^q notoHous ) and after fome fliort Exami-
*fe4/^!^c. nation, to be font to the Tower ^ and toother Prifons; for
c•wl^ there was, at the fame time, the fame feverity ufed in the fe-
veral Counties ; for the better explanation, and underftanding
whereof, it will be neceflary now that We return to FAw-
Jers.
Vie King's Within little more than two Months after the King's
affairs VI coming to Bruges^ the little Treaty which had been iign'd by
FUnidcrs. ^^^ Arch-Duke with the King, was fcnt ratified from Madrid
by the King of Spainy with tpany great compliments ; which
the King was willing (hould be believ'd to be of extraordi-
nary iniportance. After wonderful excufes for the Lownefs of
their afniirs in all places , which difabled them to perform
thofe Services which are due from, and to a great King, they
let his Majcfty know, "That the Catholick King had aifigned
<^ fo many Crowns as amounted to fix thoufand Guilders, to
** be paid every Month towards a Royal Aid ; and half fo much
** more, for the fupport of the Duke oiGlocefier \ that though
" the Sum was very fmall, it was as much as their neceffi-
*^ ties would bear ^ and the fmallnefs fliould be recdmpenfed
" by the pundiuality of the paymtat ; the firtt payment being
to be made about the middle of the next Month ; without tak-
ing notice that the King had been already in that Country
nedr three Months, during which time he had not received
the leaft Prefent, or afliflance towards his fupport.
^ They were willing that the King (hould raife four Regi-
^ mcnts of Foot, which fliould march with their Army , until
the King Ihouldfind the feafon ripe to make an Invauon with
that other fupply which they were bound by the Treaty to
give. But for the railing thofe four Regiments, there was
not one penny allowed ; or any other encouragement, than lit-
tle Quarters to bring their Men to ^ and, after their Multer,
the common allowance of Bread. However, the King was
glad of the opportunity to employ, anddifpofe of many Offi-
cers

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 607

cers and Soldiers, who flock'd to him from the time of his Sift
coming into Flanders. He rcfolv'd to raile one Regiment of r.^ K^ng
Guards, the Command whereof he gave to the Lord Went- r.ur*s four
swarthy which was to do duty in the Army as Common Men, ^'f?'w««''
CilL his Mijelty (liould be in fuch a pblture, that they pight 'j^'",];"^
be brouglit abouc his Perfon. The Marquis oiOrmond had a FUoderf.
Regiment in order to be commanded by his Lieutenant Co-
lonel, that the Irt(b might be tempted to come over. The
Earl of Rochtffier would have a Regiment, that fuch Officers
and Soldiers might rcfort tO) who were detirous to fcrve un-
der his Command ^ and becaufe the Scots had mapy Otiicers
about the Court, who pretended that they could draw many
of their Country Men to them, the King gave the fourth Re-
giment to the Lord Newhurghy a Nobleman of that Kingdom^
of great courage ; who had ierv'd his Father and himfelf with
very fignal hdelity. Thofe four Regiments were raifed with
more expedition than can be imagined, upon fo little encou-
ragement.

As SOON as the Treaty was confirmed, in truth, from the
time chat his Majefty came into FlauderSy and that he refolv^d
to make as entire a Conjunction with the Sfdtniards as they
would permit, he gave notice to the King of France^ that he Ug Ksi
would iio longer receive that Penlion, which, during the**/»»ff«'»*-
tioM he had remained at Co/ognej had been reafonably well p '^^^^^
paid ; but, after his coming into Flandirs^ he never would re- pJi^. '^
cei ve any part of it.

The Spanift} Army was at this time before Conde ; a place
Garrifon*d by the French between Valenciennes^ and CanAray ^
which was invcftcd now by Dtnjuan*^ who finding that the
greateft part of the Garrifon confifted of Irijb , and that
there was in it a Regiment commanded by Musktrrjy a Ne-
phew of the Marquis of Ormendy he thought this a good fea-
fon to manifelt the dependence the Irt/h had upon the King -
and therefore writ to his Majefty at Bruges, and defired that The HirqiA
he would fend the Marquis to the Camp j which his Majefty o/ormond
could not reiufe; and the Marquis was very willing to go^"'^» '^«'
thither ; and at the fame time the Chancellor of the Kxche- )^'^^ ^*^^
quer was fent to Brujffels (under pretence of follicitine the pay- kdy at "
tnent of the three hrft Months, which were alligiid to the Condh 4-
King ) to confer with DonAlonzode Cardinas upon all fuch^'*'**'^'-
pariiculars as might be neceflary, to adjult fome delign forf JJ^jJ^^/
the Winter upon England-, Don Juan and the Marquis ofCar^the ExeheJ
racena^ referring all things which related to England to Don tjuer fiat n
AlotKcOy and being very glad that the Chancellor went to^™!?"*'*/*
Brnffelsy at the fame time that the Marquis went to the Camp,22nA7ont
that fo a correfpondcnce between them two n^hc afccrtain »> de Cir-
any thing that (hould be defired on either fide. dinu.

Rra CoNDE

6oB TbeHiftor/ Book XV.

C o N D E was reduced to (tretghts by the time the Marquis
came thither; who was received wkh much more civility by
JD0U JtMMy at leaft by the Marquis of Carracenay than any
Mm who related to the King, or indeed than the King hitn*
fel£ The thing they defired of him was, that when the Gar-
rifon (hould be reduced, which was tben Capitulating, he
would prevail with thofe of the Ir^ Nation, when they
maxxHi'd out, to enter into the SfMiifb Service, that is, as they
Ciii'd it, to (erve their own King : for they uiked of nothing
but going over in the Winter into England ^ efpecially they
dciiied that his Nephew Musksrj^ who had the reputation oS
a £tout txid an excellent Officer, as in truth he was, would
come over with his Regiment, which was much the beft,
ne S«eesft Whatever the other would do. After the Capitulation was
•f the iidr- figned, the Marquis eaiily found opportunity to confer witk
5wi\ e»»/> jjjs Nephew, and the other Officers of the feveral Regiments.
Mwkcr? When he had inform'd them of the King's pleafure, and that
the cntring into the fervice of the Spaniard was, for the pre-
fcnr, neceflary in order to die King's fen^ice, the other Regi-
ments niade no fcruple of it ; and engaged, aflbon as they
tnarch'd out, to go whither they ihould be direded.

Only MusJbgrv expreily retufed that either himfelf, or any
of his Men Ihould leave their Colours, till, according to his
Articles, they (hould march into Frattce, He faid, ^^Itiwas
^ not conGf^cnt with his honour to do otherwife. But he de-
clared, ^ That a^Toon as be (hould come into Prance^ he would
^ leave his Regiment in their Quarters; and would bim(elf
^' Ride to the Court, and demand his Fafs; which, by his
'^concrad: with the Cardinal was to be given to him, when-
^' ever his own King Ihould demand his Service ; and his Re-
^ giment (hould iikewiie be permitted to march with him. Xc
was urged to him, « That it was now in his own power to
^^difpofe ot himfelf; which he might lawfully do ; but that,
*^ when he was found in Fr^vc^, he would no more have it in
*^ his power. He laid, *' He was bound to ask his difmiflion,
^^ and the Cardinal was bound to give it : and when he had
"done His part, he was very confident the Cardinal would
** not break his word with him ; but if he ihould, he would
" get nothing by it ; for he knew his Men would follow hira
" whitherfoever he went; and therefore defired his Uncle to
^iatisfy himfelf; and to adure the King and Don Juan^ that
*^ he would, within (ix weeks, return; and if he might have
" Qiiorters aCHg^i'd him, his Regiment ihould be there within
" few days after hitti. It was in vain to preG him farther,
and the Marquis telling D9u Juan^ that he believ'd he would
* keep his word, he was contented to part kindly with him;
and had a much better elieem of him than ot the other QfC

ficcrs.

Of the ReheJRon^ &c. 609

ficers, who came to him, and broag^ over their Men without
any Ceremony.

Musk BR Y march'd away with the reft of the Garrifon;
and aflbon as he was in France^ rode to Varis., where the
Cardinal then wasj who receiv'd him with extraordinary
Grace 9 but when he aslc'd his difmiflion, and urged his Ca«
pitulation^ the Cardinal, by all imaginable Careflfes, andpro-
mifeb of a penfion, endcavour'd to divert him from the incli-
nation ; told him, '' That this was only to ferve the SfsniarJj
^and not his own King^ who had no employment for him;
^ that if he would Ihiy in their Service tijl the King had xuted
^ of him, he would take care to fend him, and his Regi*
^' ment, in a better Condition to his Majefty, than they were
**now in. When he could neither by promifes, nor re-
proaches, divert him from quitting their service, he gave him
a Fafsoiily for'Himfelf; and expreily lefufed to difmifs the
Regiment j averring, "That he was not bound to it, be-
" caufe there could be no pretence that they could ferve the
^^ King ; who had no ufe of them, nor wherewithal to pay
<'them.

MusKERY took what he could get, his own Pafs j and
made halte to she place where his Regiment was ; and after
he had given them fuch dired^ions as he thought necef&ry, he
came away only with two or three Servants to Bruffeh ; and
defired Donjnan to aflign him convenient Quarters for his
Regiment j which he very willingly did ^ and he no fooner
gave notice to them whither thty fliould come, but they be-
haved ihemfelves fo, that, by fixes and fevens, his whole Re-
giment, Officers and Soldiers, to the number of very near Muskery
eight hundred, came to the place aflign'd them ; and brought ^'"l* **
their Arms with them ; which the Spaniard Was amazed at ; ,^7//L
and ever afrer very much valued him, and took as much care Spaniards,
for the prefervation of that Regiment, as of any that was in
their Service.

When the Marquis propofed any .thing that concerned
the King, during the time be was in the Army, Bon Juan (fill
writ to Don Alonzo to confer with the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer about it ^ who found Don Aionxa in all rejibedis fo iheChan-
untradfable, and fo abfolutely govem'd by the Iyij4 Jefuit,«efi«r«//iU»
who tilled his head with the hopes of the LeveUcrs, that, afrer ^^chetfiuf's
he had receiv'd the Money that was aflign'd to the King, he „ii^^
return'd to Bruges^ as the Marquis did from the Army, when aJoqio.
the bulinels of Conde was over.

It was well enough known, at leaft generally believ'd,
from the time that the fecret cor^dence begun between Crom"
7^U and the Cardinal , and long before Leckhart appeared
there as EmbaOadour , chat the Cardinal had not only pn>-

R r 3 mifed, .

6lo The Hiftor^ Book XV.

mUed , ^ That the King fliould receive no afliitance from
^ thence ; but that no body who related to his Service, or
^'agaioft whom any exception (hould be taken, Hiould be per-
Emitted to refide in France-^ and that, as the King had al-
ready been driven thence ; fo when the time (hould be ripe,
the Duke of r^ri^ would be likewife necefliraced to leave that
JCingdom. And now, upon the King's coming into FlamderSy

Sad upon thp coming over of the fix thoufand En^ih fof cbe
ervice of France , and the publication of the Treaty with
Cr9m*u)cll, the French did not much defire to keep that Article
fecret which provided againit die King's refiding in that King-
dom, and for the exclufion of the Duke of Tork^ and many
other Perfons, by Name, who attended upon the King, and
TheCdrdinai fott^ who had Charges in the Army. And the Carding, and
^'T S'T' ^^^ Queen, with fome foemin^ regret, communicated it to
ly York the Duke, as a thing they could not refufe, and infinitely la-
7hat he muft tncntcd y with many profeflions ofkindnefs and everiaitiog
leave the refpeds j and all this in confidence^ and that he might know
French j^ [qj^^ ^^g before it was to be executed by his departure.
^^''^'' Amongst thofc who by that fecret Article were to leave

the French Service, the i^rl of Briftol was one ^ whofe Name
was, as Was generally believ'd, put into the Article by the
Cardinal, rather than by Cnmwell. For the Earl, having re-
ceiv'd very great Obligations from the Cardinal, thought his
Interell greater in the Queen than in truth it was ( according
to his Natural Cuiiom of deceiving himfelf) and fo, in the
Cardinals dil^race and retirecnent , had (hew'd himfelf Icfs
inclined to his return than be ought to have been ^ which the
Cardinalnever forgave j yet treated him with the fame iami-
iiarity as before ( which the Earl took for pure Friendftiip )
until the time came for the publiUiing this Treaty, when tne
Earl was- Lieutenant General of the Army in Itafy, Then
he fcnt for him j and bewailed the Condition that France was
B^'ft^r'*"^ in, " Which obliged them to receive Commands from Crom-^
ito^^A/yi' "««5ff, which were very uneafy to ihem^ then told him,
ra leave ^ that he could (lay no longer in their Service, and that they
Fiance. « muft be compell d to difmifs the Duke of Tork himfelf; but
made infinite profeflioni of kindnefs, and "That they would
^< part with him, as with a Man that had done them great
*^ Service. The Earl^ who could always much better bear ill
Accidents than prevent them, believ'd that all proceeded from
the Malice of Cr0mweS^ and quickly had the Image of a bet-
ter Fortune in his fancy than that he was to quit ; and fo fet-
ting his heart upon the getting as good a fupply of Money
from them as he could , and the Cardinal defiring to pare
£iirly with him, he received fuch a prefent, as enabled hihi
to remove with a handfome Equipage in Servants and HorfeF.

So

Of the Rehellion^ &c- 6ii

So he came diredUy for Br^is to the King; to whom he had Comet to
made himfelf in fome degree gracious before bis Majeily left'^'"R"'* .
Taris. But bis bufinefe there was only to prefent his Duty ^"•^'
to his Majeity ; where after he had Aay'd two or three days,
he made bis Journey to the Army to offer his Service to Don
JuMMy without fo much as defiring any recommendation from
the King.

There was nothing more known, than that the Spaniard
had all imaginable prejudice and hatred againfl the Earl,
both for the httle kindnefs he bad ihew'd towards them in
Englaudj whilllhe was Secretary of State, of which I>0»
AUn^o was a faichtul Remembrancer^ and for the more than
ordinary Animofity he had cxprefled againfi them from the
time that he had been in the Fr^^h Service^ which angered
them the more, becaufc he had been born in Spain, He had
'then iikewife rendered himieif particularly odious to "Blan^
ders ; where he was proclaim d, and detefted , in all the
Rhymes and Songs of the Country, for the favage Outrages
his Forces had committed by Fire and Plunder, two years be-
fore, when he made a VVincer Incuriion with his Troops into
that Country, and committed greater Waile than ever the ^

French themfelves had done, when the Forces were Com- .^"'

mandcd by them. Upon all which, his Friends difiwaded
him at Brugi^s from going to the Span\[b Army , where he
would receive very cold treatment. But he fmiled at the ad> ^

vertifement ; and told them, ^ That all the time he was ia
^< France^ he was out of his Sphere ; and that his own Genius'
*' always dilfpofed him to Spam ; where he now refolv'd to
'^ make his Fortune. And with this confidence he left BrugeSy
and went to the Army , when it had newly taken C^wU^y
where he found his reception fuch, both from Dm Juan and
the Marquis of Carracenay as he had reafoa go expe<^; which
did not at all deje(fl him.

H E was prefent when D^n Juan Eat, and when he ufed to HrdtUtet
difcourfe of all things at large j and mod willingly of ^"^o-^^M^^^^
laitick points, if his L^gnfeflbr, or any other Learned Perfoo, ^^^n,/,^. *
was prefent. The Earl always interpofed in thofe difcourfcsy?t»^f;)^r^0
with an admirable acutenefii, which, befides his exadnefs ini*;*^' /"•*>-
the Spanijb Language , made his Parts wonder'd at by every '^^^^.^^^
Body 'y and Don Jnan begun to be very much pleafed with his ^^^^4
Company j and the more, becaufe he was much given to fpe- him,
culations in Aftrology^ in which he found the Earl fo much
more converfant than any Man he had met with, that, within
a Week after he had firit feen him, he defired the Evl to cal-
culate his Nativity. In a word, his prefence grew to be very
acceptable to D9n Juany which when the Marquis 'of Cara^
ana difcem'd, be Iikewife treated him with more refpedl ;

R r 4 in

6i % The Hiftory Book XV.

in wbidi he found likewife his aocounc : for the Earl having
been Lieutenant General of the French Army under Prince \
ybntasj in conjunction with the Duke oF Medena^ againit
Millamj the very year before, when the Marquis of Carta-
€€na was Governour there, he could both difcourfe the feve-
ral Tranra(^ions there with the Marquis, and knew how to
Cake fie occafions, both in his prefence and abfence, to magnify
his Condudl in iignal Anions ^ which the Marquis was very
glad to lee, and hear, that he did very frequently. And D9n
jAkmzo being fenc for to the Army to confult fome Affair,
though he had all imaginable deteftation of the Earl, and had
prepared as much prejudice towards him in D9m Juan snd
the Marquis, when, he found him in fo much favour with
both, he treated him likewife with more regard; and was well
content to hear himfelf commended by him for underltanding.
the Affiirs of England'^ which he defired Don Juan and the
Marquis fhould believe him to do. So that before he had
been a Month in Fiawders^ he had perfectly reconciled him-
TeBF to the ^ourt, and to the Army; and fupprcffed, and di-
verted all -the prejudice that had*, been againit him; and
Hiff J^am invited him to fpend the Winter with him at
Brujels.

_ There was another Accident likewife fell out at this
time, as if it had been produced by his own Stars. The French
jMim/tm- had yet a Ganifop at a place calrd Sc Ghi/Uin., which being
^^■•^.j'* within few Leagues erf Bruffkb^ infefted the whole Country
^"^Tflfin^^T niuch, and even put them into Mutiny againit the Court,
10 the Spa- that they would think of any other Expedition before they
niards. had reduced that Garrifon; which was fo ftrong that they
bad once attempted it, and were obliged to defift. Half
the Garrifbn were Iri/by under the Command of Schomherg^
an Officer of the firft Rank. Some of the Officers were nearly
ally'd to Sr George LaTte^ who was Secretary to the Marquis
oiOrmondy and had written to him to know, " Whether the
^^givingup that place would be a Service to the King? And
^if it would, they would undertake it. Hie Marquis fent his
Secretary to inform the Earl of Br^^/ of it; who looked up-
on it as an opportunity fent from Heaven to raife his For-
tune with the Spaniard, He communicated it to Dm Juany
as a matter in his own difpofal, and to be conduced by Per-^
fons who had a dependence upon him, but yet who intended
it only as a Service to the King. So now he became entrqited
between the King and Don Juan-, which he had from the
beginning contrived to be ; Don Juan being very glad to find
he had fo much Interelt in the King, and the King well
pleafed that he had fuch Credit with Don Juan^ of whofe Af-
1^ ^fiance in the next Winter he thought He (hould have much

OftheRehellion.^c. 615

ufe ; for all attempts upoa England mufl: be in tiie Winter.
In a word, this Aftair of S^ Qhijlam was very acceptable to the
Sfoniards'y their Campagne being ended without any other
confiderable Action than the taking of Conde. They forefaw
a very fad year would fucceed, if they fhould enter into the
Field, where they were (ure the French would-be early, and
leave Sc Qhljla'm behind them; and they Ihould run more ha-
^rd if they begun widi the Siege of that place; and there*
fore they authorifed the 'Earl to promife great rewards in Mo-
ney, and Peniions, to thofe Officers, and Soldiers, who would
contribute to rhe rcdudlion of it. The matter was (b well
carried, that Don Juan afifembled his Army together a little •
before Chrifimas^ in a very great frbft, and coming before the
place, though Scomber g diicover'd the Confpiracy, and ap-
prehended t^o or three of the Officers ; yet the Soldiers,
which werei upon the Guards in fome out-Ports, declaring
chemfelves at the (ame rime, and receiving the SpanUrds^ he
was compeird to make Conditions, and to give up the place,
that he might have liberty to march away with the reft.

This Service was of very great importance lo xhcSpant^
ardsj and no lefs detriment to the French^ and confequently
ive great Reputation to the Earl; who then came to the
jng at Bruges^ and faid all that he thought fit of Don Juan
to the King, and amongft the reft, "That Don Jnan advifed
« his Majefty to fend fome difcrcet Perfons to Madrid^ to fbl-
"licite his Affiiirs there; but that he did not think thePer-
** fbn he had defign'd to fend thither ( who was S"^ Harry de
Vic J that had been long Refident in Bruffels) " Would be ac-
« ceptable there. This was only to introduce another Per-
fon, who was dear to him, Sr Henry Bennet^ who had been
formerly in his Office when he was Secretary of State, and
bred by him ; and was now Secretary to the Duke of Tork ;
hut upon the Fadlions that were in that Family was fo uneafy
in his place, that he defired to be in any other Poft ; and was
about this time come to the King, as a forerunner to inform
■him of rhe Duke of York*s purpofe to be fpeedily with him,
being within few days to take his leave of the Court of France^
Benmet had been long a Perfon very acceptable to the King ; Hetbuims
and therefore his Majefty readily confented, that he (hould go •/''» /C'*?
to Madrid inftead of de Fie : So he returned with the Earl to '^^^^ "•
Bmffels^ that he might beprefented, and made known to D^kfi^^^y^
Juan ; from whom the Earl doubted not to procure particular /Snf Envp
recommendation. '« Madrid.

The time was now come that the Duke of York found it n* Dnkgrf
neceflary to leave Paris^ and fo came to the King to Bruges'^ York leMves
where there were then all the vifible hopes of the Crown of^^h^nd
&fg/and together; and all the Royal Ifluc of the late King, the ^^'j^J '*"

eiA TbeHiftory Book XV.

Priacers BfurieUs only excepted ^ for, beGdes the King and
his two Brothers, the Dukes of Tori and Glocefier^ the Prin-
ccfs Royal of Orange made that her way from Paris into
the Low Countries, and ftay'd there (bme days with her Bro-
thers.
ThtChMncei' Jy was at thls time that the King made che Chancellor of
E^^'iCltL' *^ Exchequer Lord Chancellor of Emg/anJ, S' Edward Hsr-
mUdeu^d ^^ ^ho was the laft Lord Keeper of the Great Seal, being
aaueelUr. lately dead at Paris. Now the King put the Seal, which he
had till then kept Himfelf, into the hands of the Chancellory
.which' he receiv'd very unwillingly : but the King firil em-
• ploy'd the Marquis of Ormond^ with whom his Majelty knew
ne had an entire Friendlbip, to difpofe him to receive it ;
which when he could not do ( he giving him many reafons,
besides his own unficnefs, why there was no need of fuch an
Officer, or indeed any ufe of the Great Seal till che King
Ihould come inco England -^ and ^^ That his Majefty found fome
^'eafe in being without fuch an Officer, that he was not trou-
** bled with thofe Suites, which he would be, if the Seal were
** in the hands of a proper Officer to be ufed, fmce every Body
^ would be then importuning the King for the Grant of Of-
^^'bi " ^^^^» Honours, and Lands, which would give him great vexa-
^ ** tion to refufe, and do him ^s great mifchief by granting. The
which when the Marquis told the King ) his Majefty himfelf
^ went CO the Chancellor's Lodging, and took notice of what the

Marquis had told him j and (aid, '^ l:le would deal truly and
*^ freely with him j that the principal reafon which he had al-
^^ Icdged againlt receiving the Seal, was the greatefl reafon that
^^ difpofcd him to confer it upon him. Thereupon he pulled
Letters out of his Pocket, which he receiv'd lately from Faris^
for the Grant of feveral Reverfions in Engiaud of Offices, and
of Lands ; one whereof was of the Queen's Houfe and Lands
of Oat lands, to the fame Man who had purchafedit from the
State; who would willingly have paid a good Sum of Mo-
ney to that Perfon who was to procure fuch a confirmation of
his Title ; the draught whereof was prepared at Lomdovy upoa
confidence that ic would have the Seal prefently put to it ;
which being in the King's own hand, none need, as they
thought, to be privy to the fccret. His Majefly told him alfo
of many other Importunities, with which he was every day
difquietcd ; and " That he faw no other remedy to give him-
"felfeafe, than to put the Seal out' of his own keeping, into
*' fuch hands as would not be importuned, and would help
** him to deny. And thereupon he conjured the Chancellor
^^ to receive that Truft, with many gracious pfromifes of his Fa-
^L ' vour and Procedlion. Whereupon the Eatl of Brifioly and
etary Nicholas^ uflng fikewife Their perfwalionSj he fub-

mitted

l^^^Q.,

Of the ReheUion, &c. 6is

micted to the King's plearure ^ who deliver'd the Seal to him
in the Council, in the chrifiwM time in the year 1657 ^ which
particular is only fit to be mention'd, becaufe many great Af-
kirSy and fome AltAations accompanied, though not attend*
ed upon it.

After fo long and fo dark a retirement in Cologne , the
King's stty coming into FUnders raifed the Spirits of his
Friends in EfBgUnd. And when they were aOTured that there
was a Treaty fign'd between his Majeily and the King of
^awy they made no doubt of an Army fufScient to begin the
bufinefe, and then that the general aflPedtions of the Kingdom
would finiQi it. The King, who had hitherto refhain'd his
Friends from expoiing themfelves to unneceflary dangers ,
thought it now nt to encourage them to put themfelves into '
fuch a pofture , that they might be ready to joyn with him
when he appeared ^ which he hoped the SpanUrd would en*
able him to do in the depth of Winter. Several Meflengcrs
were fent from England to afliire him, " That there was fo Traufaatmu
"univerfal a readinefe there, that they could hardly be per-^/''f
** fwaded to ftay to expedl the King , but they would begin p^^Jl ^
*^ the Work Themfelves : ^ they complain'd much of the Engiuil^fc.
backwardneft of thofe who were moll trultcd by the King, ■
and They again as much inveighed againll the raflinefs and
precipitation of the other, "That they would ruin themfelves,
« ancl all People who (hould joyn with them.

The King was much perplexed to diicover this diflem^
amongft thofe, who, if they were united, would find the
Work very hard ; and though he preferr'd in his own opinion
the judgment of thofe that were mod wary, yet it concem'd
bim to prevent the other fi-om appearing in an unfeafonablc
Engagement ; and therefore He fent to them, and conjured
them "To atiempt nothing, till he fent a Perfon to them, who,
*^ if they were ready, iliould have Authority enough to per-
*• fwade the reit to a conjundtion with them, and (hould him-
<^ felf be fit to conduft them in any reafonable linterprife.

The Marquis of Ormotgd h^id fi-ankly oflFcr'd to the King, w^«v/; w^..
"that he would privately go into England^ zT\d confer with '''' !**'''^*'*
" thofe who were moft forward; and if he found, that their '{;;^^^^
'^counfels were dlfcreetly laid, he would encourage them,mond'/5«-
" and unite all the reft to them , and if matters were not ripe, ;>(! hto
" he Would compofe them to be quiet ,- and there was no Man tnghnd
in England 2LSe^€d to the King's Service, who would not
be readily advifed by him. The Chancellor would by no
means confent to his Journey, as an unreafonable Adventure
upon an improbable deiign, feeing no ground to imagine they
could do any thing. But the Marquis exceedingly underva-
lued any ioMigination of danger ; and it cannot be conceived,

with

6i6 . TheHiflory Book XV.

with whftt fecuriey all Men ventured every day, in the height
of CromwilTs jealoufy and vigilance, to go into Engiand^ and
CO ilay a Month in Ltrndouj and return again. The King
confeoting to the Journey, the chief care was, that the Mar-
quis's abfence from Bruges might not create jealoiify, and dif-
courfe, '< Whither he ihould be gone. Therefore it was for
fome time difcourfed, " That the Marquis of Ormond was to
^ go into Germony to the Duke of NewSurgh ( who, was known
to have aftcdion for the King ) and " That he IJiouid fronl
*' thence bring with him two Regiments for the Service o?
*« his Majelty.

These difcourfes being generally made and believ'd the
Marquis took his Leave puWickly of the King, with his Ser-
• vants fit for fuch a Journey, who continued the Journey towards
Germany j fo that the Letters from Cologne to all places gave
an Accounf of the Marquis oionftond's being there; whilft
he himi'elf, with one only Servant, and O Neile ( who had en-
couraged him very much to that undertaking ) took the way
of Holland'^ and hired a Bark at Sckeveiin-, in which they
Embarked, and were fafely landed in Effex ^ from whence,
.^'i^ , wichou: any trouble, they got to* L/Qudon^ whilft the Parlia-
. ^ ' mcnt was ftill fitting. When he was there, he found means
to fpeak with molt of thofe of any condition upon whofe Ad-
vice, and Intercft, the King moft depended, and againft whofe
potitive Advice his Majefty would not fuft'er any thing to be
rke temper ^tempted. That which troubled him rooft was to difcover
heftmid^ a jealoufy, or rather an Animoficy between many of thofe
the Kj.ni's ^j^Q equally wilh'd the King's Reftoration, to that degree,
jne.i s i/K jj^^^ jj^^y would neither confer nor corrdpond with each other.
They who had the moft experience, and were of the greateifc
reputation with thofc who would appear when any thing was
to be done, but would not expofe themfelvcs in Meetings or
Correfpondencies before,complain'd very much of "The rafti-
"nefs of the otiier, who believed any Officer of the Army
" that pretended difcontent, and would prefently defire them
*' to communicate with fuch Perfons ; which becaufe they re-
" fuled ( as they liad reafon ) the others loaded them with re-
^' proaches, as having lolt all aflfedtion and zeal for his Majefty's
*' Service. They protelted, " That they could not difcover
" or believe that there was any fuch preparations in readinefs,
" that it could be counfellable to appear in Arms againit a
** Government fo fortified, and eftablilhed, as the Protedtor's
^ fecm'd to be : that it was probable the Parliament might
*^not comply with CromweWs defiresj and then there was
^ fuch a difcovery of Malica between feveral Perfons of po-
" tent Condition, that many advantages might be offered to
j^ the King's Party : if they would have the patience to attend

« the

of the ReheUion, Sec. 617

**tiic event, and till, thofe Fa^ions fhould be engaged in
** blood, tt)ey might be fure to itdvgncc die King^s loccreit iii
« difpoiing of themfelves ; bat if they fhould engage, before
^ (iich a time, ip any InAirredion, or by feiling ibme infigni-
**ficant Town, all difleming Parties would be reconciled, till
^* the King's Friends (liouid ail be ruin'd, though they might
^^ afterwards return to their* old Animoiicies. In a word, .
though they appeared vety wary, they declared fiich a refigna-
" tion to the King's pleafure, ^ Thar, if the Marquis were fa-
^tisfied, upon his conference with other Men, Ihat the time
" was ripe for their appearance in Arms, they would prcfently
^ receive his Orders ; and do what he (hould require, how ua-
<<fucces6iliy foever.

O N the other fide, there were many younger Men, who,
having had no part in the former War, were impatient to fliew
thdr courage and afiedion to the King. And thofe Men, be-
ing acquainted with many of the old Officers of the late Kii^s
Army, who faw many of their old Soldiers now in Cr^frnveti^B
Army, and found them to talk after their old manner, con-
cluded that they would all appear for the King, aflfoon as they
iiiouid fee his colours flying. Thefe Men talking together,
would often difcourfe, how eafy a thing it would be, with
two Troops of Horfe, to beat up fuch a Quarter, or feUe fitch
ft Guards and then thofe Men confulted how to g^ chole
Troops, and found Men who had lilted fo many, which would
be ready upon call. There were always in thefe Meetings
fome Citizens, who undercook for the afic^on of the City ^
and fome of thefe made little doubt of feifing upon the Tower.
And truly the putting many Gentlemen's Sqns as Apprentices
into the City, (ince the beginning of the TrouUes, had made
a great alteration, at leaft ta the general talk o^that Petjpie.
ic was upon this kind of Materials, th^it many honeft Men
did buikt their hopes, and upon Ifeme afluranccs they h^d
from Officers of the Army, who were as little to be depended
upon.

There was another particular, which had principally
contributed to this diiiemper, which pafling from hand to hand
had made Men impatient to be in Arms ; which was an opi-
nion, that the King was even ready to land with (lich an Army
as would be able to*do his buHaefs. This had been difperi'e^
by foroc who had been font lixprefles into Flanders -^ who,
though they always lay conceal'd during the time they waited
for their dilpatches from the King, yet found fome Friends
and acquaintance about the Court, or in their wav, who ti^oughc
they did the King good fervice in making his Majedy be
thought to be in a g<x>d condition^ and fo fiird thofe People
with fuch difixxirfes, as wouM make tfaem molt welcome whea
dscyrdmmU Wh&m

6i8 TheHiftory Book XV.

When the Marquis had taken the full furvey of all that

was to be depended upon, he conjured the warmer People to

be quiet, and not to think of any Afiipn till they (hould be

infallibly fure of die King's being landed, and confirmed the

other in their warinefs j and being informed that Cromwell kne^^

of his being there, and made many fearchcs for him, he thought

The iddrquu it time to retum. And fo about the time that the Parliament

Mums •M was diflolv'd , he was conduced by D"* §luartermaine^ the

•/England, king's Phy(ician, through Sujjex'^ and there Embarked, and

fafely Traiifported into France y from whence he came into

Flanders,

This gave the Occaflon ^o Cromwell to make that difcourle
before mentioned to the Mayor and Aldermen oil^fimdonj of
the Lord Marquis of Ormond's having been three Weeks ia
the City ; of which he had rcceiv'd perfedt Intelligence bom
a hand that was not then in the leail; degree fufpedied, nor
was then wicked enough to put him into Cromwell^ hand^
which he could ealily have done ^ of which more fliall be faid
^hereafter. But when the Protedor was well allured that the
*Marquis was out of his reach, which vexed and grieved him
Crftinweil c^^ceedingly, he cauled all Perfons, whom he knew had, or he
s^reifMdt thought might, have fpoken with him, to be apprehended.
fitH^Pcr* All Prifons, a$ well in the Country as the City, were fiU'd
with thofe who had been of the King's Party, -or he believ'd
would be ; and he thought this a neceOary feafon to terrify
his Enemies, of all conditions, within the Kmgdom, with Spe-
ctacles which might raorrify them.

1 N the preparations which had been made towards an In-
furredtion, many Pcribns in the Country, as well as in the
City, had received Commiflions for Regiments of Horfe and
Mr sta- Foot ; and, amongit the reft, one Mr Stapiey^ a Gentleman of
p?«-y'j En- a good extraction, and a good fortune in the County oisujjex^
f^rZe'^ whofe Mother had been Sifter to the Earl of Norwich^ but his
^nl^ Father had been in the Number of the blackeft Offenders, and
one of the King's Judges. This Son of his, who now poflef-
kd his Eftate, had taken great pains to mingle in the Com-
pany of thofe who were known co have aficdion for the King;
and, upon all occafions, made profedions of a defire, for the
expiation of his Father's Crime, to venture his own life, and
his Fortune, for his Majefty's Rcftoration; and not only his
Fortune, but his Intereft was confiderable in that Maritime
County : fo that Many thought fie to cherilh thofe Inclina*
tions in hjm, and to encourage him to hope, that his fidelity
might delerve to enjoy that Eftate, which the Treafon of his
Mr Mor- Father had forfeited.

'^JI^^ There was a young Gentleman, John Mordauntj the

Bjj^ younger Son, and Brother, of the Earls oiFeUrioronghy who,

WL having

Of the Rehelliofty &c. 619

having been to young coo be engaged in the late War, during
which time he had his Education in France and Itafy^ was
now of Age, of Parts, and great vigour ofmind^ and netvly
married to a young beautiful Lady ot a very Loyal Spirit, and
notable vivacity of Wit and Humour, who concurred with
him in all honourable dedications of himfelfi. He refolv'd to
embrace all opportunities to ferve the King, and co difpofe
thofe upon whom he had influence, to take the fame i-efolu-
tion ; and being allied to the Marquis of Ormand^ he did by
him inform his Majefty of his refolution, and his readinefs to
receive any commands from him. Thiis was many Months
before the Marquis's Journey into England.

M'Stapley was well known to Mr Mordaimt^ who
had reprefented hisafifedtions to the King, and how ufeful he
might be towards the poflefling fome place in Suffex^ and hia
undertaking that he would doio, by a Letter to the King un-
der M' Stapley's own band : and thereupon Mr Afortlaumt de-
iired, that his Majefty would' fend a Commidion for the Com*
mand of a Regiment of Hoffe to him ; which he would pro-
vide, and caufe to be ready againtt the feafon he (hould be re-
quired to appear : which Uommiffion, with many others, was
lent to M*^ Mordaunt ^ and he deliver'd it to Mr Stapley ^ who *
was exceedingly pleafed with it, renew'd all his Vows and
Proteftations ^ and it is dill believ'd that he fleally meant all
he pretended. But he had truded fome Servant, who be-
tray d him ; and being thereupon fent for by CromweO^ his
Father's fatt old Friend, was by him fo cajoled by promifes
and by threats, that he was not able to withftand him j but ^r staple^
believing that he knew already all that he ask'd him, he con- difccvtrt
ceal'd nothing that he knew nimfclf ; informed him of thofe »**' *'
of the fame CxMintry who were to joyn with him ; of whom p'^*''
fome had likewife receiv*d Commiflions, as well as himfelf^ and
in the end he confefled, ^Thathe had received his Commiffioa
"from M'A/tfr^/tfirarr's own hand. Before this difcovery Mr
M^rdatmt bad been fent for by Cromwelly and very fit i£tiy ex-
amined, whether he had feen the Marquis o^Ormond during
his late being in London \ which, though he had done, often,
he very confidently and pofitively dented, being well affured
that it could not be proved , and that the Marquis himfelf
was in fafety : upon'wnich confident denial, he was difmifled
to return to his own Lodging. But upon this difcovery by uir ^or-
SiafUy^ he was within two days afcer fent for again, and com- daunc (k'tftl
mitted clofe Prifbner to the Tower; and new Men were*»?*^j^«~-
cvery day fent for, and committed in all Quarters of the JJ^'^vJr*
Kingdom; and within fome time after, a high Courtof Ju-
itice was ereded for the Trial of the Prifoners, the Crimes
of none being yet difcover'd ; which put all thofe who knew

how

6io The Hiftory Book XV.

how lyable they theinfelves were^ under a terrible Confterna-^
tion.
Hr Mor- Before this high Court ofjultice, of which J^hn Lifle^
lUunt ; Sr who gave his Vote in the King's blood, and continued an en-
5 ^]mdDr ^'^ Gonfidenc and Inftrumenc of cromwelis was Prefident j
Swet, rr;! tbcrc werc firft brought to be tried, John Mordavnt \ S"^ Harry
•i btfwe « Slm^sky^ t Gentleman of a very ancient Family, and of a vqy
h^h Cturt ample Fortune in Torkjhire j and D^ Hewet , an eminent
•fjufiict, pj[czcher in LomJony and very Orthodox, to whofe Church
thofe of the King's Party frequently jjL-Torted, and few but
thofe. Thefe three were totally unacquamted with each other ^
and though every one of them knew enough againfl himfelf,
they could not accufe one another,if they had been inclined to it.
The firit and the laft could not doubt but that there would be
evidence enough againft them ; and they had found meaiis to
correfpond fo much together, as to refolve that neither of
them would plead to the Impeachment, but demur to the Ju-
rifiJiaion of the Court, and defire to have Council aOign'd
to argue againft it in point, of Law; they being both foffi-
ciently inftrudled, how to urge Law enough to make it evi-'
dent that neither of them could be legally tried by that Courr^
and that it was eredted contrary to L^w. The nrft that was
brought to tryal, was M>^ Mordaunt. After his Arraignment,
by which he fcXind' that the delivery of the Commiffion to
Stff/ey would be principally inGfted on, and which he knew
might too eafily be proved, he, according to former refohi-
tion, refilled to plead Not-guilty; butinfifted, "That by the
^Law of the Land he ought not to be tried by that Court;
for which he gave more reafons than they could anfwer; and
then defired, '' That his Council might have liberty to argue
**thc point in Law; which of courfe ufed to be granted in all
Legal Courts. But he was told, <<That he was better to bethink
•^himfelf; that they were well fatisfied in the Legality of their
^ Court, and would notfuffer the Jurifdidion of it to be dif'
" puted ; that the Law of England had provided a Sentence for
" I'uch obftinatc Perfons as refufed to be tried by it ; which
** waSj that they (hould be condemned as Mutes ; which would
^be His Cafe, if he continued refraftory : fo he was carFied
back to the Tower, to confider better what he would do the
next day. S^ Harry Siingslfy was call'd next. He knowing no-
thing of, or for the other refolution, pleaded Not-guilty ; and
fo was fent to the Prifon to be tried in his turn.D' Hftre/, whofe
greatefl Crime was collecting and fending Money to the Kin^
oefides having given Money to fomc Officers, refufed to plead,
as Mr Mordaunt had done, and demanded that his Council
^^^^ nigfat be heard ; and received the feme anfwer,and admonition^.
^Bfc^lbat the other had done ; and was remitted again to Prifon.
M^Kt> TuofG

Of the Rehelliony &c. 6it

Those Courts feldom conGfted of fewei: than twenty
Judges ; amonglt whom, there were ufually fome, Who, ouc
of pity, or for Money, were indin'd to do good Offices to the
Priloners who came before them- at leaft to communicate
fuch Secrets to them, as might inform them what would be
moft prefled againd them. \A^ Mordaunf^ Lady had, by Themednr
giving Money, procured fome in the number to be very pro-^w^^fe Mr
ptius to her Husband : and in the Evening of that day the ^'^2*!?' •
Tryal had been begun, (he received two very important ad-';!^/^ *"*
* vices from them. The one, « That (he Ihould prevail with
^' her Husband to plead; then his Friends might do him fome
*^ Service : whereas, if he infifted upon the point of Law, he
** would infallibly fufler, and no Man durft fpeak for him.
The other, *^That they had no fufficient proof to condemn him
*^ upon any particular with which he ftood charg'd, but only
*^ for the delivery of the Commiffion to StafUy^ond that there
" was to that point, bcfides Stapley , one Colonel Mattorj^
*' whofe teftimony was more valiued than the other's. This
MaUory had the reputation of an honefl: Man, and lov'd M'
Mordaunt very well, and Was one of thofe who were princi-
pally trufted in the buQnefs of SuJ/ix , and had been appre-
hended about the fame time that stafley was; and finding,
upon his firtt Examination, by the Queftions adminilter'd to
him by Thurlow^ that all was difcover'd, he uHwatily con-
fcfTed all that he knew concerning Mf Mor daunt ; haying been
himfelf the Perfon principally employ^ between him afad
Staplej. He was brought in Cuftody from the Tower, to
give in Evidence againlt Mf Mordaunt^ with an intention
in the Court, after he had done that good Service, to pro-
ceed as ftridlly againft himfelf, though they protnifed hirifi
indemniry.

The Lady, having clear information of this whole matter,
could not find any way that Night to advertife her Husband,
that he fhould no more infiit upon the wantof JurifdidtiorX
in the Court. For there was no poflibility of fpeaking with,
or fending to him, during the' time of his Tryal. Therefore
(he laid afide the thought of that bufmefs till the Morning,
and pailed the Night in contriving how MaUory might be pre-
vailed with to make an Efcape; and was fo dextrous, and fo
fortunate, that a Friend of Hers difpofed the Money flie gave
him fo eflciihially, that the next Morning, when Mallory was
brought to the Hall to be ready to give in his Evidence, he
found fome means to withdraw from his Guard, and When he
was in the Croud he cafily got away.

She had as good fortune like wife to have a little Note (he
writ concerning the other Advice, put into her Husbands
hand^as hejpaifcd to the 6ar; which having pcrufed, he de-

Vol.IIL Parcx. ' Sf parted

6xx The Hiftory Book XV.

parjed from his former relblucion ; and after he had modeftly
urged the fame again which he had done the day before, to
^nd time« and the Pre(kient,in much choler, aniweringas he
bad done, ne fubmicted to his Tryal ^ and behaved bimrelf
with Courage ^ and eafily evaded the greaceft part of the £vi.
dence they had againft bun ^ nor could they find proof, what
prefumption (bever there migfit be, that he had fpoken with
the Marquis of Orm^ndy and ne evaded many other partial*
lars of his correfpondeoce with the King, with notable Ad-
drefs. That of the Commiffion of St af ley was refer v'd to the
laft } md the CommiOion being produced, and both the hand
aikt theSgnet generally Iqiiown, oy reafon of fo many of the
like, whid) had fallen into their bands at Worcefler^ and bf
many otho: Accidents, M*^ Siapley was called to declare where
he had it ; and feeing bimfelf^conironted by Mr Mordmumty
though be did, after many queftions and reproaches from the
Council that profecuced^ at laft confels that he did receive it
from Mr Mordaunf ^ yet he did it in fo diforderiy and coQ-
fufed a mailQer, that ic appear'd he had much rather not have
faid it : and anfwer'd the Queftions Mr Mwdaunf asked him
with that eonfufion, that his Evidence could not be iatisf**
dlory to any impartial judges. Then MaU»y was call'd fcMr;
but by no (earch could be found ^ and they could not, by
their own Rules, defer their Sentence. Aiid it fo fell out by
one of thejudgc's withdrawing upon a fuddain fit of the Stone,
that the Court was divided , one half for the Condemning
him, and the other half that he was not Guilty ; whereupon
the determination depended upon the (ingle Vote of the Pre-
lident ; who made fome excuies for the Jullice he was about
to do, and acknowledged many obligations to the Mother of
« the Prifoner, and, in contemplation thereof, pronounced him
Innocent for ought appear'd to the Court. There was not in
CromwelTs time the like InAance ; and (tarce any other Man
efcaped the Judgment, that was tried before any High Court
^ of Juftice. And he was fo offended at it, that, contrary to
all the forms ufed by themfelves, he caufed him to be kept
for fome Months after in the Tower, and would willingly
have brought him to be tried again. For, within a day or
two after, Mallory was retaken, and they had likewife cor-
rupted 2l French tn2in^ who had long ferv'd him, and was the
only Servant whom he had made choice of ( fince he was to
be allow'd but one ) to attend him in the Prifon : and he had
difcover'd enough to have taken away his Life feveral ways.
But the (candal was fo great, and the Cafe fb unheard of,
that any Man, difcharg'd upon a publick Tryal, ihould be a-
gain proceeded againft upon new Evidence for the fame Of-
^oce, that crmweU himielf thou^t not fit to undergo the

Reporach

OftheRehelltony &c. 6i%

Keproach of it, but was in the end prevail'd with to fet him
ac liberty. And he was very few days at liberty, before he
embarked himfeif as frankly in the King's Service as before,
and with better Succefs.

S I R Hsrry Siingshj^ and poor Dr Hewet had worfe for* Sir Harry
tune -y and their Blood was the more thirited after for the siingsby
other's Indemnity; and the Court was too fevercly repre* ^•"^"""*''^
hended, to commit the fame &ult again. The former had
lain two years in Prifon in HuU^ and was brought now up to
the Tower, for fear they mieht not difcover enough of any -
new Plot, CO make fo many rormidable iixamples, as the prc-
fent conjuncture required. They had againit him Evidence
enough ( befides his incorrigible Fidelity to the Crown from
the fit (t afTaulting it ) chat he had contriv'd and coptrai^d
with fome Officers of HuU^ about the time that the £arl of
R9chejier had been in Torhjhire two years before, for the de«
livery of one of the Block-Houfes to him for the King's Ser-
vice : nor did he care to defend himfeif againit the Accufation ;
buc rather acknowledged, and juftified his A3e£Uon, and
own'd his Loyalty to the King, with very little compliment,
or ceremony to the Prefent Power. The other, D^ Hewet^andbcfftr

him ) and being brought to the Bar aflbon as the other was
remov'd from it, perfiited in the fame rcfoiurion, and fpoke
only againit the illegality of the Court ; which, upon better
Information, and before the ludgment was pronounced a-
gainit him, he defired to recraai, and would have put himfeif
upon his Tryal : but they then rcfiifed to admit him ; and fo ^'^ ^'•*
Sentence of death was pronounced againit them both ; which ^J^f' ^^^'f**^-
thev both underwent with great Chriitian Courage.

Si r Harty sUngshj^ as is faid before, was in the fir ft Rank ^ndcdtat
of the Gentlemen ot Tork-fhire -^ and was return 'd to ferve as Si*^''^"'^
a Member in the Parhament that continued fia many years j '°^* ^'
where he bxc till the Troubles begun ; and having no rela-
tion to, or dependence upon the Court, he was fwav'd only
by his Confcienoe to detelt the violent and undutinil beha-
viour of that Parhament. He was a Gentletnan of a good un-
dcritanding, butofa very melancholick Nature, and of very
few words: and when he could ftay no longer with a good
ConTcicnce in their Councils, in which he never concurred,
he went into his Country, and joyn'd with the firft who took .
upArms for the King. And when the War was ended, he
remain'd ftill in his own Houfe, prepared and- difpofed to run
the Fortune of the down in any other Attempt. And hav<>
inga good Fortune aJMl a general Reputation, had agrcsirer

... Sf I Influ-

6i^ The Hi/lory Book XV^

Influence upon the People, than Thisy who calked more and
louder^ and was known to be irreconcilable to the new Go*
vernment^ and therefore was cue pS, notwithftanding very

Catlntcrcefliontopreferve him. For he was Uncle to the
rd FalcofiMdgB y who engaged his ^iit and all his new
Allies to intercede for him' without e&dl. When he was
brought to die, he fpent very little time in difcourfe; but told
them, <' He was to die for being an honeit Man, of which he
« was very glad. : . i • . .

.AniffDr Dr H £ w E T was bom a Gentlemtan, and bread a Scholar,
Hewec. and was a Divine before the beginning of the Troubles. He
liv'd in Oxfordy and in the Army, till the end of the War,
and continued afterwards to preach with great applaiife in a
little Qiurch in London : where by the afie(%on of the ?«-
riflty he was admitted, (ince he was enough known to be no-
torioufly under the brand of Malignity. When the Lord FaU
cuninridge married CromweWs Daughter (who had ufed fecret*
ly to frequent his Church ) after the ceremony of the time.
He was made choice of to marry them according to the or-
der of the Church ; which engaged both that Lord and Lady,
to ufe their ucmolt credit with the Protedor to preferve hvs
Life j but he was inexorable, and defirous that the Church-'
men, upon whom he looked as his mortal enemies, . (hould
fee what they were to trutt tOy if they Xtood in need of his
Mercy.

It was then believed that, if he had pleaded, he might

have been quitted, fince in truth he never had been with the

King at Cologne or Bruges ; with which he was charged in his

Indidtment; and they had blood enough in their power to

pour out; for, befides the two before-mention'd, to whom

CoUnei Afh- ^^^J granted the favour to be beheaded , there were three

ton. And others, Colonel Ajhton^ Stacy, and Bettely^ condemn'd by the

Stacy dni feme Court ; who were treated with more feverity ; and were

^"^y> hanged, drawn, and quartered, with the molt rigour, in fe-

ctnd^n'd v^^^ &^^ Streets in the City, to make the deeper impreffioh

and extent* upon the People, the two lalt being Citizens. But all Men

fd, appeared fo naufcated with blood, and fo tired with thofe abo-

mmable Spedtacles, that Cromwe/hhxxi%bz it belt to pardon the

reft who were condemn'd, or rather to reprieve them; a-

mongft whom Mal/ory was one ; who was not at liberty till

the King's Return ; and was more troubled for the weaknefs

he had bsen guilty of, than They were iagainft whom he had

irejpaflcd.

Though the King, and all who were faithful to him,

were exceedingly. afHidted with this bloody proceeding, yet

Crofmrell did not fcem to be the more conhrm^d in his Ty- .

1^^ ranny. It is true, the King's Party was the more difpirited;.

^k. but

A.

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 6zs

but CrdpyweB found another kind of Enemy much more dan- Cromwell
gerous than they, and that knew better now to deal with-^^^.^_
him in his own way. They who were raifed by him, and J^^hg'
who had raifed him, even almofl: the whole Body of Se&mcsiscffaries.
Anabaptifts, Independents, Quakers, declar'd an implacable
hatred againft him ^ and whiilt they contrived how to raiie a
power to contend with him, they hkewife enter'd into feveral
Conspiracies to Aflaflinare him ^ which he exceedingly appre*
hended. They fent an Addrefs to the King by one of the.Par- ^^ ^Addref$
ty, a young Gentleman of an honourable &[t ration, and P^^^^^Jl^,
Parts, by whom they made many extravagant Propofitions, ,, theKjn^.
and fecm'd to depend very much upon the death oiCromwtB^
and thereupon to compute their own power to ferve the King ;
who gave uich an Anfwer only to them, as might difpofe them
to hope for his fevour, if he received fervice from them ; and
to believe that he did not intend to perfecute, or trouble any
Men for their Opinions, if their Adions were peaceable 5
which they pretended to aflfed:.

Since the Spirit, Humour, and Language of that People,
and, in tmth, of that time, cannot be better defcribed and re-
prefented, than by that Petition and Addrefs, which was ne^ .
vcr publilhed, and of which there remains no Copy in any
hand, that 1 know of, but only the Original, which was pre^
fented to the King ( ic being too dangerous a thing for any
Man who remained in England^ to have any fuch tranfcript in
his Cuftody) it will not be amifs in this place to infert the Pe-
tition and Addrefs in the very words in which it was pre-
fented to his Majelty, with the Letter, that accompanied it
from the Gentleman mention'd before, who was an Anabap-
tift of fpecial Truft among them, and who came not with the
Petition, but expeflred the King's pleafure upon the receipt of
it; it being fent by an Officer who had ferv'd the King in an
eminent Command, and was now gracious amongft thofe Se-
ftaries without fwerving in the lead degree fi'om his former
Principles and Integrity : for that People always pretended a
jufl: efteeq and value of all Men who had faithfully adhered
to the King, and liv'd foberly and virtuoufly. The Addrefs-
was in theic words. ,

To his moft Excellent Majefty^ Charles the Second j KingP'^ ^<^reft
of great Britain, France, a$ul Ireland, and the J^omi^ '' Z^'-^'
nions thereunto telonging.

. "The humble Addrefs of theSubfcribers, in the behalf of
" themfelves, and many thoiifitnds more, your Majefty's
<< moft humble and faithful Subjedis.

*^ May it pleafe your Majefty,
*^ W H E N We fit down, and recount the. wonderful and un-

Sfj «t«»4.

6i6 TheHiftory Book XV.

'^ heard of Difpeniations of God atnongll Us, when We call
5' CO our retnembrances thp Tragical Adions, and Tranfa&i'k
*< onjf of thcfe late times, when we ferioufly coniider the dark
^ and roylterious efiedh of Providence, the unexpefted dif-
'' appointment of Coun^ls, th^ (trange and ilrong Convul**
^fioos of State, the various and violent Motions and Common
^' tions of the People, the many Chan^ngs, Turnings^ and
^fOvierturningsofGovemdurs, and Governments, which, in
*^ the Revolutions of a few years, have been ^oduced in this
^ Lanid of Miracles, We cannot but be eveA Iwallowed up in
^ AftoniQiment^ and are conllrain'd to command an unwtl«
^^ ling^ Silence upon our fbmetimes mutinous, and over-inquir-^
.^ing Hearts, refolving all into the good Will and Pleafurc of
^ that Alldifpo(ing One, whofc Wifdom is unfearchable, and
^ whofe Ways are paft finding out.

But although it is, and We hope ever will be, far from
f ' Us, either peevillily or prefumptuouOy to kick againft the
** irrefittable Decrees of Heaven, or vainly to attempt, by any
*'£iint and infirm de(igns cf Ours, to give an interruption to
^ that Over-ruling Divine hand, which ttcers, and guides, go^
^^ vems, aud determines the Afi^rs of the whole World; yei
f< We cannot but judge ic a Duty highly incumbent upon Us,
^to endeavour, as much as in \J^ lies, to repair the breaches
•*of Our dear Country. And, fince ic is Our lot (We may
^ fay our unhappinefs) to be embark'd in a Shipwrack'd Com-
** mon-wealth ( which, like a poor weather-beaten Pinnace,
*' has, for fb long a time, been toffed upon the waves and bil-
** lows of Fadtion, fplit upon the Rocks of violence, and is
" now almoft quite devoured in the Quick-fands of Ambi-
** tionj what can We do more worthy of E3»g/^»-Mcn, as We
" are by Nation, or Qichrifiians^ as We are by Profeffion, than
" every one of Us to put our hand to an Oar, and to try if it be
" the Will of Our God, that fuch weak Inftrumcnts as We,
^ may be, in any meafure, helpful to bring it at laflr into the
^ fafe and quiet Harbour of Juftice, and Righteoufnefs?

" To this Undertaking, though too great for Us, We are
« apt to think Our fel ves lo much the more Itrongly engaged,
** by how much the more We are fenfible, that as our Sins have
f* been the greateft Caufes, fo bifr many follies and impru-
** dences have not been the leaft means of 2iving both birth and
" growth to thofe many Miferies and Calamities, which We,
*^ together with Three once moft FlouriQiing Kingdoms, do ac
"this day fadly grown under.

"It is nor, the Lord knows, it is not pleafing unto Us,
<^ nor can We believe it wiU be grateful to your Majetty, that
<^ We Ihould recur to the beginnings, rife, and root of the late
^^unhappy difiereoces betwixt your Royal Father and the

"Par-

Of the ReheUion^ &c. 6i7

<< Parliament. In fuch a difcouife as this, We may feem, per-
*< haps, rather to go about to tnake the Wounds bleed afrefh,
<< than to endeavour the curing of them : yet forafmuch as
*^ We doprofefs, that We come not with Corrofivcs but with
*^ Balfoms, and that our defire is not to hurt but heal, not to
** pour Vinepar but Oyl into the Woundsj We hope your N4i-
'* jefty will give \J$ leave to open them gently, that We may
'* apply readies the more aptiy, and difcover our own palt
^* errors the more dearly.

'^In what pofture the Affidrs of thefe Nations {lood| be^
^^ fore the noiie of Drums and Trumpets difturbcd^the (weet
^ harmony that was amongft \39y is not unknown to your Ma-
" jcfty : that We were bleftwith a long Peace,and together with
^^ it, with riches, wealth, plenty, and abundance of all things,
*^the lovely companions and beautiful produces of Peace ^
^ mull ever be acknowledged with thanknilnefs to God, the
*' Author of ir, and With a grateful veneration of the Memory
** of thofe Princes, your Father, and Grandfather, by the pro-
" pitious Influence of whofe care, and Wifdom, We thus flou-
*' rifh'd. But, as it is obferv'd in Natural Bodies, idlenefs and
** flilnefs of Diet, do for the moft part lay the foundation of
'< thofe Maladies, and fecretlv nourifh thofe difeafes^ which
^* can hardly be expell'd by tne afliitance of the molt skilful
*^ Phylician, and feldom without the ufe of the moil Idathfome
*^ Medicines, nay fometimes not without the hazardous tryai
^ of the moll- dangerous Experiments j fo did We find it, by
^^ fad experience, to be in this great Body Politick. It cannot be
^denied, but the whole Common-wealth was faint, the whole
*' Nation fick, the whole Body out of order, every Member
^^ thereof feeble, and every Part thereof languilhing. And in
^'thisfo general, and univer&l a diHemper, that there fliould
^^ be no weaknefi dor infirmity, no unfoundnefs in the Head,
^' cannot well be ima^n'd. We are unwilling to enumerate
^' particulars, the menaon whereof would but renew old griefs,
*' but, in general. We may fay. and We think it will gain the
^* eafy aflait of all Men, tnat tnere were many errours, many
<^ defers, many excefTes, many irregularities, many illegal and
*' excentrical Proceedings ( fome of which were in matters of
^< the higheft and greateft Cmcemments) manifeflhr appearing
<' as blots, and iuins, upon the otherwife good uovcrnment
** of the late King. That thefe proceeded from the pravity of
*< his own difpofition, or firom Principles of Tyranny radicated
^<and implanted in his own Nature, We do not fee how it
<< can be aflerted, without apparent injurv to the truth ; it be-
<' ing confeQed, even by his mod peeviin Enemies, that He
*^ was a Gentleman, as of the moll ftrongand perfedl Intel-
^ le£hial8, fo of the beft and pureft Morals^ of any Prince that

Sf^. •*cver

6iS This Hiftory Book XV.

^* ever fway'd the B^gUJh Scepter. This the then Parliament
'^ beipg fendbleof, and defirous, out of a Zealcheyhadio.cbe
Y' Honour of their Soveraign, to difperfeand difpelthofe ^iack
'^ Clouds that were contraded about, him, that he might
" fhine the more glorious in the beauty of his own Luftrq
^' thought themfelves cngag'din Duty toendeavoui^toredeeiBj
'^ and refcue him, from viden( and ftrong impuUes of bis
^^ evU Counfellors ; who did Captivate him at their pleafiirei
*^ to their own corrupt Lults, and did every day thruO: him
^^ into A<^ons prejudicial to himfelf, and deftrudtiy^ to the
" common Good and Safety of the People.

^* U p ©"N this Account, and to this, and no other end, were
*^Weat firft invited to take up Arms j and though .We, hav«
^^too great caufe to conclude from what We hav^ (ince (een
^^afied, that, under thofe plaulible, and gilded pretences of
*^ (liberty and Reformation, there were fecretly managed the
^^ )ielli(h deGgns of wicked, vile, and ambitious Perron3 (whom
'^ though then, and for a long time after, concealed, Provi-
** dcQge, and the Series of things, have fince difcover'd to
^^\}s) yet We blefs God, that We went out in ihefimplicity
^^ of our Souls, aiming at . nothing more but what was pub^
<^ lickly own'd in the fiice of the Sun ^ and ^at We were to
'^far n-om entertaining any thoughts of cafting offour A^e«-
*^ giance to his Majefty, or extirpating his Family, that Wc
*^ had not the leait intentions of fo much as abridging him of
'* any of his juft Prerogatives, but only of retraining thofe
^^ excefles pf*^ Government for the future, which were nothing
** but the Excrefcence of a wanton Power , and were more
*' trqly to be accounted the burdens, than ornaments,, of his
*^ Royal Diadem.

*' Thes E things, Sir, We are bold to make recital of to
*^ your Majefty j not that wc fuppofe your Majeity to be igno-
** rant of them, or that We take delight to derive the Pedi-
*^ grec of our own, and the Nations Misfortunes ^ but, like
*'poor wilder'd Travellers, perceiving that We have lolt our
'^ way. We are neccllitated, though with tired and irkfome
*^ (teps, thus to walk the fame ground over again, that We may
^^difcover where it was that Wc tird turn'd afide, and may in-
^' fticutc a more profperous courfe in the progrefs of our Jour-
^* xwj. Thus far We can fay VVe have gone right, keeping the
*' rode of Honefty and Sincerity, and having as yet done no-
^' thing but what Wc think We are able to judify, not by thofe
*' weak and beggarly Arguments, drawn either from fuccefs,
'^ which is the (ame to the juft and to the unjuft, or from the
^^ filence and fatisfadiion of a becalm'd Confcience, which is
^^ more often the cfiedt of blindnefs than Virtue, but from the
*' fure, fafe, found, and unerring Maxims of Law, Juftice, H^a-
, ^^fpn, andRighteoufnefs. ' ' "Ibf

Of the ReheUiofty 8cc. 6i^

•*1n all the reft of our Motions ever finite to this very day,
^* We muft confefs, We have been wandering, deviating, and
^^ roving up and down, this way and that way, through all
5' the dangerous , uncouth , and uncroden Paths of Fhana-
"tick arid Enthufiaftick Notions till now at lalt, but too
^* late, We find our felves intricated and involved in fo many
** Windings, Labyrinths, and Mxanders of Knavery, thatno-
^^ thing but a divine clew of thread handed to Us from Hea-
** ven, can befufficient to extricate Us, and reltorcUs. We
** know nor. We know not, whether We have jufter matter
•^of fluuDC or forrow adminifter'd to Us, when We take a re-
** flex view of our paft Actions, and confider into the com-
'^ miflion of what crimes, impieties, wickcdnefles, and unheard
**of Viilanies, We have been led, cheated, coufen'd, andbe-
^* tray'd, by that Grand Impoftor, that loathfome Hypocrite,
*' that deteftable Traytor, that Prodigy of Nature, that oppro^
^' ^r;i>»» of Mankind, that Landskip of Iniquity, that Sink of
**Sin, and that Compendium ofbafenefs, who now calls him-
**felfourprotedtor. What have We done, nay, what have
** We not done, which either hellilh Policy was able to con-
*' trive, or brurifli power to execute ? We have trampled ua-
*^ der foot all Authorities ; We have laid violent hands upon .
** our own Soveraign j We have ravilh'd our Parliaments ;
**Wehavedeflour'd the Virgin Liberty of ourNatiop; We
** have put a yoke, an heavy Yoke of Iron , upon the Necks
*^ of our own Country-men j We have thrown down the
" Walls ajid Bullwarks dF the People's fafcty ; We have bro-
" ken often-repeated Oaths, Vows, Engagements, Covenants,
" Proteftations ; We have bctray'd our Trufts ; We have vio-
•^ lated our Faiths ; We have lited up our hands to Heaven
<< deceitfully , and that thefe our Sins might want no aggra-
'^vation to make them exceeding Gnful, We have added Hj^
^^ pocri(y to them all^ and have not only, like the audacious
^* Strumpet, wiped our Mouths, and boafted tkat We havB
^^ done no evily but in the midft of all our abominations ( fuch
<« as are too bad to be named amongft the worft of Heathens)
*' Wehave not wanted impudence enough to (ay,Let the Lord
** be glorified : Let JcfusChrift be exaked : Let his Kingdom
** be advanced : Let the Gofpel be propagated : Let the Saints
^' be dignified ; Let Righteoufnefe be eftablifli'd : Pudet kac
*' efffobria Nobis aut dki potrnffe, mtt »»n fotuiffe refeUi.

"Will not the Holy One oflfiaei vifit ? will not the
'^ Righteous One punifh ? will not He who is the true and
^^ faithfiil One, be avenged for fuch things as thefe ? will He
<< not, nay has he not already, come forth as a fwifc witnefs
^'agaiDftU5?has he not whechis Sword? has he not bent
f' bis Bow? has he not prepared his Quiver? has he not al-

" ready

630 TheHlftory Book XV.

^^ ready begun to (hoot his Arrows at Us ? who is fo blind as
^ not CO fee that the hand of the Almighty '\% upon Us, and
^that his Anger waxes hotter and hotter againft Us? how
<' have our Hopes been blafted ? how have our lLxpe^ftd6ns
^^ been difappointed ? how have our Ends been fruftrated ? All
" thofe pieafant Gourds, under which We were ibmeciines
¥^ folacin^ and careding our felves, how are they perKh'd in a
^^ mocDent ? how are they withered in a Night ? how are tfaey
^ vaniQi'd, and come to nothing ? Righteous is the Lord,' and
^' righteous are all his Judgments. We have (own the Wind,
^^ and We have reap'd a NYhirlwiod, We have fown- Fidiofl,
*f:and Wc have reaped Confufion \ We have fown^Fillv, and
^ Wc have reap'd Deceit : when we look'd for Liberty, behold
^S Slavery ; when Wc expcdlcd Righceoufnefs, behoM Oppref-
f^ fion \ When Weibught for Juftice, behold a Cry, a great, and
>^ a lamentable Cry throughout the whole Nation.
': *'£very. Man's hand is upon his Loins, every one com-
>^ plaining, (ighing, mourning, lamenting, and faying, I am
'^ pain'd, I am pain'd, painaiid anguilh, and forrow, and t^f-
^' plexity of Spirit has taken hold upon me, like the pains' of
•<< a Woman in Travail. Surely We mav take up the lameiits-
^ tion of the Prophet concerning this tne Land k£ our Nat!-
<< vity< How does EPgUnd fit&litary ? how is Itie become
« as a Widow ? (he. that was great amongfl: the Nations, add
^^ Phncefs among the Provincea, how is (he now becotne tri-
**but^ ? fhe weepcth fore in the Night 5 her Teara are on
** her Checks ; amonglt all her Lovdrs (lie hath none to com-
" fort her ; ali her Friends have dealt treacheroufly with her,
** they arebecome her Enemies 5 (he lifceth up her voice in
<5 the Streets, ftie cryeth aloud in the Gates of the City, in the
<• places of chief Concourfe, (he fittetb^ and thus We hear her
<^ wailing and bemoaning her Condition ; Is it nothing to you,
«* all ye that pais by ? behold, and fee if there be any forrow
<Mike unto my (orrow, which is done unto me, wherewith
f^ the Lord hath afflidted me in the day of his fierce Angef.
<« The Yoke of ray Tranfgreflions is bound by his hands, they
<< are wrcath'd, and come up upon my Neck \ he hath made
•«my ftrength to fall, the Lord hath deliver'd me into their
f ^ hands from whom I am not able to rife up. The Lord hath
<< troden under footaU my Mig^y Men in the midd of me;
<' he hath caird an Afiembiy to crufti mv young Men; ' he hath
«' troden me as in a Winc-prefs; all that pafe by clap their
<' hands at me, they hifs and wag their Heads at me, faying. Is
«« this the Nation that Men call the perfcftion of Beauty ? the
<« joy of the whole Earth? all mine Enemies have opend their
<« Mouths againlt me, they hifs and gnaih their teeth ; they
« hy , We have fwallow'd her ujp ; certainly this is the

'^ day

Of the Rehellion, &c. 631

*' day that We looked for, We have found, We have feea
•Mt.

*'How arc our Bowels troubled? how are our Hearts
*^ fedned ? how are our Souls afflifted, whillt We hear the
" groans, whilft We fee the defolation of our dear Country?
*Vitfitieth Us, irpitierh Us, that Sion Ihould Ive any longer
** in the duft. Bur, alais / what fhall We do tor her in this
"day of her great Oilamity? We were fomecime wife to pull
"down, but We now want arc to build j We were inge-
" nioiis to pluck up^ but We have no skill to plant j We were
*' ftrong to deftroy, but We are weak to ijeftore : whither
** fliaJl We go for ne)p ? or to whom fhall We addrefs our
*' feives for Relief? if We fay, Wc will have recourfe to Par-
** liaments, and They fhall fave Us j behold, they are broken
^^ Reeds, Reeds fhaken with the wind. They cannot favQ
«' Themfelves. If We turn to the Army, and lay. They ar^
** Bone of our Bone andFlclh of our Flelli,it may be Theywill
•*8t laft, have pity upon Us, and deliver Us; behold. They
'^ are become as a Rod of Iron to bruife Us, rather than a ftan'
*^ of Strength to fupport Us. If We go to him who hath trea-
*< cheroufly Ufurped, and does Tyrannically excrcife an unjult
"Power over Us, \and fay to him, free Us from this Yoke,
** for it opprcffcth Us, and from thcfe Burthens, for they arc
** heavier than either We are, or our Fathers ever were able
** to bear; behold, in the Pride and Haughtinefs of his Spirit,
*^ he anfwers Us, You are Fadlious, you are Factious ; if vour
^' Burdens are bwvy, 1 will make them yet heavier ; If I nave
" hitherto chaftifed you with Whips, 1 will henceforward cha-
**lK(e you with Scorpions.

"Thus do We fly, likePatridges hunted, from Hill to
" Hill, and from Mountain to Mountain, but can find no reft j
*^ We look this way, and that way, but there is none to fave,
" none to deliver. At laft We begun to whifper, and but to
*• whifper only, among our feives, faying one to another, why
^< fhouid We not return to our firit Husband? furcly it will be
" better with Us then, than it is now. At the firft flarting of
** this Cijeftion amongft Us, many doubts, many fears, many
** jealouiies, many fufpicions did arife withm Us. We were
'* Confcious to our feives, that We had dealt unkindly with
<^ him, that We bad treacheroufly forfaken him, that We had
** defiled our feives with other levers, and that our filthincfs
" was ftill upon our skirts : Therefore were We apt to con-
'* elude, if We do not return unco him, how can he receive Us?
** or if he does receive Us, how can he love Us ? how can he
" pardon the injuries We have done unto him ? how can he
'^ forget the unkindnefs We have fliewn unto him in the day
^'ofhisdiftrefs?

«We

6zx The U'tlio'ry Book XV.

'^We muft confcft (for We come not to deceive your
' " Majefty, but to fpcak the truth in fimplicityj that thefe c6w-
^'ardly Appreheofions did, for a while, make fome ftrong tm-
^'preliions upon Us; and had almoft frighted Us out of our
^ newly conceived thoughts of Duty and Loyalcy . But it was
'< not long before they vanifh'd, and gave place to the more
*' Noble and Heroick confiderations of Common Good, Pub-
•Mick Safety, the Honour, Peace, Welfare, and Profperity^ of
^ thefe Nacions \ all which. We are perfwaded, and do nfid,
^though by too late Experience, are as infepArably, and as
'^ naturally bound up in your Majefty, as heat in fire, or iighc
'Mn the Sun. Contemning therefore, and difiiaining, the
^mean and low thoughts m our own private Safety ( whidi
*^ We have no caufe to difpair of, having to ded widi fo
''good aod to gracious a Prmce) We durft not allow of any
'^longer debate about matters of Perfonal concernment ; but
'* did think our felves eng^ed in Dutv, Honour, and Con-
'^ fcionce, to make this our humble Addrefs unto your Ma«
**jel[ly, and to leave our felves at the feet of your Mercy:
*^ yer, left We ihould feem to be altogether negligent of that
'^ hrft Good, though iince diftK>n6ur'd> Caufe, which God has
^'fb eminently own'd Us in, and to be unmindful of the Seoi-
^ rity of thofe, who, together with our felves, being carried
'^ away with the delufive, and hypocritical pretences of wicked
*'and ungodly Men, have ignorantly,' not malicibufly, been
^^ drawn into a concurroice with diofe Adtions which may
^ render them juftly obnoxious to your NJajefty's indignation,
*' We have prefum'd in all humility to ofter unto your Ma-
•* jefty thefe few Propofitions hereunto annexed^ to which if
*' your Majefty fliali be pleafed gracioufly to condefcend, We
**do folemnly proteft in the prefehce of Almighty God, be-
•' fore whofe Tribunal We know We muft one day appear,
" that We will hazard our lives, and all that is dear unto Us, for
** the reftoring, and rQeftabliQiing your Majefty in the Throne
*' of your Father; and that We will never be wanting in a
** ready and willing compliance to your Majefty's Commands
*' to approve our telves,

*'Your Majefty's

" Moft humble, moft faithful,

" and moft devoted Subjeils and Servants,

W' Howard. John Wildman,

"Ralph Jennings. John Aumigeu.

Eda>' Fenkaruan, Randolph Hfdwortt,
John Hcdworth. Thomas

John Sturgion. Rich, Reymlds,

«Thb

I

OftheRehelliortydicc. 6gg

« The earaeft dcfires df the Subfcribers, in all humility pre- r^fnf^
<<fented to your Majefty in thefe following Proposals, inj^^^:
«« order to an happv, fpeedjr, and well grounded Peace in "«*«^*»»^-
" thefe your Majefty's Dominions.

I. *' Forasmuch as the Parliament, call'd and cQnven'd
** by the Authority of his late Majefty your Royal Father, ia
<* the year 164.0, was, never legally Diflblv'd, but did conti-
<^nue their Sitting until the year 1648. at which time the
^Army, violently and treafonably breaking in upon them^
^ did, -and has ever fince given a continued Interruption to
" their Sellion, by taking away the whole Houfe of Lords, and
^' fecluding the greateft part of the Houfe of Commons, it is
* therefore humbly defired that ( to the end We may be efta-
^ bliih'd upon chQ ancient ba(is and foundation of Law ) your
^ Majefty would be pleafed, by publick Proclamations, auoon
^ as it ihall be judged feafonable, to invite all thofe Perfons, as
**well Lords as Commons, who were then Sitting, to return
^to their places j and that your Majefty would own them
^^rfo convened and met together) to be the true and lawful
** Parliament of England,

z.^That your Majefty would concur with the Parlia-
^ ment in the Ratification and Confirmation of all thofe things
"granted, and agreed unto by the late King your Father, at
** the laft and fatal Treaty in the Hie of Wight j as alfo in the
*^ making and repealing of all fuch Laws, Ai^s, and Statutes,
^^ as by the Parliament ihall be judged expedient and neceflary
^to be made, and repealed, for the better fecuring of th^ jult
^and natural Rights and Liberties of the People, and for the
^ obviating and preventing all dangerous and deftru(2ive ex-
" cedes of Government for the future.

3. **FoRASMUCH as it cannot be denied, but that our.
«' Lord and Saviour Jefus Chrift, by his Death and Refurre-

. ^ i^idik has purchafed the Liberties of his own People, and is
<* thereby become their fole Lord and Kipg, to whom, and to
<< whom only, they owe Obedience in things ^Spiritual ^ We do
« therefore humbly befeech your Majeftyj that you would en-
«gage your Royal Word never to ered, nor fuflper to be
^^eFofted, any fuch Tyrannical, Popifh, and Antichriftian -
"Hieracy (Epifcopal, Presbyterian, or by what name fo-
«<dver it be call'd) as (hall affome a power oyer, or impofea
^yoke upon, the Confciences of others: but that every one
•*of your Majefty's Subjedls irtay hereafter be left at liberty
« to worfliip God in fuch a way, form, and manner, as (hall
^appear to them to be agreeable to the mind and will 'of
** Chrift, revealed in his word, according to that propdr-

* ^ tion, or meafufe of faith and knowledge which they have
*^j?bciBivU ' 4. ^Foi^Af-

^34. TheHiftorjf Book XV.

4. ^^FoRASMUCH as the Exaction of Tithes is a burdeo
^^ under which the whole Nation groans in general, and the
** People of God in particular, We would therefore crave
^ leave humbly to ofier it to your Majefty's confideration,
*^ that, if it be pollible, fome other way may be found out for
^^ the maintenance ot that whiclf is call'd the National Mi-
^niflry; and that thofe of the feparated and congregated
^Churches may not ( as hitherto they have been, and ftillare)
^< be compelled to contribute thereunto.

5*. << F o R A s M u c H as in thcfe times of Licence, Confii-
^(ion, andDiforder, manyhoneft, godly, and religious Per*
^fons, by the crafty- devices and cunning pretences of wicked
^ Men, have been ignorantly, and blindly led, either ioco
<< the commiflion of, or compliance with many vile, illegal, and
<' abominable Actions, whereof they are now aflumed, Wcf
^^ do therefore moit humbler implore vour MajeAy, chat an
^^ Ad of Amnelty and Oblivion may oe granted for the pai>-
" doning, acquitting, and difcharging, all youc Majefty's long
^^ deceiv d, -and deluded Subjedis, from the guilt and impuQH
<* tion of all Crimes. Treafons, and Ofiences whatfoever, cook
^ mitted or done by them, or any of them, either a^unft
'^ your Majefly's Father, or your ielf, fiiice the beginning of
<< thefe unhappy Wars, excepting only fuch who do adbererc^
" that ugly Tyrant, who calls himfelf Prote&or, or who, in ju-f
Edification of His, or anv other Intereft, (hall after the pub^
^^lication of this h& of Grace, continue and perfevere iatbeiir
•* difloyalty to your Majefty.

The Gentleman who brought this Addrefs, and th^
wild Propofitions, brought likewife with him a particular^
Letter to the Kin^ from tne Gentleman that is before deicri-'
bed j upon whofe temper, ingenuity, and intcrelt, the Md^
ienger principally depended, having had much acqqaint^e
and converfation with bim^ who, though he was an iUia*
baptift, made himfelf merry with the extravagancy and m«d<-
nefs of his Companions ; and told this Gentleman, ^ Xhas>
^' though the firft Addreis could not be prepared but WHh»
E thofe Demands, which might fatisfy the whole Party, and*
^^ comprehend all that was defired by any of them, yet if the
E King gave them fuch an encouragement, as might difpofe*
^them to fend fome of the wifeitofthem to attend his Ma**-
"jefty, he would be able, upon conference with them, to
E make them his Inffrumen^s to reduce the refl to more mo--
^^ derate defires, when they (hould difcern, that they migjit-
" have more protection and fccurity from the King, thait
E from any other Power that would ailumc the Govemmept*
The Letter was as followeth. > >

I .•.***

"Atoy

OftheReheHiotty^c. 6is

^ May it pleafe your Majefty,

^.^T I M E> the great dUcoverer of all thiogs, has at lad \m^7be tetter
^^iDask'd thedifguiied deOgns of this Myiicrious Age, and ^« ^^« .^'»r
« made that obvious to the dull fenfe of Fools, which was be- ^1^^^*
*' fore viliblc enough to the quick-lighted prudence of Wife ^'efs,
<' Men ) vm* that Liberty j Religion , and Reformation, the
'^ wonted Engines of Px^itlcians, are but deceitful baits, by
^^ which the eSily deluded Multitude are tempted to a greedy
^^ purfuit of their own ruin. In the unhappy number of the(e
^^ Foolj^ I muit confefs my felf to have been one ^ who have
^^ nothii^ more now to boaft of, but only that, as I was not
^^ the firft was cheated, fo I was not the lalt was undeceiv'd ;
^'having long iince, by peeping a little ( now and then, as I
<< had opportunity ) under the Vizard of the Impofter , got
^^ fuch glimpfes^ though but imperfed ones, of his ugly face,^
^^conceal'd under the painted pretences of Sandtity , as made
^^ me conclude, that the Series of Afiairs, and the revolution
^< of a few years, would convince this blinded Generation of
^^ their Erorrs ; and make chem afirightedly to (hrt from Him^
<^ as a prodigious piece of Deformity, whom they adored and
^^ reverenced as the beautiful bnage of a Deity.

*' N Q R did this n;iy expectation fail me : God, who glo-
'^ries in no Attribute more than to be acknowledged the
'< Searcher of the inward parts, could no longer endure the
<^bold Affronts of this audacious Hypocrite^ but, to the .
^^aftonifbment and confiiiion of all his Idolatrous worfliippera,
<< has by the unfearcfaable wifdom of his deep-laid Counfels^
^^ lighted fuch a Candle into the dark Dungeon of his Soul,'
^^ that there is Aooefb blind who does not plainly read Trea-
c^ chery , Tyranny , Perfidiou&efs, Diflimulatton , Atheifm ,
'' Hypocrify, and all manner of Villany, written in large Cha-
^^ racers on his heart; nor is there any one remaining, wha
<( dares open his mouth in jullification of him, for fear of in-*
^ earring the deferv'd Charader of being a profefled Advocate
^ for all Wickednefs, and a fwom Enemy to all Virtue.

"This was no fooner brought forth, but prefently I con-
** ceiv'd hopes of being able, in a fliort time, to put in pra-
<< £tice thofe thoughts of Loyalty to your Majeity, which had
^Mong had entertainment in my breaft, but till now were
" forced. to feek concealment under a fecming conformity to
"the iniquity of the Times, A fit opportunity of giving birth
^^ to thefe ddGgns, was happily adminidcr'd by the following
"occaiion.

"Great was the rage, and juftrhe indignation of the
"People, when they firifc found the Authority of their Par-
'^ liameoc fwallow'd dp in the new Name of a Protedtor ;

"greater

#

6^6 TheHi/iory BookXV.

** greater was their fury, and upon better grounds, when they
^ obferv'd that, under the filent, roodeft, and flattering Title
^ of this Prote&or, was fecretly afliimed a Power more ab-
^ folate, more arbitrary^ more unhmited, then ever was pre-
^ tended to by any King. The Pulpits ilraightways found
^ with Declarations , the Streets are fiU'd with Pafquils and
^< Libels, every one exprefles a dereltation of this Innovation
^ by publick Invedtives, and all the Nation, with one accord,
<< feems^t once to be infpired with one and the fame refolu-
^ tion of endeavouring valiantly to redeem that Liberty, by
^ Arms and Force, which was Treacherouily ttohi from them
*^ by Deceit and Fraud.

"When they had for a while exercifed themfelves in to*
^ multuary difcourfes ( the firft cSk&& of Popular difcontencs )
^ at length they begin to contrive by what means to firee
^^ themfelves from me yoke that is upon them. In order
^hereunto, feveral of the chieteft of the Malecohtents enter
<^ into confultations amongfl themfelves ^ to which they were
<^ pleafed to invite and admit Me. Being taken into theii*
^Councils, and made privy to their Debates, I thought ic
^ my work to acquaint my felf fiiUy with the tempers ,
^ inclinations , dilpofitions , and principles of them ^ which
^(though all meeting and concentring in an irreconcU-
<^able Hatred and Animofity againft the Ufurper ) I find (b
^ various in their ends, and fo contrary in the means condu-
^ cing to thofe ends, chat they do naturally fall under the dt-
^^ftindtion of different Parties. Some, drunk with Enthu-
*' fiafms , and befotted with Phanatick notions, do allow of
^^ none to have a fliare in Government belides the Saints ^ and
^^ thefe are called Chriftian Royalifts^ or Fifth Monarchy- Men '^
*• others violently oppofing This, as deftrudive to the Liber-
" ty of the Free-born People, Itrongly contend to have the
^' Nation govern'd by a continual Succeflion of Parliaments,
" confitting of equal Reprefentativcs ; and thefe ftyle them-
*^ felves Common-Wealths-Men. A tliird Party there is, who
^finding, by theobfervationofthefe times, that Parliaments*
^^ are better Phyfick than food, feem to incline mod to Mo-
^' narchy, if laid under fuch reltridtions as might free the Peo-
" pie from the fear of Tyranny j and thefe are contented to
*' fuffer under the opprobrious Name of Levellers ; to thefe
*^did I particularly apply my felfj and after fome few days
*^ conference with them in private by themfelves apart, I was
" fo happy in my endeavours, as to prevail with fome of them
** to lay alide thofe vain and idle prejudices, grounded rather
"upon paflion than judgment, and return, as their duty en-
" gaged them, to their obedience to your Majefty. Having
«» proceeded thus far, and gain'd as many of the chief of them

" whom

Of the ReheUiofiy Sec. ^37

" whom I knew to be Leaders of the re&y as coilld fafcly
" be iotrufted with a bu(inefs of this nature (the fuccefs where-
** of does principally depend upon the fecret management of
"it) I thought I had nothing more now to do, but only to
'^ confirm and eftablifh them, as well as 1 could, in theit in-
** fant Allegiance, by engaging them To far in an humble Ad-
^^ drefs unto your Majefty, that they might not know how to
^' make either a fafe or honourable Retreat.

" 1 muft leave it to the Ingenuity of this worthy Gentle-
^^ man, by whofe hands it is conveyed, to make -anfwer to
^^ any fuch objediions as may perhaps be made by vour Ma-
^^jcityy either as to the matter or manner of it. Tnis only I
^' would put your Majefty in mind of, that they are buit young
** Profelytes, and are to be driven lento pede^ left, being urged
** at firft too violently, they fliould refilt the more rcfradto-
« rily.

*' A s to the Quality of the Perfons, I cannot fay they are
*^ either of great h amilies, or great Ettates. But this I am con-
** fident of, thar^ whether it be by their own virtue, or by thi
*• misfortune of the times, I will not determine, they are fuch
** who may be more ferviceable to your Majefty in this con-
"jundure, than thofe whofe Names fwell much bigger
** than Theirs with the Addition of great Titles. I durft noC^
^ undertake to perfwade your N^fty to any thing, beinjf
** ignorant by wnat Maxims your Counfels are governed ; but
** this I fliall crave leave to fay, that I have often obfcrv'd,*
^^ that a defperate game at Chefe, has been recovered after the
** lofs of the Nobility, only by playing the Fawns well j and
** that the Subfcribers may not be of the fame ufe to your Ma-
'^jcfty, if well managed, I cannot defpair, efpecially at fuctt
^' a time as this, when there is fcarce any thing but Pawn^
** left upon the board, and thofe few others that are left, may
<^ juftly be complained of in the words of Tacitus^ frejiniia ^
* tuta^ quhn vttera^ ^ pericuhfa malunt omnes,

** 1 have many things more to offer unto your Majefty, but
** fearing I have already given too bold a trouble, 1 Iliall de-
** fer the mention of them at prefent ; intending, aflbon as I
^* hear how your Majefty refcnts this Overnire, to wait upoa
** your Majefty in Perfon, and then to communicate that vhs,
** v^ce^ which I cannot bring within the narrow compafe of
^* an Addrcfs of this nature. In the mean time, if our Ser-
" vices fhall be judged ufefiil to your Majefty, I (hall humbly
^^defire fome fpeedy courfe may be taken for the Advance of
^ iooo Pound, as well for the anfwering the expe^tion of
** thofe whom 1 have already eng^ed, as for the defraying of
** feveral other neceflary expenccs,- which do, and win every
'< day inevitably come upon us in the profecution of our defign.
Vol. III. Part i. Tc •^What

^38 The Hiftory Book XV.

"What more is expedient to be done by your Majeily,
^' in order to the encouragement and latisfadtionof thofe Gen-
" tlemcn who already are, or hereafter may be brought over
*' to the afliftance of your Majefty's Caule and Interelt, I
"' [hall commit to the care of this honourable Perfon, who be-
'^ ing no ftranger to the compledlion, and conditution of thofii
" with whom i have to deal^ is able fufHciently to inform
^^ your Maiefly by what ways and means they may be laid un-
<< der the Itrongelt obligations to your Majelly's Service.

^Fo R my own part, as I do now aim at nothing niorei'
" than only to give your Majefty a fmall Eflay of my Zeal for,
•'^ and abfolute devotion to your Majefty, fo I have nothing
*' more to beg of your Majclty, but tnat you would be pleafra
** to account me,

" May it pleafe your Majefty, ^e.

The King believ'd that thefe diftempers might, in fome
conjunfture, be of ufe to him; and therefore returned the ge-
neral Anfwer that is mention'd before ; and ^' That he would
^^ be willing to confer with fome Perfons of that Party, trufted
" by the reit, if they would come over to him ; his Majefty
being then at Bruges : upon which that young Gentleman came
over thither to him, and remain'd fome days there concealed.
He was a Perfon of very extraordinary parts , ibarpnefi of
Wit, readinefs and volubility of Tongue, but an Anabaptiit.
He had been bred in the Univerfity of camMJgey and after-
wards in the Inns of Court ; but being too young to have
known the Religion, or the Government ot the precedent
time, and his Father having been engaged from the beginning
againft the King, he had fucked in the opinions that were
moft prevalent, and had been a Soldier in CromwelTs Life
Guard of Horfc, when he was thought to be molt refolved to
eftabliih a Republick. But when that Mask was pulled di\
he deteftcd him with that rage, that he was of the combinap
tion with thofe who refolved to dcftroy him by what way
foever ; and was very intimate with Syndercomhe. He had a
great confidence of the ftrength and power of that Party j and
confefled that their demands were extravagant, and luch ai
the King could not grant ; which, after they were once en-
gaged in blood, he doubted not they would recede firom, by
the credit the Wifer Men had amongft them. He returned
into England very well fatisfied with the King ; and did after-
wards corrcfpond very faithftilly with his profeflions; but
left the King without any. hope of other benefit fi:om that Par*
ty, than by their encreahng the faftion and animofity againft
Cromwell : for it was minifeft they expeded a good Sum of
prefcnt Money from the King^ which could not be in his
power to fupply. Whilst

I

Qfthe ReheUion^ 8cc. (J 39

Whilst thefe things were tranfaOii^, the King found
every day> that the Spsmisrds fo much dcipaired of his Caufe,
that they had no mind to give him any Alfifhnce with which
he might make an attempt upon E^/and^ and that if they
had been never fo well difpofed, they were not able to doit :
and therefore he refolv'd that he would nor, in a Country
that was fo great a Scene of War^ live unadhve and uncon-77;f i^x
cern'd: fo nis Majefty fent to Don Juan "That he would A"''" ^^»»'
^ accompany him in the Field the next Campagne, without [J*^" ^^^*
** expe<aing any Ceremony, or putting him to any trouble. « ^clZifd-
But the Sfaniards fent him a formal Mellage, and employed << vj htm
the Earl of Briftolio excufe them from confenting, oradmit- **'''«'''»
ting his Propofition, and to diflwade his Majefty from zSt&r "f'^p^'^'<^^
ing fo unreafonably expofmg his Perfon. They faid, "That* '^*'''^''
" they could not anfwer it to his Catholick Majclty, if they
"(hould permit his Majeftv, when his two Brothers were al-^
« ready in the Array, and Known to affeft danger fo much as
" they did, likewife to engage his own Royal Perfon^ which
** they politively protelted againft. And when they after-
wards (aw, that it was not in their power to reftrain him from
fuch adventures, whilft he remained at Brugesy which was
now become a Frontier by the Neighboui hood of JMardike^
and particularly that, under pretence of viiicing the Duke of
Tork^ who lay then at 'DunkirkiovaakQ fome attempt in thent^ /^v^j
Winter upon that Fort, his Majefty having notice, what night ff^y^^^ »«
they intended to aflault it, went lome days before to Dun^^'^^'^^^^P
kirky and was prefcnt in that A^ion, and fo near, that many 3iS.^^^"
were kill'd about him, and the Marquis of Ormondy who was
next to him, had his Horfe kiil'd under him: they were wil-
ling his Majefty Ihould remove to Bruffels j which they Would
never before confent to ^ and which was in many refpedis moft
grateful to him. And fo, towards the Spring, and before the 7)^^ j^Vir
Armies were in motion, he left Bruges j where he had received, Uaves Bra-
both from the Biihop and the Magiftrates, all poffible refpeft, g«;*»<< re-
there being at that time a Spaniard, Mark Ogniate^ Burgo-Ma- JT'^^V*-
fter, who, being born of an Engl^ Mother, had all imagio- thi^iJf
able duty for the King, and being a Man of excellent parts, Feb. i6j9.
and very dextrous in bufinefs, was very ferviceable to his Mar
jefty; which he ever afterwards acknowledged; and about
the end of Fehruaryy ifi the year by that Account idyS, he
went to Brujftlsy and never after returned to Bruges to refide
there.

H I s Majefty was no fooner come thither, but Don Alonxa

renew'd bis advices, and importunity, that he would make

d coniunftion with the Levellers. He had formerly prevailed

* With him to admit their Agent, one Sexhy^to confer with him ^

wlucfa his M^^fiy willingly confented to, presuming that

T t a Sexk^

640 TheHiftory BgokXV.

Uxbj might be privy to the Addrefs chat had been made to
him by the fame Party ^ which he was nor, though they that
fentthe Addreb well knew of his employment to the Sfrnm-
mrd^ and had no mind to truft him to ihe Kio^ at leaft not fo
Jin dcc9unt Coon. The Man, for an illicerare Perfon^ (poke very well,
#/ sexb/ and properly ; and uTed thofe words very well, the true mean-
MmdbhNg' ^g ^^^ fign^cation whereof he could not underftand. He
l9UMi9n. ^ been, m the bc^ioning, a Common Soldier of CrmmmMt
Troops, and was afterwards one of thofe Agitators who were
made ufcof to controle the Parliament; and had fo great an
Intereft in Cromwell j that he was frequently his Bed- fellow; a
fiuniliarity, he often admitted chofe to wnom he employed
in any great Trull, and with whom he could not fo fimly
converie, as in thofe hours. He was very perfedl in the Hi-
liory ol CromweWs diffimulacions, and would defcribe his Ar-
tifices to the life, and did very well underftand the temper of
the Army, and very much undervalue the credit, and intereft
of the Kmg's Party y and made fuch demands to the King, as
if it were in his power, and his alone, to rdtore him ; in
which D9M Alonzo concurred fo totally, thar, when he faw
that the King would not be advifed by him, he lent his Friend
Sixh into Spain to conclude there ; and, upon the matter,
wholely withdrew himfelf from fo much as viiicing the King.
And there need Qot be any other Charadter or ddcripcion of
theStupidicy of that Spaniardy than that fuch a Fellow, with
Che help of an Irifh Prieit, (hould be able to cozen him, and
make him to cozen his Maiter of ten choufand Piftoles ; for
he received not left than that m Blander Sy whatever elfe he got
by his Journey to Madrtd:^ which did not ufe to beoffinall
cxpcnce to that Court.

Nothing that was yet to come, could be more mani-
felt, than ic was to all difcerning Men, that the firft deOg^
the French Army would undertake, when they fliould begin
their Campagne, mult be the Siege of Dunkirk ^ without tak-
ing which, ^^r^/if would do them little good : befides, their
Contradtwith Cromwell was no Secret^ yet the Spaniards to-
taUv negledted making proviGons to defend it; being perfwad-
cd by fome Intelligence they always purchafed at a great rate,
to deceive themfelves, that the French^woxiXd begin the Cam-
Vte lilarijtiU pagne with befieging Cambray. In the beginning of the year,
dc Lcyde thc Marcjuis de Ijeydey Governour of Dunkirk, and the beft
v^V\ Officer they had, m all refpefts, came to Brufehy having fent
jhUUitifor Several Exprefles thither to no purpofe to foUicite for fupplies.
fkf^fiies for He told them, " That his Intelligence was infallible, that Mar-
ounkirk, <' (hal Turenne was ready to march, and that the French King
kM in vain. « himfcif would be in the Field to countenance the Siege of
^ Dunkirky which he could not defimd, if he were not iup. '

« plied

Of the Reheliion^ &c. 641

^ plied with Meo, Ammunition, and Vidiual ; of all whic±i
he flood in great need, and of neither of which he could get
fupply ; They telling him, " That he would not be befieged^
<^ that they were fure the French meant to attempt Camkray ;
which they provided the beft they could ; and bid him be
confident, "Thar, if he were attacked, they would reUeve
" him with their Army, and Fight a Battle before he fliould be
*'in danger. Being able to procure no other Anfwer, he re-\
.tum'd, and came to take his leave of the King as he went out
of the Town, and complain'd very much to his Majefty of their
Counfels, and deluding chemfelves with falfe Intelligence. He
-iaid, "He was goiirg to defend a.Town without Men, without
-^ AmnstmitioQ ,- and without Visual, againft a very ftrong
^* and Triumphant Army ; that, if he could havf: obtain'd Sup-
^ plies in any reafpnable degree^ he fhould have been able to
^' have entertained them fome rime 'iy but in the condition be
*^ was in, he could only lofe his Life there j which he was re-
^' foiv'd to do ; And fpoke as if he were very willing to do it j
and was as good as his word. .

With TN three, or four days after his return, the Vrencb Dunkirk
Army appeared before Dunkirk yvcA then the Spantard he-^/?'''^
liev'd it i and made what hafte they could to draw, their Army JJ~*
together, which was very much difperfed, fo that, before
they were upon their march, the trench had pertcdt^d their
Circumvalation, and rendered it impbflible to put any Suc-
cours into the Town. Now thev found it neceflary indeed
to hazard a Battle, which they nad proroifed to do, when
they intended nothing lefs. When the ipaniards. had taken
a full view of the pofture the Enemy was in, and were therer
upon to choofe their own ground, upon which they wbulilk':
be found, Den Juan^ and the Marquis of Carracena^ wl^.^
^eed in nothing elfe, refolv'd how the Army (hould bfS
ranged; which the. Prince of Conde difTwaded them firom; nePrina
and told them very exadlrly what the Marthal Turenne would o/c6nd^/
tlo in that cafe ; « And that he would ftill maintain the Siege, ^f'J'U^^^
** and give them likewife Battle upon the advantage of the ^^3^^**
"^^ grouAd ; whereas, if they would place their Army near ano- hearksn'df$.
"other part of the Line, they Ihould eafily have communica-
" tion with the Town, and compel the French to Fight with
"more equal hazards.

1 1* might very rfcafonably be faid of the Prince of c^^
and Mardial Turenney what a good Roman Hiftbrianfaid here-
tofore ofyugurtks2Ln6 Mariufy that ^^iniifdem caftris dsdicerfj
^^qus fofieain cenirarm fecere\ They had in tne (ame Ar-
" mies learned that Difcipline, and thofe Stratagems, which
" they afterwards pradlifed againft each other in Enemy Ar-
^ mies 3 and itwi» a wonderful, and a pleafant thing to fi%

T t 3 and

64A TheHtflorr Book XV.

and obferve in Attacks or in Marches, with what fbrefi^t
either ot them would declare what the &thcx would do : ai
Che Prince oiCond^ when the Armies march'd near, and the
SfMuiards would not alter their former lazy pace, nor chdr
reft at noon, would in cholar tell them, ^ If we do not mate
^ great hade to poflefs fiicb a Pafs ( which they never tbouglit
on Marfhal Turenn^ will take it, though it be much fiirt&r
'^from himj and would then, when they confider'd not what
he faid, advance with his own Troops to pofleft the plM^
even when the French were come in view^ and by fiich (eafim-
able foreGghts (aved the Spanilb Army from many diftrcflct.
.'And MaHhal Tmretme had the &me caution, and govem'd him-
ielf according as the Prince of Condi was in the Rere or Van
of the Army; and, upon the matter, only conGder'd where
He was, and ordered nis Marches accordinglv; of which theie
was a very memorable Inftance two years oefore, when the
Spani/h Army had Befieged Arras^ and when the Duke of
York was prefent with Marihal Turtnne, The Spanimrds bad
made themfelves fo very ftrong, that when the French ^cassj
came thither, they found that they could not compel them to
fight, and that the Town muft be loft if they did not force the
Line. . Marihal Ttfr^jMre, accompanied with the Dukeof r#ri,
who would never be abfent upon thofe occadGons, and fome
of the principal Officers, fpent two or three days in viewine
•the Line round, and obferving and informing himfelf cf ul
that was to be known, and riding fo near the Line very fre-
quently, that (bme of his Company were kill'd witliin much
Icfs than mufquet (hot. In the end, he call'd fome of the
jprincipal Officers, and faid, " He would, that day at nooq,
^ aflaulc the Line, at a place which he fliew'd to them ; whidi
the Officers wonder'd at: and laid, "It was theltrongeft
^ part of the Line ^ and that they had obferv'd to him, fliac
^^ the whole Line on the other fide was very much weaker}
to which the Marfhal replied^ ^^ You do not know who keeps
^' that Line , We ihall do no good there ; Mounfieur le Brhui
^ never deeps, and that is his Poft j but I will tell vou, what
^^ will fall outoQ the other fide ; for he had himfelf ftiarcb'd
in the Spanijh Army, and very well underftood the Qifloms
of ir. f-le told them then, " That it would be very long^ before
'< rhc Soldiers upon the Line, or the adjacent Guard, would
^' believe chat the French were in eameft, and that they would
^ in truith at that time of the d?iy afifault them ; but would think
^^ that they meant only to give them an Alarm : which the? •
^ were never warm in receiving : That when the Spanisrof
?* were convinced that the French were in earneft, in which
f^ time he fliould be got near their Line, they would fend to
f the Count oi Fuenf^lJatinny who at that tia^C of th^ day was

^ufually

Of the ReheUion, &CC. ,^^g

^ufually afleep, and his Servants would not be perrwaded to .
^< waken him in a moment : He would then fend for his
*' Horfc, and ride up to the Line j which when he ftw he
•^ would with fomehallc repair to the Arch- Duke's Tent;
'^ who was likewife at his Siefio^ and when He was awake,
^^ they would confult what was to be done , by which time, the
Marlhal faid, *< They (hould have done : And they did enter
the Line accordingly, and found by the Prifoners, that every
thing had fallen out as he had foretold. So the Siege was
raifed, the^/^iitn/xfied without making any refinance, lefc
their Cannon , Bag and Baggage behind them : only the
Prince of Condi^ was in fo good order upon the firft Alarm,
that when he heard of the Confiifion they were in, he drew
off with his Cannon* and lolt nothing that belonged to him,
and marched with all his Men to a place of fafety . 71, lu /,

Notwithstanding the advice which the Prince of J^'oim-
Omde had given, Don Juan was pofitive in his firfl: Kefolu- kirk,
tion. The Prince, not without great indignation, confented;
and drew up his Troops in the place they defired y and quick-
ly iaw all come to pals that he had foretold. 1'he Country
was mo(t inclofed, fo that the Horfe could not Fight but ia
fmall Bodies. The Eng/ifb Foot under Lockhart Charged die
Sfanijh Foot, and, after a good refiiiance, broke and routed
them : after which there was not much more refiftance on
that hdc, the Sfanipi Horfe doing no better than their Foot;
Our King's Foot were placed by ihemfelves upon a little ri- .
ling ground,and were Charg'doy the Frf»ri6 Horfe after the
Spawib Foot were beaten. Some of them, and the greater

Err, marched oS* by the favour of the Inclofures, there not
ing above two hundred taken Prifoners. The Dukes of r^rit
and Giocefter Ch^rg^d feveral times on Horfe-back ; and in the
end.,, having gotten fome Troops to go with them. Chared
the Englifb (whom, though Enemies, they were glad to fee
behave themlelves fo well ) and with great difficulty, and fome
blows of Mufquets , gpt fafe off But there was a rumour
fpread in the French Army, that the Duke of York was taken
Frifoner by the Engti/b^ fome Men undertaking to fay that'
they faw him in their hands : whereupon hiany of the French
Officers, and Gentlemen, refolv'd to fet him at Liberty, and
rode up to the Body of Englfjhy and looked upon all their .
Prifoners, and found they were misinformed ; which if they
had not been, they would undoubtedly, at any ha^iard, or dan-
ger, have enlarged him; fo great an afiedion that Nation
own'd to have for his Highnete.

T HE day beine thus loit with a greater Rout and Confii-
(ion than lofs otMen, Donjuan^ and the Marquis of o^r-
rscena^ who behaved tJiemfeJ ves in their own Perfons with .

T t 4. Courage

^44 'Thefiiflory Book XV.

Courage enough, were cx)ntenred to think better of the Prince
Duo Joan pf Cdnde^'s advice, by which they prefer v*d the beit part of the
Milftht Army, and retired to Jpres and FurntSy and the Duke of Tcrk
jLMtu re- to Newport^ that they might defend the reft when Dtmkiri
tins r# fhould be taken ^ whiich was the prefent butinefs of Marllial
Iprcf Turennei, who found the Marquis de Leyde refoiv'd to defend
it, notwithftanding the defeat of the Army ^ and therefore be
betook himfelf again to that work, ailbon as the Spanijb Army
tht yurqim was retired into failneis. The Marquis de Uydij when he
^Leyde faw there was no more hope of relief from Den Jurnn^ which
jjf^l^'s whilft he expeaed, he was wary in the hazard of his Men,
u repuifid , was now refoiv'd to try what he could do for himfelf : fo with
imdjUutt, is ftrong a Party as he could make^ he made a defperace Sally
upon the Enemvj who^ though he difordor'd them ^ were
quickly fo fecpnded, that they drove hio) back into the Town
with great lofs, after himfelf had rcceiv'd a wound, of which
he di^ within three days after. And then the Officers (ent
to treat, which he would not confent to whilft he livM. The
Marquis was a much greater lofs than the Town ; which che
Mafter of the Field may be always Mafter of in two Months
time at mod. But in truth the dearh of the Marquis was an
irreparable damage, he being a very wife Man, of great Eicpe^
rience, great Wifdom,. and great Piety, after his way^ inii>r
much as he had ian intention to have taken Orders in tha
Church J to which he was moQ: devoted.
l^'^l*/ Those in the Town had fair conditions to march to&
f^e^'d ' ^^"^^^9 ^^^^ ^^^Y flight not joyn with the Reliques of theif
widthe ' Army. The French King being by this time come to tto
French Camp With the Cardinal, enter'd the Town, and took poSef.
KSng deli' fion of it himfelf; which aflbon as he had done, he deliver'd
ii^Englilh ^^ into the hands of -Ltf^^&jrf, ^homCramweU had made Go-
* ' yemour of it. Thus the Treaty was performed between chem ;
and that King went prefendy to calak^ and from thence fent
the Duke oiCrequy together with Mancim^ Nephew to the
Cardinal, to Loniimy zo viCit Cromwell j wholikewife fentlua
Son in I^w, the Lord Falconhridgey to Calais^ to congratulate
with that King for their joynt profperity. And mutual pro-
feflSons were then renewed between them, with new obliga-
tions ^< Never to make Peace without each other's confent. -
When Don ywiwi had firft removed from Bruffelsy and the
Army marched into the Field, the King had rencw'd his dc.
Qre that he might likewife go with them, but was refufed with
the fame pofitivcnefs he had been before. His Majefty there-
upon refoiv'd that he would not ftay alone in Brujfehy whilft
au the World was in Adion ; but thought of Tome more pri-
^^ yate place, where he might take the Summer Air, and refrcih
jflHk fiimfelf durxog that Seafbn. He was the more confirmed in
JP^^: . . .• this

ii

Of the Rebellion^ &c. 6^S

this upon the News of the defeat of the Army near Dunkirk^
and the lofs of that place. So he remov'd to a Village call'd >

HochfiratiH ; where there were very good Houfes, capable to "^^ *^'*X
have rcceiv'd a greater Train than beiong'd to His Court. ^'J^hftJi-
Thither the King went about the Month of Auguji , the Vil- tcni» Aug.
lage lying upon the skirts of the States Dominions in Brahanty
and within five or fix Miles of BreJa^ fomecimes he tnade Jour-
nies, tncognstOy to fee places where he had not been before.

There a Man might have obferv'd the great difference
of the Condition, which the Subjeds in the States Dominions, '
even in the light and view of the other, enjoy above what
cfaeir Neighbours of the Sfanifh Territories are acquainted
with. HochftraUn is an open Village belonging to the Count
of that name, and hath enjoy'd very ample Privileges, the owner
thereof being one of thej;reate[l Nobles in the Duchy of Brs-^
hant. It is pleafantly &ated, many very good Houfes, and
the Mannor large of Extent, and of^ great Revenue. But by
reafbn that it is always a Horfe-quarter in the Wincer Seafon,
who ufe great licence, it is fo poor, that thofe good Houfes
have only Walls j fo that the People had not Furniture to fup-
plv thofe Rooms which were for the accommodation of thote
who attended the King, though they were fure to be very
well paid, and therefore ufed all the means they could to pro-
Cure it. But there appeared poverty in the faces and looks of
the People, good Grounds without any Stock, and, in a word,
nothing that looked well but the Houfes, and thofe empty
within : on the other Gde of a Line that is drawn (for a Man
may fet one Foot in the Dominion that is referv'd to the King
pfSpasH^ and the other in that which is aflign'd to the Holian^
thr) the Houfes, though not (landing lb thick, nor fo beauti-
ful without, clean, neat^ and well fumifliM within j very good
Linen, and fome Plate in every Houfej the Pppple jolly, well
cloathed, and with looks very well pleafed^ all the jSfoundi
and Land fully docked with all kind of Cattle, and, as if ii
were the Land of Gfi/heny the appearance of nothing but wealth^
and fertility, encompafled witn extreme barrennefs, and un-
conceiveable poverty. And they on the H^lianii fide, that lies'
equally open, and undefended, can fee the Spanijh Troops ex-
ercife all Licence upon their poor Neighbours of Hochfiraten ;
and yet the moft diublute among them dare not ftep into theiif
Quarters to take a Hen, or commit the leaft Trefpafs : fq
ilridly the Articles of the Peace are obferv'd.

Whilst the King fpent his time in this manner, about
the middle of Septemher^ the Duke of Tork^ who remained ftill
with the Troops at Newpart to defend that place, as Dem Jum^
and the reft, remain'd about 'Bwrncs and Bruges, fent an Ex-
prefi to the King to let him know, ^ Thgt the Letters from

64.(5 The Hi/lory Book XV.

T^ KL^ ^ EuglMudj and fome Paflcngers, reported confidently that
^Ht^^ ** Cromwell was dead ; which, there having been no News of
wtU W*^ his ficknefs, was not at firft ealily beiiev'd. But every day
de4uL» brought confirmation of it ^ fo that his Majefiy thought fit to
n, j^ give over his Country Life, and return'd again to BruffAs^
ntmriu r# that he might be ready to make ufe of any advantage, whicfa^
Brafleb Iq (hat conjun&ure, upon fo great an alteration, he might reft-
*^ **' (bnabiy expedl.

Crom- I T had been obferv'd in England^ that, though from the

Mvr^{' ^''^^^fion of the laft I'arliament, all things fcem'd to fuc-
fSwi^w ^^^^j ^^ home and abroad, to the Protcdtor's willi, arid his
km dtMth, Power and Greatnefs to be better eftablilh'd than ever it had
been, yet he never had the fame ferenity of Mind he had been
ufed to, after he had refiifed the Crown; but was out of
countenance, and chagrin, as if he were Conicious of not
having been true to hiinfelf ; and much more apprehenfiye of
danger to his Perfon than he had ufed to be. Infomuch as he
was not eafy of acccfs, nor fo much feen abroad ; and feem'd
to be in fome diforder, when his Eyes found any (Iranger in
the Room; upon whom they were dill fixed. When he ior
tended to go to Hampton Court ^ which was his prindpaj. de-
light and divcrfioi^ it was never known, till he was in the
Coach, which way he would go ; and he was itill hem'd in bv
his Guards both before and ^hind ; and the Coach ii> whicq
he went, was always thronged as full as it could be, with his
Servants who were armed; and he feldom return'd the fame
way he went; and rarely lodged two Nights together in ope
Chamber, but had many furnidied and prepared, to which
his own Key convey'd him, and thofe he would have with
him when he had a mind to go to Bed : which made his
fears the more taken notice of, and pubiick, becaufe he had
never been accuftom'd to thofe precautions.

I T is very true, he knew of many Combinations to afl&t

fiiute him, by thofe who, he believ'd, wifli'd the King no

Synd«r- good. And a good while before this, when he had difcover'd

comeV ^ the dcfign oi Syndercomey who was a very (lout Man, and one

Jh;n^ainfi ^Jjq j^j^j been much in his favoiir, and who had twice or

while feftn '^fice, by wottdcrful and unexpedted Accidents, been difap-

$hk, pointed in the minute he made fure to kill him, and had caufed

nim to be apprehended, his behaviour was fo refolute in his

Examination and Trial, as if he thought he (hould flill be able

to do it; and it was manifeH: that he had many more Aflb-

ciates, who were undifcover'd and as refolute as himfelf ; and

though he had got him condemned to die, the Fellow's car*

riage and words were fuch, as if he knew well how to avoid

I ^^ the Judgment ; which made Cromwell believe, that a Party

^j^-^ in th^ Army would attempt his refcuc ; whereupon he gave

Of the Rehellton^ &c. 64.7

iiv'idi charge, " That he (hould be carefully look'd to in the
*' Tower, and three or tour of the Guard always with him
^*day and night.

At the day appointed for his Execution, thofe Troops
CrBnmett was molt confident of, were placed upon the Tower-
Hill, were the Gallows were eredted. But when the Guard
cali'd Syndtrcome to arifc in the morning, they found him
dead in his Bed; which gave trouble exceedingly to Crantweli^
for bdides that he hopcd^ that at his death, to avoid the uc-
mofl rigour of it, he would have tonfefled many of his Con-
federates, he now found himfelf under the reproach of having
caufed him to be poyfon'd, as not daring to bring him to
publick Jultice : nor could be fupprcfs that Scandal. It ap-
peared upon Examination, that the night before, when he was
going to Bed in the prefence of his Guard, his Sifter came to
take her leave of him 3 and upon her going away, he put off
his Cloaths, and leaped into his Bed, and fai^, <^ This was the
^' lafl Bed he fliould ever go into. His Bodv was drawn by a
Horfe to the Gallows where he fliould have oeen hanged, and
buried under it, with a Stake driven through him, as is ufual
in the QsSe of felf Murderers : yet this Accident perplexed
CromvjeS very much ; and though he was without the particu-
lar difcovery which heexpedled, he made a general difcovery
by it, that he himfelf was noore odious in his Army than he
believ'd he had been.

He feem'd to be much afflided at the death of his Friend ^'^''j/
the Earl of ^^rw^*; with whom he had a feft Fncndfliip;'^;;^*-^
though neither their humours, nor their natures, were like. Md^ftiJ
And the Heir of that Houfe, who had Married his youngcft f^-/*/
Daughter, died about thcfiime time j fo that all his relation ^'•******
to, or confidence in that Family was at an end ; the other
Branches of it abhorring his Alliance. His Domeflick deliehts
were leflen'd every day : He plainly difcover^d that his Son
FalcmUfridge^s Heart was fet ujpon an Interefl; deltrudlive to his,
and grew to hate him perfeAly. But that which chiefly broke
his Peace, was the death of his Daughter cUiypole-^ who h2idrh9iiMtk
been always his greateft joy, and who, in her ficknefs, which </crom.
was of a nature the Phyficians knew not how to deal with,^JJ^
had feveral Conferences with him, which exceedingly per-^^j^J^Jft
plexed him. Though no body was near enough to hear the
particulars, yet her often mentioning, in the nains ftie endured,
the blood her Father had fpilt, made People conclude, thac
fhe hadprefented his woifi Adtions to his confideration. And
though he never made the lead fliew of remorfe for any of
thofe AAions^ it is very certain, that either what flie {aid, or
ber death, afieOed him wonderAiUy.

What--

^4.B TheUiftory Book XV.

Cromwell W H A T E v E R It was, about the middle of Augufiy he mu
feifed^nbj fcifcd Oil by a common tertian Ague, 'from which, hebe-
^^•^'*f "^ liev'd, a little eafc and divertifement at Hampton court would
"^ ' have freed him. But the fits grew ftrongcr, and his Spirits
' much abated : fo that he rctum'd again to White^Uslly when
his Phydcians begun to think him in danger, though the
Preachers, who pra/d always about him, and told God Al-
mighty what great things he had done for him, and how much
more need he had (till of his Service, declared as frorti God,
Chat he (hould recover : and he himfeif was of the fame mind,
, and did not think he fhotild die, tijl even the time that hit
HeappBtnts Spirits fail'd him. Then he deckred to them, " That he did
bit s»n Ri- ^ appoint his Son to fucceed him, his eldeft Son Rkbsrd^ and
chzrd his fo expired upon the third day of Stftemher i6y8, a day he
^'^TfVres '^°"S^^ always very propitious to him, and on which he had
slpwmb". ^'^'^<^^ triumphed for two of his greiitcft Viftories. And this
now was a day very memorable for the greateft Storm of Wind
The terrihg that had bcen ever known, for fome hours before and after
Surm on t':t his death, which overthrew Trees, Houfes, and made great
fime daj. Wrecks at Sea j and the Tempeft was fo univerfal, that the
cffedts of it were terrible both in France and Flanders, where
all People trembled at it ; for befides the Wrecks all along the
Sea-Coa(t, many Boats were caft away in the very Rivers;
"land within few days after, the circumttance of his death, tfaift
accompanied that Storm, was univerfally known.
Hii CtisTA' H 12 was one of thofe Men, quos vituperare ne himtci qui-
^fr. dem poffimty nifi ut fimul laudent ; whom his very Enemies

C(xild not condemn without commending him at the fame
time ; for he could never have done half that mifchief with-
out great parts of Courage, Induflry, and Judgment. He
mud have had a wonderful underlhnding in the Natures and
Humours of Men, and as great adexrerity in applyitig them ;
who, from a private and obfcure birth (though ofa good
Family; without Inrereft or Eftate, Alliance or Friendlhip,
could raife himfeif to fuch a height, and compound and knead
fuch oppofite and contradidlory Tempers, Humours, and In-
terefts into a confidence, that contributed to His defigns, and
to their own deftruftion ; whillt himfeif grow infenfibly power-
ful enough to cut off thofe by whom he had climbed, in the
inftant that they projeded to demolifli their own building.
What was faid of Cinna may very juitly be faid of Him, #»-
fum euwy qu^ nemo auderet lonus; perfeciffej qua i nnUo^ mji
fortijltmo^ perfici pofent , He attempted thofe things which iio
gbod Man durft have vehmr'd on; and atchieved thofe in
which none but a valiant and great Man could have fucceeded
Without doubt , no Man with more wickednefe ever at-
tempted any thing, or brought to pafs what he delired more

wickedly.

OftheReheUion,Sicc. ^49

wickedly , more in the £ice and contempt of Religion, and
moral Honelty; yet wickedneis as great as his could never
have accomplifli'd thofe deiigns, without the aOiltance of a
great Spirit, an admirable circumfpcdtion, and fagacity, and
a moft magnanimous refolution.

When he appeared firft in the Parliament, he feem'd to
have a Perfon in no degree gracious, no ornament of difcourfe,
none of thofe Talents which ufeto conciliate the Afie^ons or
the Scander by : yet as he grew into Place and Authority, his
I^arts feem'd to be raifed, as if he had Had concealed Faculties,
till he bad occafion to ufe them ; and when he was to aA the
part of a great Man, he did ic without any indecency, noc-
withftanding the want of Cuilom.

After he was confirm'd, and invefted Protedor by the
humble Petition snd Advice^ he confulted with very few upon
any Ad:ion of importance, nor communicated any enterprife
herefolv'd upon, with more than thofe who were to have
principal parts in the execution of it; nor with them fooner •
than was abfolutely neceUary. What he once refolved, in
which he was not raih, he would not be diflwaded from, nor
endure any contradiAion of his power and authority ; but ex-
torted obedience from them who were not willing to yield it.

One time, when he had laid fome very extraordinary
Tax upon the City, one Cony^ an eminent Fanatick, and one
who bad heretofore ferved him very notably, poGtively re-
fufed to pay his part 3 and loudly diflwaded others from fub-
mittingtoir, << As an impofition notoriouily againft the Law,
*' and the Property of the Subjed, which allhonelt Men were
^' bound to defend. O^xmrf i? fent for him, and cajoled him
with the memory of, "The old kindnefs, and Friendlhip, that
^' had been between them ; and that of all Men he did not
'* exped: this oppofition from Him, in a matter that was fo ne-
'^ceflary for the good of the Common-wealth. It had been
always his fortune to meet with the molt rude, and obilinate'
behaviour from thofe who had formerly been abfolutely go-
verned by him 3 and they commonly put him in mind of fome
expreflions and (ayings of his own, in cafes of the like nature :
fo this Man remembered him, how great an Enemy he had
exprefled himfelf to fuch grievances, and had declared, "That
^*all who fubmitted to them, and paid illegal Taxes, were
^* more to blame, and greater Enemies to their Country than
^ they who had impofed them 3 and that the Tyranny of
^* Princes could never be grievous, but by the tamencfs and
*• ftupidity of the People. When Cronmell fiw that he could
not convert him, he told him, "That he had a Will as ftub-
" bom as His, and he would try which of them two Ihouldbe
" Maftcr. Thereupon , with fome expreffions of reproach

and

6so The Hiftory Book XV. |

and contempt , he commicced the Man to Prifon ; whofe
courage was nothing abated by it 9 but aflbon as the Term
came, he brou2ht his Habeas corfus in che King's Bench, which
they then calFd the Upper Bench. Maynard^ who was of
Council with the Prifoner, demanded his Liberty with great
confidence, both upon the illegality of the Commitment,
^nd che illegality of the impofition, as being laid without any
lawful Authority. The Judges could not maintain or defend
either, and enough declared what their Sentence would be;
and therefore the Protestor's Atturney required a farther day,^
CO anfwer what had been urged. Before that day, Majnard
was committed to the Tower, for prefuming to question or
make doubt of his Authority ; and the Judges were fent fbr^
and ieverely reprehended for fufiering that Licence ; when
they, with all humility, mention'd the Law and Mag^aChar-
ta^omwell io\d them, with terms of contempt, and derifion,
^ Their Magna P — (houldnot controle his Adions; which
, ** he knew were for the fafety of the Common-wealth. He
asked them, << Who made them Judges ? whether they had any
^ Authority to iit there, but what He gave them ? And if hts
f^ Authority were at an end, they knew well enough, what
"would become of themfelves ; and therefore advifed them
"to be more tender of that which could only preferve them;
and (d difmifled them with caution , " That they ihould not
"fufier the Lawyers to prate what it would not become Them
** to hear.

Thus he fubdued a Spirit that had been ofcen trouble-
some to the molt Soveraign Power, and made Wefiminfter'
Hall as obedient, and fubfervient to his Commands, as any of
the reft of his Quarters. In all other matters, which did not
concern the Life of his Jiirifdidtion, he feem'd to have great
reverence for the Law, rarely incerpofing between Party and
Party. As he proceeded with this kind of indignation, and
haughtinefs, with thofe who were refra&ory, and durft con-
rend with liis greatnefs, fo towards all who complied with his
good Pleafure, and courted his ProteAion, he ufed great Q««
vility, Generofity, and Bounty.

To reduce three Nations, which perfedtly hated him, to
an entire obedience to all his Dictates ^ to awe, and govern
thofe Nations by an Army that was indevored to him, and
wifli'd his ruin, was an loftanceof avery prodigious addreis.
But his greatnefs at home, was but a fliadow of the glory he
had abroad. It was hard to difcover, which feard him moQ^
Prance^ Spain^ or the Low Countries, where his Friendfhip
was current at the value he put upon it. As they did all &-
crifice their Honour , and their Intereft, to his Pleafure, fo
there is nothing he could have demanded, that either of them

would

OftheRehellion,&ic. dyi

would have denied him. To manifelt which, there needs
only two Inftances. The firll is, when thofe of the Valley of ^^ ufim^
iMcem had unwarily rifen in Arms againtt the Duke of Savoj^ J" /^w^**
which gave occaiion to the Pope, and the Neighbour Princes ^J^-^^*^
of Itatyj to call and foUicite for their extirpation, and their Prvn^r/.
Prince pofitively refolv'd upon it, Crcmweli fent his Agent
to the Duke of Savoy -^ a Prince with whom he^had no cor-
refpondence, or commerce, and fo engaged the Cardinal, and
even terrified the Pope himfel^ without lb much as doing any
Grace to the En^lffb Roman Catholicks (nothing being more
uiual than his iaying, ^ That his Ships in the Mediterraneam
^'fhould viGtCri;;/if Vecchsa'^ and that the found of his Cannon
^fliould be heard in Rome) that the Duke of Savoy thought
it neceflary to reftore all that he had taken from them. ' and
did renew ail thofe Privileges they had formerly enjoy'd, and
newly forfeited.

The other Inftance of his Authority was yet greater, and
more incredible. In the City of NiJmeSy which is one of the
faired in the Province of Lauguedoc^ and where thofe of the
Religion do molt abound, there was a great Fafiion at that
Seafon when the Confuls (who are the Chief Magiftrates)
were to be chofen. Thofe of the Reforin'd Religion had the
confidence to fet up one of themfelves for thatMagiftracy;
which they of the Roman Religion refolvM to oppofe with
all their Power. The difleniion between them made fo much
noife, that the Intendant of the Province, who is the fupreme
Minilter in all Civil Aftairs throughout the whole Province,
went thither to prevent any diforder that might happen.
When the day ot Election came, thofe of the Religion pof-
(efled themfelves with many Arm'd Men of the Town-Houfe,
where the Election was to be made. The Magiilrates fent to
know what their meaning was; to which they anfwer'd,
** they were there to give their Voices for the choice of the .
<' new Confuls, Mid to be fure that the Election ihould-be
*' fairly made. The Bifliop of the City, the Intendant of the
Province, with all the Officers of the Church, and the pre*
fent Ma^lirates of the Town, went together in their Robes
to be prefent at theEledtion, without any fufpicion that there
would be any Force ufed. When they came near the Gate
of the Town-Houfe , which was ihut , and they fuppufed
would be open'd when they came, they within pour'd out a
Volly of Musket- ihot upon them, by which the Dean of the
Church, and two or three of the Magiitrates of the Town,
were kill'd upon the place, and very manv others wounded ;
whereof fome died (hortly after. In this Coniufion, the Ma*
giltraites put themfelves into as good a poiture to defend them*
felves as (bey could , without any purpofe of ofiending the

ochg-p

6f% Thetiifiorj' Book XV.

Others, till they (hould be better provided ; in order to which
they lent an Hxprefs to the Court with a plaia relntioa of the
whole matter of fad, " And that there appear'd to be no mm.
** oer of Combination witli ibofe ot the Religion in otha
** places of the Province ^' but that ii was an infolence in thole
** of the place, upon the prcfumption of their great Numbers,
*< which were titcle interior to rhofc of the CathoUcks. The
Court was glad of the Occalion, and refolv'd that this provo-
cation, in which other placet were not involv'd, and which
DO body could cxcufe, fhould warrant all kind ct fevertty in
that City, even to the pulling down their Temples, and at'
pelling many of them for ever out of the City^ *hidi, with
the cxecucion and forfeiture of many of the principal Ptt'
Ibn^, would be a general Mortification to all ot the Rcligioo
in France; with whom they were heartily oScnded; and*
pan of the Army was forthwith order'd to march towaidl
Nijmts, to lee this executed with the utmbfl: rigour.

Th OS E of the Religion in the Town, were quickly feiL>
fible into what condition they had brought thcmlelves j and
fent with all podihle SubmiHion, to the Magidrates to ex^
cuC: themlelves, and to impute what had been done to the
raflineffi of particular Men, who had no order for what they
did. The Magistrates anfwcr'd, "Thar they were glad they
" were fcnhble of their Mifcarriage^ hut they could liy no-
** thing upon the Subjed, till the King's plealiire (hoiud be
** known j to whom they had fent a full relation of all that
" had palled. The others very well knew what the KiO^*
pleafure would be, and forthwith (eat an Kxprefs, one Mfw
/»;, who bad liv'd many years in that place, and in Mntfu-
£er, to CreimaeOf to dehre his protcAion and interpofition.
The Exprefs made fo much halte, and found fo gcjod a reccp*
tion the hrlt hour he came, that cremtueU, afret he had TC<
■ ceiv'd the whole Account, bad him "Reftcftihimfelf after fo
**long a Journey, and he would take fuch*care of his bufr-
** nels, that by the time he came to Parit he Ihould find it
** difpatth'd ; and, that Night fenr away another Meflenger
to his tmbauadour Leckhtrt; who, by the time MeulinsQtrat
rtither, had fo for prevailed with the Cardinal, that Orders
were fcnc to Itop the Troops, which were upon their MarcH
towards Nijmer; and, within few days after, J\1»iilmi retum'd
with a fijil Pardon, and Amnefty from the King, under thd
Great Seal oi France, fo fully confirm'd with all circumltances^
that there was never farther mention made of it, but all things
-lafTcd as if there had never been any (iich thing. So that no
-- *-- can wonder, that his Memory remains Hill in thofc pans^
'irh thofe People, in great veneration.
wouU never ItiScr himlcif to be denied any thing h«'

that rh
pafTcd

31^

of the HebeUion^ &c. 6^i

ever acked of the Cardinal, alledging, ^ That the People would
" noc be otherwifc fatisfied j which the Cardinal bore very
heavily, and complain'd of to thofe with whom he would be
free. One day, he vifited Madam Turennty and when he
took his leave of her. She, according to her Cuflom, beibughc
him to continue gracious to the Churches. Whereupon the
Cardinal told her, " That he knew not how to behave himfelf;
<' if he advifed the King to puniQi and fupprefs their Info-
«^ lence, Cromwell threatened him to joyn with the SfsmiarJ;
'^ and if he (liew'd any favour to them, at Rome they accounted
'^ him an Heretick.

T o Conclude his Charadter, CramweB was not fo far a ^^ ^'Ti'^'
Man of blood, as to follow MachisvePs method J which pre-gj'^^^*/
fcribes, upon a total alteration of Government, as a thing ab-
folutely ncccffary, to cut off all the heads of thofe, and ex-
tirpate their Families, who are Friends to the old one. It
was confidently reported, that, in the Council of Officers, it
was more than once propofed^ '^ That there might be a general
*< Maflacrc of all the Royal Party, as the only expedient to
*^ fecure the Government, but that Crimr(ueU'Wo\j\d never con-
<< fent to it; it may be, out of too great a contempt of his
Enemies. In a word, as he was ^J^Vf of many Crimes againit
which Damnation is denounced, and for which Hell-fire is
prepared, fo he had fome good ^Qualities which have caufed
the Memory of fome Men in all Ages to be celebrated; and
he will be look'd upon t)y Pofterity as a brave wicked Man.

The End of the Fifteenth BooJc.

Vol. III. Part a. V }x tHE

/

THE

Hiftory of the Rebellion, &c.

B I^ XVI.

2^char. II. 4, /, 6,

Thus faith the Lord my God, Feed the fiock of the

/laughter.
Whofe pojjfjfars Jky them, and hold ibemfehes ntf

^Uy : and they that JeU them, fay, Bleffed b$

the Lord, for lam rich : and tbetr ovmjbepherdf

pity them not.
But to, I wiS dthver the men every one into his

Neighhars hand, and into the band of hit i^"^.

lONTRARYtoall expedition both nt %/»
v athomcandabroad,thisfeuthqiiskewas"|^/^^^
I attended with no fignsl Alteration. It^Brnj.*'
' was bclicv'd thst Z^miert would be in
t the head of the Army, and that MoMk
I in ScetUnd would never fubmit to be
under him. Befides the expeflacion
I the King had from the general Afledti-
* on of the Kingdom, he had &ir pro-
' raifcs fromMenoflntereftinit,andof
Command in the Army, who profeOcd to prepare for fuch«
Conjuntiure as [bis; and that the difordet ariOng from Crom-
•meli's death might difpofc Letibart to depend upon the beft
Title, fecm'd a reafonable expectation : but nothing of thii
fell out. Never Monarch, after he had inherited a Crown by
many defccnts, died in more Qlence, nor with lefs alteration ;
and there was the fame, or a ^eater calm in the Kingdom then
had been before.

The next Morning after the death of Oiivtr, SicharJ hiA

Son is Proclaim'd his Lawful Succeflbr ; the Army cpngratu-

laic [heir new General, and renew their Vows of fidehty to

U u 1 himj

6s6 The Hifiory Book XVI.

him ^ the Navy doth the like; the City appears more unani-
mous for His Service, than they were for his Fathers j and
molt Countries in England^ by Addreflcs under their hands,
teilified their obedience to their new Soveraign without any
he(itation. The dead is interr'd in the Sepuicher of the Kings,
and with the obfcquics due to fuch. His Son inherits all his
Greatncfs, and all his Glory, without the publick hate, that
vifibly attended the other. Forrcign Princes addreflfcd their
Condolences to him, and defired to renew their Alliances ;
and nothing was heard in England but the voice of Joy, and
large Encomiums of their new Protedlor : fo that the King's
condition never appcar!d fo hopelcfs, fo defperate; for a more
favourable Conjuncture his Friends could never expedl than
this, which now feem'd to blalt all their hopes, and confirm
their utmoll <ieft>air; ■ *

1 T is probable that this Mclancholick profpcdl might have
continued long, if this Child of Fortune could have fat ftil),
and been, qontcnted to have cnjoyM his own felicity. But his
Council thought it neccffary that he (hould call a Parliament,
to confirm what they had already given him, and to difpel
all Clouds which might arife. And there feem'd to be the
more reafon for it, becaufe the lalt Alliance which Oliver hsA
made with tlie Crown of Sweden^ and of which he was fonder
than of all the reit, did oblige him in the Spring to fend a
ftrong Fleet into the Sound, to adiii that King againlt Den-
mark *, at lead to induce Denmark, by way of mediation, to
accept of fuch conditions as the other would be willing to
give him. This could hardly be done without fome ailiitance
of Parliament; and therefore the . new Protcdtor lent out bis
He calls A Writs to Call a Parliament, to meet together on the twenty
Mt.tment fevcnth day of fanu/tryi till which day, for near five Months,

te meet Tan. , • / • *' "^ 11 • i. • t-^ • i_ • • ^

ay. i6j9. hercmamd as great a Prmcc as ever his Either had been.
He foUow'd the Model that was left him ; and fcnt out his
/LTT''" ^"^^ ^o ^^^^ thofeas Peers who had conltituted the Other
^' Houfe in the former Parliament j and fo both Lords and Com-
mons met at a day aflign'd. •

Richard came to the Parliament in the fame State that

Oltver his Father had done ; and fent the Gentleman Uflier

of the Black-Rod to the Commons, that they fliould attend

him in the other Houlc; where, lirlt by himlelf, and then

ncOtiftnefi by the Keeper of his Great Seal, Naikaviel Fiennes^ he re-

eA to thtm commended to them the profecution of the War with Spam,

hthePro' and the afliltauce of the King of Sareden in the Sound. He

sW/pr. had no good fortune at the beginning, that all the Commons

fign'd an Engagement not to alter the prefent Government.

But they were no fooner i::clo(ed within thofe Walls, than

there appeared the old Republican Spiiic, though more wary

than

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 6si

than it had ufed to be. It begun with enquiring into the Ac- D.'ferences
counts, how the Money had been fpent, and into the Offices rife in tht
of Excifc and Cuftoms, and what was become of all that Re- J^*^^^*^ ^^
venue. When they were called upon to fettle the Adt o( (,1^,^,1"/ J^
Recognition, to confirm Richard^ and his Authority in th&c»witsof
State, they would firft inform themfelves of their own Au- ^•«0'i.*"^
thority, and how for the Government was already fettled, and ^f;*"' }J7».'^
what part was fit to be affign'd to the other Houfe ; which ^^t*^ *"*'"'*
they would by no means allow to be a part of the Govern-
ment already eftablifli'd, which they had promifcd not to al-
ter. Upon this Argument they exercifed themfelves with
great Licence, as well upon the Creator of thofe Peers, and
the power of the late Protedlor, as upon his Creatures the
Peers ^ of v/hofe dignity they were not tender, but handled
them according to the Quality they had been otj not that
which they were now grown to. They put the Houfe in
mind, " How grievous it had been to the Kingdom, that the
*^ Bilhops had fate in the Houfe of Peers, becaufe they were
** look'd upon as fo many Votes for the King j which was a
*^ rcafon much ftrongcr againlt thcfc Perfons j who were all
"the work of the Protcdtor's own hand, and therefore could
" not but be entirely addicted and devoted to his Intereft.
They concluded, " That they could not , with good Con-
^^fcicnces. and without the guilt of Perjury, ever confent, that
*^ That other Houfe Ihould have any part in the Government,
*' (ince they had ail taken the Engagement, that there fliould
** be no more any Houfe of Peers, fince the Office of Pro-
<< tedtor had been, and might {till continue without it.

Notwithstanding all this confidence, which di-
fturbed the Method intended to be proceeded in, this violent
Party could not prevail, but it was carried by the Major part
of the Houfe, "That they would meet, and confer with iYititttMcdr^
"other Houfe, as a part of the Parliament, during this pre- JJ^^'^JJ^^
"fent Parliament; and likewife, that fuch other Perfons, ^^Wl^p, fi^^uU
" had a right to come to that other Houfe, and had not for* htaUtw'd.
"feited it by their breach ofTruft (by which they meant
Shofe Lords who had been always againft the King ) *' Should
" not be reftrain'd from coming thither : yet the Temper of the
Houfe of Commons could hardly be judged by all this. Some
things were done , v/hich looked like condefcention to the
Royal Parry ; but more for the countenance of the Pres^yte*
rians ; and whacfoever contradided thofe who were for a Re-
publick, was looked upon as favourable to the Protedlor.

The ftirring thelc feveral humours, and the drowfy tem- ^a mw
per of Richard, raifcd another Spirit in the Army. A new (^oi^u */
Council of Officers met together by their own Authority, and 2fj^'7X'»^'
admitted Lambert^ though no Member of the Army, to con- *^*^^xw

6;8 TheH'tftory Book XVI.

fult with them ; they neither liked Procedlor, nor Parliamenr,
but confulced what Government to fettle, that might be better
than either : yet they would hot incenfc them both together,
nor appear to liavc any difinclinarion to 'Richard^ who had
% v^/tr .Ad- many of his nearefl Friends atnongft them. They therefore jpre-
drefi f Ri- pared an Addrcfs ko him j in which they complain'd of, " The
chard, Apr. it gj-gjj^ Arrcars of pay that were due to the Army, by which
• ' W. cc they ^ej-e \^ gr^^t Streights : That rhcy, who had borite the
*' brunt of the War, and undergone alt tiic difficulties and
*^ dangers of it, were now undcrx'alued, dt* idcd, and laid afide :
** That the Good Old Caufe was ^11 fpokcn '.»^, and traduced
" by Malignanrs and 'Ji&ffedtcd Pcrfous ^ who grew every day
*^ more Infolcnt, anc their Numbers encresi/j, by the refoft
*'out o^FUnderSj and other pieces ; and they had feveral fc-
** cret meetings in the City of Lofidon : That the Names of
**all thofe who had fate jp.;n the late King as his Judges, were
** lately Printed,and fcaJtCrJ abroad, as if they were defign'd to
^•deftrudlion^ and that many Suits were commenced at Com-
** mon Law againft hont'fl Men, for what they had tranfadlcd
^* in the War as Soldiers : 'T'liat rhofe famous Afe which had
** been performed in the long Parliamenr, and by the late Pro-
^' teftor, were cenfured, raird at, and vilified. By all which,
they faid, " It was very manifeh, that tlie Good Old Oufe
^^ was declined j which they were refoivy to aflert. And
** therefore they befought his Highnefs to reprefent thofe tl\eir
** Complaints to the Parliament, and to require proper and
*^ fpcedy Remedies.

This Addrefs was delivered from the Army by Fitetwd^d

to Richard^ on uipril6^^ i^JS^j which was noiooner known,

riie City than TiMurn^ and Iretott^ two Aldermen of Loudon^ and

^'^j'/" principal Commanders of that Militia, drew up likewifca Re-

con4tiem, pr^^jnilrance, and fent it to the Council of Officers; in which

they declared their Rcfolutions with the Army to ftick to the

Good Old Caufe, and that they were refolv'd to a'ccompany

rhcm, in whatfoever they fliould do for what they cail'd the

Nation's good.

T H i: Parliament was quickly alarm'd with thefe Cabals of
tiie Army, and the City; which Richard was as much terri-
fied with, as Tllcy. In order to the fupprcflion thereof, the
Votes of the Pa'lia'^ient Voted, *^That there ihould be no meeting, or ge-
If^'T''""^ ' nerai Council of Officers, without the Proteftor's Coflfenr,
tif'ofi it. <i ^^ J ^^y j^.g Order : and that no Pcrfon fliould have Com-

*' mands by Sea or Land, in cither of the three Nations, who
*^ d-d not immediately fubfcribe, that he would not dilturb the
*4rcc meetings of Parliaments, or of any Members in either
*^ Houfe of Parliament ; nor obftrudt their freedom in De-
;^ hntcs and Counfcls. Thefe Votes, or to this effeft, were

fCDC

Of the ReheUion^ &c. 6s9

fcnt to RicharJj and by him prcfently to Wallmgford Houfe,
where the Council of Officers than fate.

These Officers were Men who refolv'd to execute as well
as order ; they knew well that they were gone much too far,
if they went no ferther : and therefore they no fooner receiv'd
thefe Votes, but they fenc Fleetwood and Desborough to Ri-neOffiten
chard ( the firft had Married his Silter ^ the other was his UnclCy advife him
both raifed by Crommell) to advife him forthwith to diflolve 'f diffoive
the Parliament. They were two upon whofe Aftcdlion, in re- ^^'J, '
gard of the neamefi of their Alliance, and their obligation to,
and dependence upon his Father, he had as much reafon to
be confident, as on any Men"^ in the Nation. Fleetwood ufed
no Arguments but of Confcience, "To prevent the Nation's
"being engaged in blood; which, he faid, "Would inevita-
** bly fall out, if the Parliament were not preferitly diflblv'd.
Desborough a fellow of a rough and rude temper, treated him
only with threats,and menaces ; told him, " It was impoffible for
*^ him to keep both the Parliament and the Army, his Friends ;
wiflied him, " To choofe which he would prefer : if he dif-
" fblv'd the Parliament out of hand, he had the Army at his
*^ Devotion ; if he refiifed that, he bliev'd the Army would
" quickly pull him out oil0nte-HaU.

I* HE poor Man had not Spirit enough to difcern what was
beft for him ; and yet he was not without Friends to Counfel
him, if he had been capable to receive Counfel. Befides many ^dvhe /«
Members of the Parliament, of Courage and Intereft, whore- Richard/.;

paired to him with afliirance," That the Parliament would con- '^^^''^"^'^'J-
" tinue firm to him, and deftroy the Ring-leaders of this Sedi-
"tious Crew, if he would adhere to the Parliament; but if
'* he were prevailed upon to diflolve it, he would be left with-
"out a Friend; and they who had compell'd him to do fo
" imprudent an Adtion, would contemn him when he had
"done it: Some Officers of the Army likewifc of equal Cour»>r/»/£»//5»ic
rage and Intereft with any of the reft, perf waded him "To re- ^/P'^"'' •/
" jea the defire of thofe who call'd themfelves the Council of ^^'' '^"^^^
" the Army, and to think of puniihing their prefumption. I«-
goldshyy Whalleyy and Goffe^ three Colonels of the Army, and
the two former, Men of fignal Courage, oflfcr'd to (land by
him; and one of them ofier'd to kill Lambert ( whom they
looked upon as the Author of this Confpiracy ) if he would
give him a Warrant to that purpofe.

Richard continued irreiolute, now inclined one way,
then another. But in the end, Desborough and his Compani- H: is yre^
ons prevail'd with him, before they parted, to figna Commif- v.'Wdmtk
(ion, which they had caufed to be prepared to Nathaniel Hff^jjl^.,
Fiennesy his Keeper qf the Seal, to diftblve the Parliament the JjI".:.*
next morning; of which the Parliament having notice, tlicy

U u 4. refolvM

/

66o The H'tjiory Book XVI.

rcfoK 'ci not to go up. So that when Vicnnes icn: for tiicm to
the other Houfe, the Commons (hut tlic door of their Koafc,
and would not I'ufFcr the Gentleman Ulhcr ot tliC Black-rod
to come in, bur adjourn'd theinfelvcs tor three day^, rill the
five and rv/cnticth oi Aprtl^ imagining that rhey ihoulJ by that
time convert the Protestor from defii oying himielf. But the
poor Creature was fo bared by the Council of Officers, that he
HfiffutsoHt prefenti'y caufed a Proclamation to be ifTued our; by which he
aPneUmit' did dcclarc the Parliament to be diUblved. And from that
tion to thst minute no body reforted to him, nor was the Name of the Pro-
»benHpon ^^^^^ aftetwards heard of, but in derilion ; the Council of Of-
his Prtte- ficers appointing Guards to attend at IVefimim^ery which kept
fiwjLipwat outthofc Members, who in purfuance of their adjournment,
mtsntnJ. would have enter'd into the Houfc upon the day appointed.
Thus, by extreme pufiUanimity, the Son fuffcr d himfclf to
be dripped, in one moment, of all the Greatnefs, and Power,
which the Father had acquired in fo many years, with won-
derful Courage, Induilry, and Refolution.

When the Council of Officers had, with this ftrange Suc-
ccfe, having no Authority but what ihey gave one another,
rid themfelvcsof a Superior j or, as the Phrafe then was, re-
moved the fiag/e Per/bn^ they knew that they could not long
hold the Government in their own hands , if before any
thing elfe, they did not remove Ingoldshy, Wkaley^ Goffe^ and
thofe other Officers, who had diuwaded 'Richard from fab-
mitting to their Advice, from having any Command in the
Tif Council Army; which they therefore did; and replaced Lambert^ and
of officers all the relt who had been Calhiered by 0/tver, into rheir own
bilr^&c'" Charges again. So that the Army was become Republican
,/[;^^^^^^ to their wifli; and that the Government might return to be
4Md remove purely fuch, thcy publiUi'd a Declaration upon the fixth of
m,viy of May^ wherein, after a large preamble in commendation of the
whT good old Caufc, and accufing themfelves, "For having been
Itrieais. "inftrumental in declining from it; whence all the ills, the
Thej igue a " Commou-wealth had fuftain'd, had proceeded, and the Vin-
DecUration « dication whcrcot they were refolv'd to purfuc for the fu-
JV^*'^7'''"fure; they reracmber'd, "That the long Parliament, con-
ment May ' *^ ^*'^^*"g of tliofc Members who had continued to fit till the
^. ' " twentieth of April 1^53 ( which was the day that Cromwell^
with the affittance of thole very Officers, had puU'd them out
of the Houfe, and difmifled them ) " Had been eminent Af-
" fertors of that Caufe, and had a fpccial Prcfcnce of God with
"them, and were fignally bleffed in that Work. They faid
" that the dclires of many good People concurring with them,
"thcy did, by that Declaration, accoiding to their duty, in-
" vice thufc Members to return to the difcharge of their Trult,
" as thcy had done before that day ; and promifcd, " That
- "Nh^ "Ihey

/
i

Of the ReheUion, &c. 661

^^ they would be ready, in their places, to yield them their
" utmoll Allillance, that they might iit and conlult in I'afety,
*^fbr the Ictcling andfccuring the Peace and Quiet ofthcComr
^* mon- wealth, for which they had now lb good an oppor-
*^ tunity. And this Deciararion, within very few days, they
fccondcd with what they cali'd The kumble Petition and Ad^
drefs of the Oncers of the Army to the Parliament *^ which con-
tain'd feveral advices, or rather politive directions how they
were to Govern.

This refloring the Rump-Parliament was the only way in
which they could moft agree, though it was not Tuitable to
what feme of them detired : They well forefaw, that they
might give an opportunity of more People to come together
than would be for their benefit j for that all the furviving
Members of that Parliament would pretend a Title to lie
there : And therefore, they did not only carefully limit the
Convention to fiich Members who had continued to (it from
January kJ^S to Afril i^5'3, but caufcd a Guard likewife to
attend to hmder, and keep the other Members from entring
into the Houfc. When Lenthal^ the old Speaker, with forty
or fifty of thofe old Members fpecified in the Declaration,
took their places in the Houfe, and (bme of the old excluded Some ofth»
Members likewife got in, and enter'd into Debate with them*^'''*''«^*''
upon the matters propofed, the Houfe was adjourn'd till the *^'''^.'" ,
next day : And then better care was taken, by appomrmg fuch n^ufe with
Ferfons, who well knew all the Members, to inform the them, but
Guards, who were, and who were not to go into the Houfe. "'"^**^'^''*''-
By this means that Cabal only was fuffcr'd to enter which *^ ''•^*'"'
had firit form'd the Common-wealth, and foftcr'd it for hear
five years after it was born. So that the return of the Go-
vernment into thcfe Men's hands again, feem'd to be the moil:
difmal change that could happen, and to pull up all the hopes
of the King by the roots.

We mult, for the better obfervation, and dittinfiion of
the feveral Changes in the Government , call this Congrega-
tion of Men, who were now rcpoflfcfled of ir, by the Style
they cali'd themfelves, The Parliament ; how far foever they
were from being one. They refolv'd in the firlt place to vin-
dicate, and eitablifli their own Authority; which they could
hot think to be firm, whilft there was (till a Protcdtor, or the
Name of a Protedtor in being, and refiding in Iffyite-Hal/. ThePdrtu-
They appointed therefore a Committee to go to Richard Crom- ?f'*/^j' '*
weliy and that they might have hope they would be his good ^^„^he^
Maiters, firft to enquire into the State of his Debts, and then iher be ac-

to demand of him, whether He acquiefced in the prefent Go- ijuup.rd,
vcrnment? He, already humbled to that poverty of "Spirit **"j^ ^^'"f'"
they could wUh, gave the Committee a paper, « In which, ^JJ/„'^[

66z The Hiftory Book XVI.

^ he faid, was contained the Stace of his Debts, and how con-*
^tradled; which amounted to twenty nine thoufand iix hun-
dred and forty pounds.

To the other Quettion, his Anfwer was likewife in writ-
ing; <<That He truded, his carriage and behaviour had mani-
"feftcd his Acquiefcence in the Will and good Pleafu're of ^
<'God, and that he loved and valued the Peace of the Com-
<^mon wealth much above his private concernment ; ddiring
•* by this, that a meafure of his future comportment might be
^ tdcen \ which, by the bleding of God, ihould be fuch as
^'fliould bear the fame Witnefs; he having, he hoped, in
<^ fome degree learned rather to reverence and fubmit to the
^ hand of God, than be unquiet under it : That, as to the late
<< Providence that had fallen out, however, in refpeA to the
*^ particular Engagement that lay upon him, he could not be
'^a(^ive in making a Change in the Government of the Na-
<' tions, yet, through the goodneb of God, he could freely
^^ acquieice in it being made,* and did hold himfelf obligea,
**as with other Men he might expedt Protection from the
'^prefent Government, fo to demean himfelf with all peice-
<<ablenefs under it, and to procure, to the uctermolt of bis
^' power, that all in whom he had Interefl fliould do the
•*iame.

This latisfied them as to RiebarJ'^ but they wer6 not

without apprehenfion that they fliould find a liiore refraftdry

Spirit in his Brother Harry^ who was Lieutenant of IrBlami^

and looked upon as a Man of another Air and Temper. Hfe

^oniwcli ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ Exercife of that Government, by the franknefs df

/4"»i>r«^-his Humour, and a general Civility towards all, and very

mitt and particularly obliging fome, rendered himfelf Gracious and Po-

riigni hit puiar to ail forts of People, and might have been able to

alTS!- ^^^ ^^^ f^*^ Contdts with the Parliament. But aObon as

ILnt^/iTC' he received an Order from them to attend them in Perfon, he •

land. thought not fit to be Wifer than his elder Brother, and came

Tne PartU' over to them even fooner than they expedled, and laid his

Tud\^^' Commiflion at their Feet ; which they accepted, and put the

^ndf^ur't' Government of that Kingdom into the hands of Ludlow, and

therCom- four Other Commiflioners.

mijfiomrs, I y jjjjy not prove ingrateful to the Reader, in this place,
i'/irelaiij' ^° entertain him with a very pleafant ftory that related to
* this miferable Richard^ though it happened long afterwards ;
becauie there will be fcarce again any occafion fo much as
to mention him, during the contiuance of this Relation.
Sliortly after the King's Return, and the manifett joy that
podefled the wliole Kingdom thereupon, this poor Creature
found it necclTary to Tranfport himfelf into Franccy more for
fcif of his Debts than of the Kinig; who thought it not ne-

ceflary

Of the Rehellton, &c. ^^g

ccflary to enquire after a Man fo long forgotten. After he
had liv'd feme years in Varis uncaken no:ice of, and indeed
unknown, living in a mod obfcure condition ana uii^uirv, xiv>w
owning his own Name, nor having above one Servant to at-
tend him, he thought it ncccflary, upon the fi li: rumour and
apprehenuon that there was like to be a War between Er.glani
and IBrancBy to quit that Kingdom, and to remove to iome
place that would be Neutral to either Parry- and pitched
xxfQTiGemva. Making his way thither by Bourdcaux^ and
through the Province {^ Languedocy he pafled through Fezenas^
a very pleafanc Town belonging to the Prince of Contiy who
hath a rair Palace there, and being then Governour o^La?jgue^
dec, made his Refidence in it.

1 N this place Richard made fome (lay, and walking abroad
to entertain himfelf with the view of the Situation, and of
many things worth the feeing, he met with a Perlbn who
well knew him, and was well known by him, the other hav-
ing always been of his Father's, and of His Party j fo that
they were glad enough to find themlelves together. The
other told him, " That all Strangers who came to that Town,
** ufed to wait upon the Prince of Contiy the Governour of
** thc'Province ; who cxpcdled it, and always treated Strangers,
*' and particularly the Engtifb^ with much Civility : That be
** need not be known, but that he himfelf would firit go to
^* the Prince and inform him, that another Eyglijh Gentleman
** was pafling through that Town towards Italy y who would
"be glad to have the honour to kifs his hands. 1 he Prince
received him with great Civility and Grace, according to his
natural cuflom, and, after few words, begun to difcourfe of
the AfGurs diEnglatid^ and asked many QucCtions concerning
the King, and whether all Men were quiet, and fubmitted
obediently to him ; which the other anfwer'd briefly, accord-
ing to the truth. Well, faid the Prince, " Oliver^ though
*^he was a /Tray tor and a Villain, was a brave Fellow, had
"great Parts, great Courage, and was worthy to Command;
*' but that Richardy that Coxcom.b, Coquhfy Poltrony was fureiy
"thebafeft Fellow alive; What is become of that Fool?
** How was it poflible he could be fuch a Sot? He anfwcr'd,
*^ That he was betray'd by thofe whom he moft trulted, and
*' who had been moft obliged by his Father; fo being weary
of his Vifit, quickly took his leave, and the next morning left
the Town, out of fear that the Prince might know that He
was the very Fool and Coxcomb he had m.enrion'd fo kindly.
And within two days after, the Prince did come to know who
it was whom he had treated fo well, and v^hom before, by his
behaviour, he had believ'd to be a Man not very glad of the
King's Reftoration.

Mo NIC

66 4- The Hi/iory Book X VT.

Monk from M o N K fiom Scotland prefcnted his Obedience ro the Par-
scociand liamcnt, and che adiirance ot the tidehcy ot the Army under
declares hu his Comman'i rn lU rlicif determinations. The Navy Con-
themy grauuiatcd their Return to ihe Soveraign Power, and tender'd

their SiibmiHion. The Embaffadours who were in the Town,

S^oes tiie quickly recciv'd new Credentials, and then had Audience

'*''•''• from them, as their good Allies, making all the Profeflions

to them, which they had formerly done to Oliver and Richard,
"^'^^onfi' The Parliament continued Lockhart as their Kmbafladour in

lATiE^tlf' ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^ coyM beft cajole the Cardinal, and
yi^ur i» knew well the Intrigues of that Court. They lent Embafla-
France. douis to tho Souni^ to mediate a Peace between thofe two
r«#y feitd Crowns, being refolv'd to decline all Occalions of expence.
dZtftfm ^^^^^^j ^1^'*^ t''^"y might the better fettle their Governmenc
dil7ePe7c7^^ home. To that purpofe they were willing to put an end
hetween the to thc War with Spah/^ without parting with any thing that
tw9 Norths had been taken from it, which would not confilt with their
ern Crowns. Honour. That they might throughly unite their Friends of
T,jej pafs an the Army to them, they paffed an Acl of Indemnity to pardon
^cf ofi'f all their tbrmer Tranigrelhons, and Tergiverfations, which had
demaity ro jj^gj^ ^j^^ ^.^^^-^ ^^f j|^^. Parliament's former diflbiution, and of
4be.Army, aH the Mifchicf which had followed.

Now there appeared as great a Calm as ever, and their Go-
vernment well fettled, to the general content of thc People of
their Party, who tetlified thc fame by their Acclamations,
and likcwiie by particular Addrefles. And that they might
be fure to be liable to no more Affronts, they would no more
make a General, which might again introduce a fingle Per-
fon; the thought of which, or of any thing that might con-
tribute towards it, they moll heartily abhorr'd. And to make
That impoffible, as they thought, they appointed "The
Tfteyahifoint ^^Spczkcr to executc the Officc of General, m fuch manner
aucommip- " as they (liould direa : and that all CommilTions ihould be
fions hiiii' "granted by him, and fcaled with their own Seal^ all the
'(iZ'dhthe "^^^^ "'^^ ^^y ^^^c CromiDtlh being broken. And according-
Spcaks?. ' ^y ^^ ^^^ OiScers of the Army, and Navy ( for the Speaker
was Admiral as well as General ) deliver'dL up their Commif-
fions, and took new Ones in the form that was prcfcribed.
So that now they faw not hov/ their Empire could be
ihaken.

But thcfe Men had not fate long in their old places, when
they call'd to mind how they had been ufcd after they had
been depofcd, the reproaches, and thc contempt they under-
went from all kind of People j but above all, the feoffs and
deriQon they fuffcr'd from the King's Party, when they faw
them reduced ro the fame level in Fower and Authority with
thcmfdves. And tliough che fmarc they felt from others,

vexed

of the Rehellion, &c. 66s

vexed and anger'd them as much, yet they were content to
fufpend their revenge towards Them, that they might with
lefs controle exercifc their Tyranny over the poor broken
Cavaliers. So they made a prefcnt Order, "I'o banifh all'J^^'jJ'J^
" who had ever manifctted any Aflfcdion to the King, or his J^ ^7/^/*^'
*^ Father, twenty Miles from Lo7:do7i ^ and revived all thofe/r*m Lon-
Orders, they had formerly made, and which Oofnrpell had tion.
abolidi'd or forborne to execute j by which many Ferfons
were committed to Prifons for offences they thought had
been forgotten. And the confcquence of thcfe proceedings
awakenM thofe of another Claflis, to apprehcniions of what
They might be made liable to. The Soldiers were vciy merry
at their new General; and thought it ncccflary he Ihould
march with them upon the next Adventaic; and ihc Officers
thought they had deferv'd more, than an Adt of indemnity,
for reftoring them to fuch a Soveraignty. In a word, as the
Parliament remember'd how They had been ufed, fo all other
People remember'd how they had ufed them, and could
not bring themfelves to look with revcrance upon thofe,
whom, for above four years together, they had derided and
contcmn'd.

This univerfal temper raifed the Spirits again of the King's 7T;* King's
Friends, who found very many of thofe who had heretofore ^"'''J' ^'S'*'
ferv'd the Parliament, and been afterwards difobliged both by '* '""^**
Cromwell^ and the Rump Parliament, very dcfirous to enter
into Amiiy with them, and to make a firm conjundbion with
them towards the King's Keeftablilhment. Thofe Members
of the long Parliament, who, after the Treaty of the lile of
Wight^ were by violence kept from the Houfc, took it in great
indignation, that They, upon whom the faid violence was
practiced afterwards, which ihey had fij ft countenanced upon
them, (hould not reftore them being now rcftorcd themfelves,
and were ready to embrace any occaiion to diflurb their new
Governours; to which they were the more encouraged by
the common difcourfc of the Soldiers; who declared, " That,
** if there were any commotion m the Kingdom, they would
** go no farther to fupprefs ir, than Ijtnthal Ihouid lead them.

MrMoftDAUNT, who had fo lately his head upon the
Block, was more aftive than any Man ^ and was (b well truft-
ed by Men of all conditions, upon the Courage of his former
behaviour, that he had in truth very full engagements from
very good Men in molt Quarters of the Kingdom, "That if ^^ y^^^^
"the King would aflign them a day, and promifc to come to daunc«w«
" them after they were imbodyed, they would not fgil to ap-/* BrafleU
^* pear at the day. Whereupon, M"^ Mordaunt vcnrur'd him-'* *j^f«»"«
fotf to come in difguife to the King to Brujfeb^ to give him ^Jf^the
a clear Account how his bufmefs itood, and what prohzbiWty prcparathink

there

666 The Hiflory Book XVI.

there was of fuccefs, and likewife to complain of the want of
forwardncfs in tome of chofc upon whom the King mod re-
lied, ro encourage other Men, and to defire chat his Majefty
would, by Him, require them to concur with the reft. It ap-
pcar'djby the Account he gave, that there were very few Coun-
ties in England J where there was not a formM Undei taking
by the molt powerful Men of that County, to poflefs them-
fclvcs of f bmc confiderablc place in it ^ and if any of them (iic-
cecdcd, the opportunity would be fairer for the King to ven-
ture his own Perfon, than he yet had Had, or than he was like
CO have, if he iu£fer'd thofe who were now in the Govern-
menr, to be icttled in it.

That which was beft digeftcd, and, in refoedt of the
Undertakers, moft like to fucceed, was the firit furprifal and
^ ^fgn •/ pollcfling of Lynncj a Maritime Town, of great importance
tXneT ^^ refpedt of the Situation, and likewife of the good AflFeftion
JL L9rd office Gentlemen of the Parts adjacent. This was undertaken
willough- by the Lord Wtihughhy ofParhaWj with the confcnt and Ap-
by tf/par- probation of Sr Hiratio Town/end: who, being a Gentleman
J\^^'J!^;|^'' -^^ of the greateft Intereft, and Credit, in that large County oi
Town^nd. ^orfoiky was able to bring in a good Body of Men to pofleis it.
The former had ferv'd the Parliament, and was in great cre^
die with the Presbyterians, and fo lefs liable to fufpicion ; the
latter had been under Age till long after the end of the War,
and fo liable to no reproach or jealoufy, yet of very worthy
Principles, and of a noble Fortune; whicnhe engaged very
fiankly, to borrow Money ; and laid it out to provide Arms
and Ammunition ; and all the King's Friends in thofe parts,
were ready to obey thofe Perfons in whatfoevcr they under-
toi)k.
.AmiAde- An'other Dcfipi, which was look'd upon as ripe too,
r/uKva'r ^^^ ^^^^ furprifal of G/acefier, a Town very advantageoufly Si-
4 MjflZy. tuatcd upon the River of Severny that would have great in-
fluence upon Briflol and Worcefler'^ both which, Perfons of
the belt inrcreit undertook to fecure, aflbonas G loc9fter ihonld
be poHcHed ; which Major General Majfey^ who had been
formerly Governour thereof, and defended it too well againit
the King, made no queftion he ihould be able to do, having
been in the Town incognito^ and conferr'd with his Friends
there, and lain conceal'd in the adjacent places, till the day
'^ Ihould be appointed for the Execution of it; of all which he

fcnt tJK' King an Account; nor did there appear much diffi-
culty in the point, there being no Garriibn in either of the
places. •
ToeGenth- T lui Lotd Ne'wpart^ Litt/eto»y and other Gentlemen of
wMf of Shropfhire^ were ready at the fame time to fecure Shrewsi^uryL ^
thropihire ^nd for thc making that Communication perfe<a, S^ George

k

Of the Rehellion^ &c. 66^

Booth, a Pcrfon of one of the beft Fortunes and Intercft in Sr g. Booth
Chejhire, and for the Memory of his Grandfather, of abfolute «m<^«'''«V*
power with the Presbyterians, promifcd to poflefs himfelf of ^°*^*^*^'
the City and Caftle of chefter. And Sr Thomas MiddUton^ who .jrThomati
had hkewile ferv^ the Parliament, and was one of the belt- MicWlcrou
Fortune and Interelt in North Wales, was ready to joyn with J^.^^J'* *"'
Sr George Booth', and both of them lo unite entirely with the '""*
King's Party in thofe Counties. In the Weft, Arundel, Vol- in tfie wejf^
lard, Greenvil, Trelawmy and the rett of the King's Friends ^'/l»' «*^»
in Cornwai and Devon/hire, hoped to poficfs Plymouth, but ^!,^"^tcf^
were fure of Exeter, Other Undertakings there were in the
North, by Men very ready to venture all they had.

When the King receiv'd this Account in grofs from a Per*
Ion fo well inltrudted, whereof he had by retail received much
from the Perfons concerned ( for it was another circumftance
of the loofenefs of the prefent Government, that Meflcngers
went forward and backward with all fecurity) and likewife
found by Mr AUrdaimt^ that all things were now gone fo far
chat there was no retreat, and therefore that the refolution
was general, ^ That, though any difcovery (hould be made, and
^^ any Perfons imprifon'd, the reft would proceed aflbon as the
<< day (hould be appointed by the King -, his Majdty rcfolv'd
that he would adventure his own Perfon, and would be
ready incognito at Calais upon fuch a day of the Month; and
that his Brother the Duke of Tork Ihould be likewife there, or
very near, to the end that from thence, upon the Intelligence
of the fuccefs of that day, which was likewife then appointed,
they .iDight difpofe themfelves, one to one place, and the other
to another.

There happened at this time the difcovery of a vile -^ ^'/^^^^v»
, Treachery which had done the King's Affairs much harm ; and '"{hlyofT*^
had it been longer concealed, would have done much n-'ore. Richard
From the death oi Oliver, fome of thofe who were in the fe- Willis..
creteftpart ofhisAfiairs, diicem'd evidently, that their new
Protedor would never be able to bear the burden -, and fo
thought how they might do fuch fervice to the King, as might
merit from him. One who had a part in the Oiiice of Se-
crecy, M^ Moreland, fcnt an Expreis to the King, to inrbrn^
him of many particulars of Moment, and to give him fome
advices, what his Majefty was to do ; which was reafbnable
and prudent to be done. He fent him word what Perfons
might be induced to ferve him, and what way he was to take
to induce them to it, and what other Perfons would never do
it, what profeflions foever they might make. He made ofter
of his Service to his Majefty, and conliantly to advertife him
of whatfoever was neccflary tor him to know^ and, as an in-
ftange of hi$ fidelity, and his uicfulncfs, he advertifed the

King

668 TheHiftory Book XVI.

King of a Perfon who was much trufted by his Majefty, afld
conltantly betrayed him , " That he had receiv'd a large Pen-
" fion from Cromv)elJ^ and that he continually gave 'Fhurlno
** Intelligence of all that he knew , but that it was with fo great
^ circumlpection, that he was never feen in his prefence : that
** in his Contract, he had proraifed to make fuch difcoveries,
" as (hould prevent any danger to the State j but that he would
^^ never enclanger any Man's life, nor be produced to give in
" Evidence againlt any : and that this very Perfon had difco-
^ ver'd the Marquis ot Ormomts being in London the lalt year,
"to Cromwell^ but could not be induced to difcover where
"his Lodging was; only undertook his Journey fliould be in*
" eflfcdtuaJ, and that he ihould quickly return ; and then they
" might take him if they could; to which he would not cofl-
*^ tribute. To conclude, his Majefty was defircd to truft this
Man no more, and to give his Friends notice of it for cheii!'
caution and indemnity.
n» Ks^^g -* The King, and They who were mod trufted by him in his
firfi /W/>x/« fecret Tranladions, believed not this information; butcon-
itnot. eluded that it was contrived to amufe him, and to diftraft all
^ ^M his AflFairs by a jealoufy of thofc who were intruded in tbe
f^foi 'at- condudl of them. The Gentleman accufed, was S^ Jtichgrd
ttiftd, WUis : who had from the be^nning to the end'of the Wa-,
except at Newarky given teftimony of his Duty and Ailegi*
ance, and was univerfally thou^t to be fuperior to all tempta-*
tions of infidelity. He was a Gentleman, and was very well
bred, and of very good parts, a courage eminently known,'
and a very good Officer, and in truth of io general a gocd Re-
putation, that, if the King had profeflcd to have any doubt
of his honetty, his Friends would have thought he had rc-
ceiv'd ill infuiions without any ground; and he had givca •
a very late tcilimony of his linceriiy by concealing the Marquis
of Ormondy who had Communicated more with him, than
with any Man in £;?^//77/^,during his being there. On the othei;
fide, all the other informations, and advices, that were fent
by the Perfon who accufed him, were very important, and
could have no end but his Majelty's Service ; and the Offices
that Gentleman oflfer'd to perform for the future, were of that
conicqucnce, that tliey could not be overvalued. This In-
telligence could not be fent with a hope of getting Money j
* for the prefent condition of him wI'K) fent it, was fo good, that

he cxpedtcd no reward, till the King ihould be enabled to
give it ; and he who was fent in the Errand, was likewife a
Gentleman, .who did not look for the Charges of his Journey :
and how could it have been known to Cromwell^ that Thac
Perfon had been trultcd by the Marquis of Qrmondy if he had
not difcover'd it himleit ?

Ik

\

of the Rehellion^ &c. 66g

1 N this perplexity, his Majefty would not prefently depart
from his confidence in the Gentleman accufcd. As to all other
particulars, he confefled himfelf much faci&fied in the infor-
mation he had received ^ acknowledged die great fcrvice ^ and
made all thofe promifes which were ncccHaiy in luch a Cafe j
only frankly declared, <<That nothing could convince him of
<< the infidelity of that Gendeman, or make him withdraw his
^^trnft firom him, but the Evidence of his hand-writings which
'^ was well known. This Meilenger no fooner return'd to
L$ndony but another was difpatch'd with all that manifefta- Tm aecufe,
tion of the truth of what had been before informed, that there ^^^^^^^J
remained no more room to doubt. A great number of his ^JJ^^*"'
Letters were fenr, whereof the Character was well known j and LT^r/scc.
the Intelligence communicated, was of fuch things as were
known to very few bcfides that Peribn liimfelf.

One thing was obfer v'd throughout the whole, that he fel-
dom communicated any thing in which there was a neceflity
to name any man who was ot the Kingj's Party, and had been
always fo reputed. But what was undertaken by any of the
Presbyterian Party, or by any who had been againit theKin^
was poured out to the lite. Amongft thofe, he gave informa-
tion of Majfif% defign upon Gloafter^ and of hil being con-
cealed in feme place near the fame. If at any time he nanfied
any who had been of the King's Party, it was chiefly of them
who were fatisfied with what they had done, how little fo-
ever, and refolv'd to adventure no more. Whereupon very
many were imprifon'd in fever^il places, and great noife of
want of fecrecy, or treachery in the King's Councils; which
reproach fell upon thoic who were about the Perfon of the
King.

1 T was a new perplexity to the King, that he knew not
by what means to Communicate this Treachery to his Friendfe,-
lell the difcovery ot it might likew ife come to light ; which
mult ruin a Perfon of merit, and difappoint his Majefty of that
Service, which mult be of great moment. In this conjun-
cture, Mr Mwdaunt came to BruJJilSj and inform'd his Maje-
ity of all thofe particulars relating to the polture his Friends
were in, which are mention'd before ; and amonglt the other
Orders he deiired, one was, that fomcMcflage might be fenc
to that knot of Men ( whereof the accufed Perfon was one )
*' Who, he faid, were principally trulted by his Majelly, and
«* were all Men of honour, but lo wary and incredulous, that
'^ others were more difcouraged by their coldnefs j and there-
fore wiihed, "That they might be quickcn'd, and required to
*^ concur with the moft forward. Hereupon the King asked
him, what he thought of fiich a one, naming S** Richard Wii-
lis : Mf Mordaunt anfwer'd " It was of Him they complain'd

Vol.111. Parr «. Xx «prin

6no The Hi/iory Book XVI.

*^ principally ; who, they thought, was the caufe of aH the

^ warinefs in the relt j who looked upon him not only as an

<< excellent Officer, but as a prudent and difaeet Man ; and

<^ therefore, for the moftparr, all debates were referi^d to him:

<^ and he was fo much given to objcdlions, and to raifii^ diN

<' Acuities, and making things unpradicable, that vodSt Men

^ had an unwillingnefs to make any propoliiion to him. The

King asked him, "Whether he had any fufpicion of his waqt

**ofhonefty? the other anfwer'd, "That he was (6 far ftoin

" any fuch fufpicion, that, though he did not take htm to be his

<^ Friend, byreafonof the manydifputes and contradiAiaiiB

<' frequently between thcm,he would put his Life into bis bind

^ to morrow. '

Ye K^n^ It was not thought reafonable, that M^ Mmrdmma flioald

ctmmimi- rccum into ExrgArxr/with aconfidence in this Man ; and tfaere-

Tfllven t9 ^^^^ ^^^ Majefty freely told him all he knew, but not the way

lirUoi' by which he knew it, or that he had his very Letters in his

diunc. own hand, which would quickly have difcover'd how he came

by them ^ and the King charged him ^ No farther to Gom-

<< municate with that Perfon, and tO' give his Friends fiidi

^^caution,asmighc not give a greater difturbance to his Af-

'< fairs, by Afing new Fadions amonglt them, or provoke

" him to do more mifchief , which it was in his power to

'< do. But for all this there was another Expedient found j fbr

by the time M' Mordaunt return'd to London^ the Perfon who

gave the King the Advertifement, out of his own wiidom,

and knowledge of the ill confequenceofthattruft, caofed Pa-

T e Dircd' pers to bc pofted up in feveral places, by which all Ferfons

TT- r Mvr, "^^^^ warned not to look upon S' Kichard Willis as feith&l to

^t!%,r'irn* ^^^ King, but as one who berray'd all that he was trufted

f'- ^.i>'^ with ; which in the general had fome effed, though many

t'len^Ls af worchy Mctt (till continued that intimacy wich him, and com-

viu Verfrt, municatcd with him all they knew to bc rcfolv'd.

1 T was towards the end of June that Mr Mordatmt left
Brujfels^ with a refolucion that there fliould be a general Ren-
dezvous throughout £»^/rf»</ of all who would declare fbr the
King, upon a day named, about the middle of July ; where
being Commiflions in every County diredted to fix or fevcn
known Men, with Authority to chem tochoofeone to Com-
mand in Chief in that County, till they (hould make a con-
junction with other Forces, who had a fuperior Commiflion
from the King. And thofe Commiflioners had in their hands
plenty of Commiflions under the King's hand, for Regiments
and Governments, to diltribute to fuch as they judged fit to
receive them; which was the belt Model ( how JiaWe fbcver
to exception ) that, in fo diltradtcd a State of Afiairs^ could
bc adviicd.

The

of the Rehellion^ &c. 671

T' H E King, as is faid, r^folv'd at the day appointed to be
at Calsis'y wMch refolucion was kept with fo great a fecrecy ac
Brujfelsy fiax his Majedy had left the Town before it was
iufpedted; and when he was gone, it was as little known
whither he was gone^ there being as much care taken to have
it concealed hrom being known in France^ as in England^
Therefore, as the King went out in the Morning, fo the Duke
of Tork went out in the Afternoon, another way : his High-
nefs'smotionbeing without any fufpicion. or notice, by rea-
fon of his Command in the Army. The King went attended ^* ^'*^
by the Marquis of Ormond^ the Earl of Briftol ( who was the|^' ^' ^*
Ciuide, being well acquainted with the Frontiers on both
(ides ) and two or three Servants, all mcognito^ and as Com-
panions^ and fo they found their way to Ca/ait; where they
Itaid. The Duke of Tork^ with four or five of his own me-
nial Servants, and the Lord LangdaU^ who defired to attend ihe DHk^9f
his Highnefs, went to Boulogne ^ where he remained with York f^
equal privacy J and they correfpoiided with each other. Boulogne.

The Amirs in England had no prosperous afpeft ; every Th^ Difap-
Poll brought news of many Perfons of Honour and Quality ^f*?"^*-^
committed to feveral Prifcns, throughout the Kingdom, be-^^J^j^
lore the day appointed j which did not terrify the reft. The England,
day it feif was accompained with very unufual Weather ac
that Seafon of the Year, being the middle of Jufy- The
Night before, there had been an exceflive Rain, which con-
tinued all the next day, with fo terrible a cold high Wind,
that the Winter had feldom fo great a Scorm : fo that the Per-
fons over England, who were drawing to their appointed Rei^-
dezvous, were much difmayed, and met with manv crofs Ac-
cidents^ fome millook the place, and went fome whither elfo ^
others went where they ihould be, and were weary of expect-
ing thofe who ihould have been there too.

i N the beginning of the Night when Maj^ was going for Hi^^yfiih
Gloceftery a Troop of the Army befet tjie Houfe where he was,'^J^^» ^*^
and took him Prifoncr ; and putting him before one of the ^l''^^"'
Troopers well guarded,they made hatte to carry him to a place
where he might be fecure. But that tempeftuous Night had
fo mch of good fortune in it to him, that in the darkeit pare
of it, the Troop marchingdowna very (teep Hill, with Woods
on l^orh lides, he either by his Adtivity, or the connivance
of the Soldier, who was upon the fame Horfe with him, found
means, that in the iteepeit of the defccnt, they both fell
from the Horfe, and he difintangled himfelf from the em*
braces of the other, and being ftrong and nimble, got into the
Woods, and fo elcaped out of dieir hands, though his defign
was broken. ^

O F all the Enterprifes for the fei(ing upon ftrong place?, ^

X X 1 only -'

67i TheHi/ior^ Book XVI.

only one fucceeded , which was that undertaken by Sr George

^rrk ch*'^ ^^^^^ » *^^ '^® ^^ ^^^^' '^^ ^^^ miloughh of Farrbsm^
fter • 4»dir ^^ ^' VbrMtio T§vmfenJy and moft of their Friends, wereap-
Tho. Mid- prehendcd before the day, and made Prifoners, moft of them
dicton j9ynt upon general fufpicions, as Men able to do hurt. Only S'
with him, Qgpfge BoQthy being a Ferfon of the bett Quality and fortune
of that County, of thofe who had never been of the Kii^s
party, came into chfiery with fuch Ferfoiis as he thought fie
to take with him, the Night before : io that though the tern-
peftuoufiiefs of the Night, and the next Morning, had the
fame ef{e£t, as in other places, to break or diforder the. Ren-
dezvous, that was appointed within four or five miles of that
City, yet Sr Ge9rg€ being himfelf there with a good Troop
of Horfe he brought with him, and finding others, though not
in the number he looked for, he retired with thofe he had
into dsefier^ where his Party was ftrong enough : and Sr Tiw-
mas Muidle$9n^ having kept his Rendezvous, came thither to
him, and brought ftrength enough with him to keep thofe
parts at their Devotion, and to lupprefs all there who had in-
clination to oppo£e them.
iib«if> X)^ Then they publiChed their Declaration , rather againft
' thofe who call'd themfelves the Parliament, and ufurped the
Government by the power of the Army, than owning di-
rea:ly the King's Interelt. They £iid, «'I^hat lince God had
^'fufier'd the Spirit of divifion to continue in this Nation,
^< which was left without any fettled foundation of Religion,
** Liberty, and Property, the Legiflativc Power ufurped at
*^ pleafurc, the Artny raifed for it's defence milled by their fu-
"periour Officers, and no face of Government remaining,
*^that was lawfully coalticuted j therefore, They, being fenti-
"ble of their duty, and utter ruin, if thcfc diftradtions Ihould
'' continue, had taken Arms m vindication of the freedom of
*^ Parliaments, of the known Laws, Liberty, and Property,
'^ and of the good Peopl^ of this.Nation groaning under infup-
'' portable Taxes : that they cannot defpair of the blcding of
" God, nor of the chearful concurrence of all good People,
*'and of the undeceiv'd part of the Army- whofe Ai rears
'* and future advancement they would procure, fuflering no
'' impofition or force on any Mans Confcience. But though
they mention'd nothing of his Majefty in exprefs terms, they
gave all countenance, and reception, and all imaginable aflii-
rance to the King's Party \ who had diredtions firom the King
to concur, and to unite themfelves to them.

What difappointments foever there were in other places
the fame of this Adtion of thefe two Cienrlemeu, raifed the
Spirits of all Men. They who were at liberty, renew'd their
farmer deBgns ^ and they who could not promife themfelves

places

Of the Rehellion^ Sec. (^75

pltces of refuge, prepared themfelves to march Co ChefteVj^ if
Sr Qtorge Booth did not draw nearer with his Army ; which
in truth he meant to have done, if the appointments which
had been made, had been obferv'd. But when he heard that
all other places failed, and of the multitude of Perfons Impri-
fon'd, upon whofe afliftance he mod depended, he was in
great apprehcnfion that he had begun the Work too foon ;
and though, his Numbers increafed every day, he thought ic
belt CO keep the Poit he was in, till he knew what was like to
be done eliewhere.

This fire was kindled in a place which the Parliament
leait fufpedled ^ and therefore they were the more alarm'd at
Che News of it ^ and knew it would fpread far, if it were not
quickly quenched; and they had now too foon ufe of their
Army, in which they had not Confidence. There were many
Officers whom they had much rather truft than LamBert ^ but ntVdriU"
there was none they thought could do their bufinefs fo well ; mmtfentU
So they made choice of Him to march with fuch Troops as ^l^^^^^ *'
he liked, and with thegreateft Expedition, to fupprefs this'^'""^ ^'
new Rebellion, which they (aw had many Friends. They
had formerly fenc for two Regiments out of Irtland^ which,
they knew, were devoted to the Republican Intereft, and
thofe they appointed Lamlert to joj'n with. He undertook
the Charge very willingly, being dehrous to renew his Credit
with the Soldiers^ who had loved to be under his Command,
becaufe, though he was Itrid in difcipline, he provided well
for them, and was himfelf elteem'd brave upon any Adliont
He cared not to take any thing with him that might hinder
his march ; which he refolv'd (hould be very fwift, to prevent
the increafe of the £nemy in Numbers. And he did make
incredible hade; fo that Sr Gtorge Booth found he was
lefsthanadays march, before bethought he could have been
half the way. Sr Cwr^ff himfelf had not been acquainted with
the War, and the Officers who were with him, were not of
one mind or humour ; yet all were defirous to Fight i the na-
tural infirmity of the Nation, which could never endure the
view of an Enemy without engaging in a Battle ) and inftead
of retiring into the Town, which they might have defended
againft a much greater Army than Lamlnnt had with him,
longer than he could ftay before it, they marched to meet
him; and were, after alhort Encounter, Routed by him,and»*«i?#»w
totally broken : fo that , the next day , the Gates of Chefier ^'•^- ^*
were open'd to Lomiert ; Sr George Booth himfelf making his ^hcfter?
flight in a diiguife ; but he was taken upon the way, and fent
Prifoner to the Tower.

Lambert profecuted the advantage he had got, and
marched into North ^Sr/r^, whither S^ Thomas MtJa/etom was

X X 3 retired

6l^ TheHiftory Book XVI.

retired with his Troops to aftrong Caftle of his own ; and

be thought neither the Man, nor the Place, were to \>% left

behind hira. It was to no purpofefor one Man to oppofe the

whole Kingdoxp, where all other Ferfons appeared fubdued.

And therefore, after a day or two making (hew of reGftance,

^r Thomas Middkton accepted fuch Conditions as he could obtain^ and

Middicton fuffcr'd his goodly Houfe, for the ftrength of the Situation, to

lliluk^ be pulled down.

4/i«<r. This Succefs put an end to all endeavours of force in
England., and the Army had nothing to do but to make all
Perfons Prilbners whofe look^ the^ did not like \ fo that all
Frifons in Ei^land were fill'd ; whild the Parliament, exalted
with their Conqueft , confulted what Perfons they would
Execute, and how they (hould Confifcate the rell ; by means
whereof, they made no doubt they fliould deltroy all Seeds
of future Infurredtions on the behalf of the King, many of
the Nobility being at prefent in cultody. And they refolv'd,
if other Evidence was wanting, that the very.{l]fpe(3dng them
(hould be fuf^cient reafon to continue them there.

When the King cache to Calais., where he rcceiv'd Ac-
counts every day from England of what was Tranfaded there,
as he was much troubled with the News he received daily of
the Imprifbnment of his Friends, fo he was revived with the
Fame of S** George Booth's being poflefled of Chefier^ and of
the Conjundtion between him and Mtddkton. Thev were
reported to be in a much better pofture than in truth they
were J and the expedlation of fome appearance of Troops in
JLtncoin-^pjire^ and Xork-flyire^ and fome other Counties, Itood
fair j whereupon the King refolv'd to go himfelf to fome
other part of France, from whence he might fecurely Tranf-
■i7jc- KJnx port himfelf into thofe parts of England., where, with Icalt
remove* to hazard, he might joyn himfelf with the Troops which were
^h^fxTtif ^" Arn^.s for him, and fo went to the Coaft of Bretagne,
reugne. .p ^^ ^ £)ujcc of Jork remain'd at Boulogne^ to expedt fome
appearance of Arms in Kent, and Ej/ex-, which was Ihll pro-
mifed, allbon as the Array (hould be drawn farrhcr from lAm-
Tie Duke of dov in thii? expedtatiou, his Royal Highnefs found an op-
York con porcunity to confer with his old Friend Marfhal Turenne ; who
'hUnTel^r ^^^V frankly afiign'd him fome Troops ; and likewile pro-
Turenne j vidcd Vcflcls to Tranfport them, if an opportunity had invited
vbo offers' him to an Engagement in any probable Entcrprife; and this
^jjifianuc with fo much Generoliiy and Secrecy, thattiic Cardinal, who
was then upon the Borders of Sfain, fliould have had no no-
tice of the preparation, till it was too late to prevent the cf-
fied thereof. But it plcafed God, that, whilit his Highnefs
was providing for his longed for Expedition, and when the
it King, after his vifiting S^ Maloes, was at Rockel^ in hope to

■jL . ' find

Of the RehellioHy &c. 675-

•

find a conveniency for his Traofportation, the fatal News ar*
riv'd in all parts of the defeat ot S' George Boeth^ and of the
total and entire fuppreflion of all kind of oppolition to the^'^^'"^

f)ower of the Parliament j which feem'd now to be in as abfo- JJ^^^iJrr
ute pcifleOion of the Government of the three Nations, as ever g. Booth'/
CromweB had been. defedt.

Struck with this difmal relation, the King and his Bro-
ther feem'd to have nothing elfe to do, but to make what hafte
they could out of France ^ where it was thought they could
not now be found with fafety. The Duke of Tork returned ^* ^"^^
fpeedily to Brujfels ; but the King, lefs dejedked than might g^uffjis?
have been expeded from the extreme defpair of his Condi- t/^ KS^g
tion, refum'd a refolutionhe had formerly taken, to make zreftivesraU
Journey himfelf to the Borders of Spaimy to foUicite more ^^ '*»«»««'-
powerfijl Supplies ; the two chief Minilters of the two Crowns '"J^ fj^,"^
being there met at this time. And indeed his Majetty pre- „ve/ of the
ferr'd any peregrination before the negledt he was fure to find two cnwns*
at Bruffelsy and the dry looks of the Spaniards there ; who
Wfsre broken into fo many Factions amongil themfelvcs, that
the Government was hardly in a itate to fublilt ^ and the
Marquis of Carracena^ and DenAlenzOy had fuch an influence
upon the Counfels at Madrid^ that D<?» Juan received Orders Don ]vam
without delay to return to Spain^ and to leave the Govern- T^*** '*
ment in the hands of the Marquis of Carracena-y which Den ***'""
Juan very willingly obeyed ^ and aflbon as he could obtain
a Pafs to go through France^ he lefc thofc Provinces, and made
his Journey through that Kingdom towards Madrid. He was
a Pcrfon of a fmall Stature, but well made, and of great vi-
vacity in his looks j his Parts very good, both natur^ and ac-
quired, in fancy and judgment. And if he had not been re-
ftrain'd by his Education, and accuflom'd to the pride and
forLTis of a Spanifb breeding, which likewife difpofed him to
lazinefs and taking his pleaiure, he was capable of any great
Employment, and would have difcharged it well.

I SAID before, the Chief Minitters of the two Crowns
were now met on the Borders of the two Kingdoms. For,
this year, fome thing had happened abroad, that, as it was
new, might (eem to adminiller new hopes to raife the King^s
Spirits j however, it was a fubjefl: for Men to exercife their
thoughts on with variety of conje&ires. The War had now
continued between the two Crowns of France and Spain^ for
near the fpace of thirty years, to the fcandal, and reproach
of Chriftianity, and in fpight of all the interpofition and me-
diation of moll of the Princes of Europe ; a War wantonly
entcr'd into, without the leaft pretence of Right and Judice,
to comply with the Pride and Humour of the two Favourites
of the Crowns (befides the natural AnimoGty, which will al-

X X 4 ways

6y6 TheHiftory Book XVI.

ways be between the two Nadons) who would try the Ma^
ftery of chcir Wit and Invention, at the charge of their Ma«
Iter s Treafure, and the blood of their Subje^, againft all
the obhgacions of Leagues and Alliances ; a War profecuted
only for War's fake, with all the circumftances of Fire, Sword,
and Rapine, to the couiiimption of Millions of Treaiure, and
Millions of Lives of noble, worthy, and honeft Men, only to
improve the skill, and myftery, and fcience of deltrudtion.
All which appeared the more unnatural and the more tnon-
ftrous, that this feem'd to be eiSedted, and carried on by the
power of a Brother and fitter againlt each other (for half the
time had been fpent in the R^encv of the Queen o(Ffance\
when they both lov'd, and tenderd each others good, ana
happinefs, as the befl: Brother and Sitter ou|ht to do.

1 T was high time to put an end to this barbarous cruel

War, which the Queen Mother had long and pafTionatcly de-

Gred in vain. But now being more itruck in years, and

troubled with the inBrmities of Age, and the young King

being of years ripe to Marry, and the Infenta of Spain being

in that, and all other refpedis, the mod: competent Match

The Quten for him, whlch would be the beft, and was the only Expe-

F*Meiff ^^^^ ^^ procure a Peace, her Majcltjr refolv'd to imploy all

fiiliTn piu ^^ Intereft, and Authority, to bnng it to pafs, and knowing

4A end to the Well, all Her defires could produce no eftedt, if (he had not

WAfbeiveen the ^11 coucurrence of the Cardinal, (lie propofed it to him

o' 'T* « ^'* **' *^ wanmth, and all the concernment fuch a Subjeft

T^y Md '■cquired j conjuring him « By all the good Offices ihe had

Marriage, ** pcrform'd towards him, that he would, not only con-

She advifes «fent to^it, but take it to heart, and put it into fuch a way

the Cardinal u Q^ Negotiation, that it might arrive at the iflue (he dc

m argu' The Cardinal ufed all the Arguments he could, to diffwade
tnents 4- her Majcfty from defiring it at this time j ^ That it would not
^Ainfi i^ « jje fQj. j^cj. Majefty's Service j nor was he able to bear the
** reproach, of being the Inftrument of making a Peace, at a
<' time when Sfam was reduced to thofe freights , that it
•^ could no longer refift the Viftorious Arms of France '^ that
^ they could not fail the next Simmer of being pofleffcd of
** BruJJels it felf, and then they fliould not be long without
^ the reft of the Spanifb Netherlands ; and therefore, at this
**time, to propofe a Peace, which muft difappoint them of ib
**fure a Conqueft, would not only be very ingratefiil to the
^ Army, but incenfe all good Prftich-vacTi againft him, and
^ againft her Majefty her felf.
The Queen was not diverted from her purpofe by thofe

Ik

Arguments; but propofed it to the King, and profecuted it
V/iih tlic Cardinal, that, as himfclf conteflcd to his intimate

Friends

Of the ReheUiottj Sec. ^77

Friends, he was necefTitated either to confenc to ir, or to have
an irreconcilable breach with her Majetty ; which his grati-
tude would not fuffer him to choofe ; and thereupon He But dt Uff
yielded; and Dm Antonio Pmentel from Madrid^ and il^-{'* J">'^y«
Jieur dff Ljonne from France, to Negotiated this kit Winter T^^/^'fl^*
in both Courts, both, incognito, making feveral Journies back- u tr.tnfaaed
ward and forward, and with that effedt, that, by the end offrft incog-
the Winter, it was publiflied, there would be a Treaty *>c-"''°''^?^
tween the two Crowns, and that in the beginning of the Sum- jrid
mer of this year i6j% the two Favourites, Cardinal Mazarm^
and Don Lewis de Haro would meet, and make a Treaty both
for the Peace, and the Marriage.

The Cardinal was the fooner induced to this Peace by the ^' reafiiu
unfettlcd Condition of England. The death of CrornvjeU, with '^f ^^^^^^
whom he had concerted many things to come, had much per- ,J*^,>/^ ,,
plexed him; yet the Succeflion o^ Richard, under the advice, tkm Fe4<#.
of the fame Perfons who were trufted by his Father, pleafed
him well. But then the throwing Him out with fuch circum-
Itances, broke all his Meafures. He could not forget that
the Parliament, that now governed, were the very fame Men
who had eluded all his Application, appeared ever more in-
clined to the Spanijh Side, and had, without any colour of pro-
vocation, and when he believ'd they ftood fair towards France^
taken the French Fleet, when it could not but have Reliev'd
Dunkirk', by which that Town was delivered up to the Spa^
niard. He Knew well, that Spain did,* at that inftant, ufe all
the underhand means they could to make a Peace with them ;
and he did not believe, that the Parliament would aflfedt the
continuance of that War, at fo vaft a Charge both at Sea and
Land ; but that they would rather foment the Oivifions in
France, and endeavour to unite the Prince of Condi and the
Hugonots; which would make a concuffion in that King-
dom; and he fliould then have caufe to repent the having put
Dunkirk into the hands of the Englijh. Thcfe reflcdlions di-
fturbed him, and difpofed him at laft to believe, that, over
and above the benefit of gratifying the Queen, he fhould bed:
provide for the fecurity ^France, and oTHimfelf, by making
a Peace with Spain.

However, he was not (b fure of bringing it to pafs, as
to provoke, or neglect E^land. Therefore he rencw'd all
the promifes, he haid formerly made to Oliver, again to Lock- /^ pr§mirer
hart fwho was the Embafladour now of the Rebublick)>«Lockharc
« That he would never make a Peace without the confenr, and 'ff»'^fc»'»? ^h
"inclufion of England-, and very eameftly ddircd him, and J^^'p^'^^^j^-
writ to that purpofe to the Parliament, that he might be at ment^ *^
the Treaty with him, that fo they might dill confiilt what
would be beft for their joynt Iptereft, from which he would

never

678 TheHiliory BookXVI.

sever feparate ; iofinuiring to him, in broken and half Sen*

cences, « That though the Treaty was neceffary to fatisfy the

<' Queen, there were fo many dimculties in view, that he had

^ << little hope of a Peace : and, in truth, many fober Men did

not believe the Treaty would ever produce a Peace : for, be-

fides the great Advantages which Trance had gotten, and that

it could not be imagined, that Sfaih would ever confent Co

the reiinquifhing all thofe important places to the French^

which they had then in their hands by Conquefi: (the ufiial

Eficdt of Peace being a rcilitution of all places taken in the

TinfdrH' War^ which France would never permit) there were two

Tf^ii^ in Particulars which it was hard to find any Expedient to com*

ttkTTMty* pofe, and which> notwithftanding all the preparations made

fi^u r» b^ de Lyonne and Timentely were entirely referv'd for the

thejerfitui Treaty of the two Favourites ^ both Sides Saving with great

J^2[^'2», obftinacy, proteftcd againft the departing from the rcfolutioa

j^v.i*rites. tbey had taken.

n^e^firft, the The two particulars were tbofe concerning Tartugal^ and
inifinefs of the Princc of conde. There could not be a greater Engage-
Porcugai. njeuf^ jhj^jj Prance had made to Portugaly never to defert it,
nor to make a Peace ^thout providing that the King {hould
quietly enjoy his Government to him and his Pofterity. with-
out bNsing in the leafl degree fubjedt to the Yoke of ^ain.
And Spain was principally induced to buy a Peace upon nard
terms, that it might be at liberty to take revenge of Portugaly
which they always reakonM chey ihould be able to do within
one vear, if they had no other Enemy upon them^ and they
would never value any Peace, if That were not entirely left
to them, and difclaimed by France.
Thefecwd, On the other hand, the Prince of Conde had the King of
^Prujfof' ^M»'s word' and obligation, by the moft folemn Treaty that
^ll^l could be enter'd into, that he would never conclude a Peace
without including Him, and all who adhered to him, hoc
only to a full reditution to their Honours, OfGces, and Eftates,
but with fome farther recompence for the great Service he
had done^ which was very great indeed: and no bodv be-
lieved, that the Cardinal would ever confent to jthe Reftora-
rion of that Prince, who had wrought him fo many calami-
ties^ and brought him to the brink of de(lru(^ion. With thefe
ill prefages , great preparations was made for this Treaty,
ana the time and the place were agreed on, when, and where
^^ITJ^isce ^^^^ ^^^ S"^^^^ Favourites (Iiould meet. Fueniarabi^y a place
^L7J~ ^' *^ ^^ ^panilJj Dominions, very near the Borders of France, the
vui^. fame place where Francis the Firit was delivered, after his long
Imprifonmenc in Spainy was agreed upon for their Interview ^
a little River near that place partinjg both the Kingdoms ; and
a little building of boards over it^ brought the two Favourites

CO

at it.

Of the Rebellion, &c. ^79

to meet , without either of their going out of his Mafter's ^
Dominions.

The fame of this Treaty, aflbon ^s it was agreed to, had
yielded variety, and new Matter to the King to contider. Both
Crowns had made the contention and War that was between
them, the only ground and rcafon , why they did not give
him that Afliitance, which in a cafe fo near relating to thcm-
felves, he might well expcdtj and both had made many pro-
feffions, that, when it Ihould pleafe God to rcleafc them from
the War, they would manifeit to the world, that they took
the King's cafe to be their own : fo that his Majcfty might
very reafonably proroife himfelf fome advantage and benefit
from this Peace, and the World could not but cxpedt, that
he would have lome Erobaf&dour prefent to foUicite on his
behalf. There were fo many difficulties to find a fit Ferfon,
and fo many greater to defray the expence of an Embafladour^TT;? KJ^ti^
that his Majefty had at firit refolv'd to find himfelf prefent in ^i^fi^^'-^ '•
that Treaty j which refolution he kept very private, though *' ^'"'"'^^
he was fliortly after confirm'd in it by a Letter from S^ Harry
Bennetj by which he was inform'd, "That he fpeaking with
^^ D§u Lewis about his Journey to FuentaraSia^ and asking
"him whither he woukfgive him leave to wait on him thi-
*' ther, Don Lewis anfwerxi, that he fliould do well to be pre-
" fent ^ and then asked him, why the King himfelf would not
" be there j and two or three days after, he told him, that if
"the King, with a very light . Train , came hcognsto thither,
" for the place could not permit them to receive him in State,
" after the great difficulties of the Treaty were over , he
" would do all he could to induce the Cardinal to concur in
" what might be of convenience to his Majefty. The King
had before refolv'd to have a very little Train with him, fuit-
able to the Trcafure he had to defray his Expenccs, and to
make his whole Journey incognito , and not to be known in
any place through which he was to pafs. But he was trou-
bled what he was to do with reference to France , through
which he was neceflarily to make his Journey. How mudiis-
cogntto foever he meant to travail, it might be necefiary againft
any accident to have a Pafs; yet to ask one, and be rcfu-
fea, would be worfc than going without one. Though he
expefled much lefs from the Nature of the Cardinal, thaa
from the fincerity of Don Lt^is de Haro^ yet the former was
able to do him much more good than the latter j and therefore
care was to be taken that he might have no caufe to find him-
felf ncgledted, and that more depending upon Sfain might
not irreconcile France.

To extricate himfelf out of thefe perplexities, his NJajcdy
had written to the Queen his Mother, to inrreat her, " As ct

<J8o TheHtliory Book XVI.

^^herfdf, todefire the Cardinal's advice, whether it woirid
" not be fit for the King to be prefent at the Treaty j that
" Hie might fend his Majefty fuch counfel as was proper : if'
" he thought well of it, ibe might then propofeliich Paflcs, as
" fhould (cem reafonable to her. Her Majefty accordingly
took an opportunity to ask the Queftioa of the Cardinal ^
who, at the very motion, told her very warmly, " That it was
*' by no means fit ^ and that it would do the King much harm ^
cariintii and aftcrwards , recolledling himfelf , he wifli'd the Queen
Mazarin cc Xo let the King know, that he (liould rely upon him to take
\ainfttt^ ** care of what concern'd him j which he would not fiiil to do,
''afloon as he difcern'd that the Treaty would produce a
" Peace. Her Majefty acquiefced with this profeilion, and fent
^ the King word, how kind the Cardinal was to him; but would
by no means that his Majefty fliould think of undertaking fuch
a Journey himfelf; nor did the Queen imagine (hat the King
Would ever think of it without a Fafs, and the Cardinal's ap-
probation.

VVjiEN his Majefty had received this Account from his
Mother, he faw it was to no purpofe to think of a Pafs. And
thus far, in the beginning of this laft Spring, before any defign
of fifing in Engtandw^is ripened, his Majefty had proceeded in
his intention of being peribnally prefent at the Conference be-
tween the two great Minitters. But now, when all his cxpe-
dlations from England for this year were defeated, and when
he himfelf was already advanced ferinto France, he thougbc
it more necefTary than ever to take up his former refolution.
Being therefore by this time fully advertifed, that the Favou-
rites had been met a confiderable time, and were entered fo far
into the Treaty, in the very entrance of which they had agreed
to a CeCTation of Arms, his Majeftv attended by the fame Com-
pany he had then with him, the Marquis of Qrmaud, Daniel
O Neile, and two or three other Servants, together with the
Earl of Brifiol ( though Sr Harry Bennet had before informed
the King, that Don Lewis de Haro had particularly defired he
would not bring that Earl with him ; whofe Company yet,
in refpcdt of his Language, the King behcv'd would be very
•pjc Kd»g convenient to him ) his Majefty, I fay, with rhis Attendance,
beiins hu bcgan hls Joumcy from that part of Bretagns where he then
journey tin- ^^^ ^j|| incngntto. Hc had indeed now more reafon than
JJ^''^!]^"j''V ever to conceal himfelf in his Journey, and really to appre-
ormond, hcnd being (topp'd if he were difcovcr'd ; and therefore was
and the Ear! not to go al^out by Parfs, or any of thofc Roads where he had
•/Bnitol. bgen hcrerofore known; yet he allowed himfelf the more time,
that he might in his Compafs fee thofc parrs of France where
he had never been before , and indeed give himfelf all the

Lpleafure, and divertifemenr, that fuch a Journey would admit
of.

Of the ReheUion, &c. 68 1

of. To that purpofe he appointed the Earl oiBriftol to be the
Guide j who knew tnoit of France^ at leait more than any
body elfe did ^ and who always dcliglned to go out of the
wayj and Daniel O Nie/e to take carethac they always fared /^j.^^^^/;^
well in cheir Lodgings^ for which Pro^ce no Man was fit- Lyons mt»
ter. Thus they wheeled about by Lyons. imo LanguedoCy and^-angue-
were fo well plcafed with the varieties in the Journey, that^^'^'"*^
they not enough remember'd the end of it, taking their infor- ""*'*' '
mation of die Progrefs in the Treaty from the intelligence
they met with in the way.

When they came near Touhufij they found that the French
Court was there, which they purpofely defign'd to decline.
However the King, going himfelf a nearer way, Tent the Mar-
quis of Ormond thither, to inform himlelf bf the true State of
the Treaty, and to meet his Majeity again at a place appoint-
ed, that was the direct way to Fuentaraiia. The Marquis
went alone without a Servant, that he might be the lefs fu^
pedted^ and when he came to Touloufe^ he was informed
tiom the common difcourfe of the Court, that the Treaty was
upon the matter concluded, and that the Cardinal was ex-
pected there within lefs thsui a week.

It was very true, all matters of difficulty were over in lefs^^^^^,^^
time than was conceiv'd poffible, both Parties equally defi- ofth* cUfe
ring the Marriage, which could never be without the Peace. ojthMTred^
The Cardinal, who had much the advantage overD^* ^^'^^?f*hZ?^
in all the Faculties necelfary for a Treaty, excepting probitv Ut^^j ^
and punduality in obferving what he pfomifed, had ufed all cgmin^ For.,
the Arts imaginable to induce Den Lewis to yield both in the ^upl ^^^^
point of Portuga/y and what related to the Prince of Ccnd^^ .'/ coST
and his Parry. He enlarged upon " The defperate eftatein'-'
^^ vr):uch' Flanders was^ and that they could poflefs themfelves
"entirely ot it in one Campagne; and therefore it might eaii-
*^ny be concluded, that nothing but the Queen's abfoiute Au-
^' thority, could in fuch a conjuncture have difpofed the King
^'to a l*reaty ^ and, he hoped, that flie Hiould not be fo iu
'^ requited, as to be obliged to break the Treaty, or to oblige
^^ the King her Son to confent to what was indifpenfably againft
" his Honour : that if he fhould recede from the Intereft of
** Fortugaly no Prince or State would hereafcer enter into Al-
^Miance with him. : that though they were bound to infill to
*^ have Portugal included in the Peace, yet he would be coo-
^^ tented that a long Truce might be made, and all Ads of Ho-
'' flility forborne for a good Number of years, which, he laid,
*^ was neceflary for Spain^ that they mig^r recover the fatigue
"of the long War they had fultain'd, before they cnter'd
*^ into a New One : if they would not confent to that, then
^^ that Portugal Ihould be left out of the Peace, and spam at

" liberty

68x The B/iory Book XVI.

'^ liberty to profecutc the War, and Prance at the lame tiitie
^ to alM Portugal j which, he &id, in refped: of the diltance,
^ they ihould never be >ibie to adminiiter m fuch a proportion
<^as would be able.to preferve it from their Conqueft; ooc
^'wtchouc iniinuatioll'that fo they might not renounce the
^^ promife they had made, they would not be over follicitous
^ ro perform ic. As to the Prince oi Cond^^ that the Catho-
*' lick King was now to look upon France as the Domimon
^' of his Soa in Law, and to be inherited by his Grandfon, and
*^ therefore he would confider what peril it might bring to
^^ both, if the Prince of c^ndi were rcftored to his greatnefs
'< in that Kingdom, who only could diiturb the Peace cXit^
^' and whofe Ambition was fo reitlcfs, chat they could no
^ longer enjoy Peace, clian whilii he was not in a condition
^* to interrupt it. The Cardinal told him, in confid<»ice. of
(everal Indignities ofier'd by the Prince ot conde, to the Per-
fon of the Queen, of which her* Brother ought to be very
feniible, and which would abfolve him from any Engagement
he had emer'd into with that Prince; which he would never
have done, if his Majelty had been fully informed of thofe
rude TranfgreQions. And therefore he befought Den JLemt^
^* That the joy and triumph,- which the King and the Queen
^< would be pofiefled of by this Peace and Marriage, might not
<< be clouded, and even rendered difconfolate, by their beiag
^^ bound ro behold a Man in their prefence, who had fo often^
"and with fo much damage, and difdain, affronted them
" both ; but that the Peace of France mig^t be fecured by
*'that Prince's being for e%'er reltrai n'd from living in it^
"which being provided for, whatfocver his Catholick Ma-
*' jelty Ihould require in ready Money, or Penlions, to enable
** the Prince to live in his juil i'plendour abroad, Ihould be
*' confenccd to.

Don LtwU de Hay a was a Man of great Temper, of a fal-
low Complexion, Hypocondriac, and never weary of hear-
ing; thought well of what he was to fay; what he wanted
in acuteneis he made up in warinefs, and though he might
omit the faying fomewhat he had a good occafion to lay,
he never faid any thing of which he had occafion to re-
pent. He had a good judgment and undcrftanding, and as
he was without any talent of Rhetorick, fo he was very well
able ro defend himfeU from it. He told the Cardinal, " That
** he knew well his Malfer's Afiairs ^needed a Peace with
*^ France., and that the accompliihing this Marriage, was the
*'only way to attain it; that the Marriage was the beft, and
'^ the molf honourable in Chriitendom and ought to be equally
*' ddired on both iidcs ; and that his CathoHck Majelty was fen-
^' liUc of his own Age, and the infirmities which attended ic ;

" and

Of the Rehellion, &c. 685

<<andde(ired nothing more than that, before his death, he
*^ might fee this Peace and this Marriage hnifhed, and made
** perteft j and that he was well content to purchafe the for-
** mer at any price, but of his Honour; which was the only
«* thing he preferr'd even before Peace : that for Portugai^
« the groundlefs Rebellion there was lb well known to all the
** World, that he Oiould not go to his grave in Peace, if he
^ fliould do any thing which might look like a countenance,
**or conceflion to that Title, that was only founded upon
^ Trealbn and Rebellion ^ or if he (hould omit the doing anjr
« thing that might, with God's Blcfling, of which he could
^ not doubt, reduce that Kingdom to their duty, and his obe-
<< dience : that his refolution was, adbon as this Peace ihould
**be concluded, to apply all the Force and all the Trcafure
« of his Dominions, to the Invafion of Portugal -, which, he
<* hoped, would be fufficient fpeedilyto fiibdue it; and was
^ a great part of the fruit he promifed himfelf from this Peace;
^* and therefore he would never permit any thing to be con-
^ eluded in it, that might leave France at liberty to aflift thac
^^ War : that the Catholick King had done all he could, both
« by Dm Anttmh PimenUl and Monfieur de Lyonne^ that his
<< mod Chriitian Majcfly might know his unalrerable refolu-
<* tion in the point of Portugal , and with reference to the
*« Prince of oW^', before He confented to Treat; and that he
" would never depart from what he had declared in either ;
** that He made a Treaty with the Prince of Cond^ ; by which
" he had engaged himfelf never to defert his Intereft , nor
^ to make a Peace without providing for his full reftitution,
"and reparation, and ofrhofe who hadrun his Fortune, and
" put themfelves under his Protedtion : that the Prince had
*^ performed all he had undertaken to do, and had rendered
"very great Service to his Catholick Majefiy ; who would
** not onely rather lofe Flanders^ but his Crown likewife, than
"fail in any particular which he was bound to make good to
"the Prince: and therefore hedefired the Cardinal "lo ac-
*' quicfce in both thofe particulars, from which he fliould not
** recede in a tittle ; in others, he would not have the fame
" obftinacy.

When the Cardinal found that all his Art, and crafty
Eloquence were lolt upon Don Levk's want of Politencfs ;
and that he could not bend him in the lead degree in either
of thcfe important particulars , he refolv'd they Ihould pay
otherwife for their Idol Honour, and Pundluality ; and after
he had brought him to confent to the detention of all the
placesthey had taken, as well in £«af«w^»rf, as Flanders^ and
all other Provinces, by which they difmember'd all the Sfanifb
Dominions in thofe parts, and kept therolclvcs nearer Ne^-'

bours

68+ Tbemftory Book XVI.

bouri to Che HtHsmdersy than the other deGred they (hould
be, he compeli'd them, though a thing very forreign to cha
Treaty, to deliver the Tovfn of Juhers to the Duke of Nno»
karghj without the payment of any Money for what they had
laid out upon the Fortifications 3 which they could otherwife
claim. It is very true, that Town did belong of right to th«
Duke of NitdMTghy as part of the Dutchy of Jmliers^ which
was defcended to him. But it is as true, that it was preferv'd
by SpMhiy from being poflefi'd by the HeBanJers many yearf
before, tod by Treaty to remain in their hands, till they (iKXild
receive (atisfaftion for all ^eir Disburfments. After which
time, they eredled the Citadel there, and much mended the
Fortifications. And this dependency and expedation, had
kept that Prince fait to all tha Sfawjh Intereifc in Gmumg^ i
whereas, by the wreftingit now out of their hands, and fraak-
ly giving it up to the true Owner, they got the entire Devo*
tUm of the Dake of Nf9iwgl> to Fra»€9y andfo anew Friend
to Itrengthen their Alliance upon the Rbme^ which wasbe«
fore inconvenient enougjii to S^Jh^Jby ttopping the refort. of any
GffMMii Succours into FfmiJers. And if at any time to come^
the Frexcb Ihall porchafis Jtth'ers from the Duke of Newhmgb^
z& upon many Accidents be may be induced to part with ii^
cbey will be poficfled of the molt advantageous Polt to fitdli*
tare their enterprife upon liigf, or C§logn€^ or to difturb the
H»Bduulers in Atsefirhifty or to feife upon Afujgrsne^ an Iro*
perial Town ^ and, indeed, to di(turb the Peace of Chfifi§m^

Op Portugal no Other care was taken in the Treaty, than
that after the FrnuhYM^ had pompouilydeclar'd,^' He would
'' have given up all his Conquelts by the War, provided the
" King of Spam would have confented that all things fhould
** remain in Portugal as they were at that prefent ( which Pro-
pofition , << 'Twas (aid, his Catholick Majeiiy haid abfolutely
rdufed ) now « The molt Chriitian King ihould be allow'd
^' three Months time, counting from the day of the Ratifica-
" tion of the Treaty, wherein he might cry to difpofe the P^-
^^twguefi to fatisfy his Catholick Majelty. But after thofe
" three Months fhould be expired, if his good offices fhouid
« not produce the effect delired, then neither his moll Oiri-
'^ ftian M-ajeity nor his Succeflburs (hould give the Portitguefi
^' any aid or aniltance, publickly or fecretly, dire&ly or indi-
*' redly, by Sea or Land, or in any other manner whatfoever.
And this the Ingenuity of the Cardinal thought could never
be called renouncing of the King of Portugal's Intercft.

T o the Prince of Cond^ all things were yielded which had
been inliited on ^ and full recompence made to fuch of his
Party as could not be reitored to their Offices ; as Prefidenc

Viole^

k

Of the Rehelliott, &c. 68 s

ytoky and fome others : yet Dcm Levus would not figa^ the
Treaty, till he had fenc an Exprefs to the Prince of Cojfd^y to
inform him of all the particulars , and had receiv'd his full
approbation. And even then, the King ot spam caufed a greac
Sum of Money to be paid to him, that he might difcbarge ail
the debts which he had contradted in FlandetSy and reward
his Officers, who were to be disbanded; a Method Franct did
not ufe at the fame time to their Profely tes, but left CstMU^
nia to their King's Chaitifemenr, without any provifion made
for Domjpfipbde Mar gar it m^ and others, who had been the
principal Contrivers of thofe difhirbances ^ and were left to
eat the bread oiFroMCBj where it is adminifter'd to them very
fparin^y, without any hope of ever feeing their Native Coun-
try again, except they make their way thither by fomenting a
new Rebellion.

W H & N all thin^ were concluded, and the Engrolmentft
preparing, the Cardinal came one Morning into Don Lewis
his Chamber. With a fad Countenance; and told him, <<They
<' had loft all their pains, and the Peace could not be concluded.
At which DowLnvifj in much ditturbance, asked, ^What
^ the matter was ? the Cardinal very compofedly anfwer'd,
'^ that it muft not be ; that they two were .too good CathoBcks
^ to do any thing a^inft the rope's infallibility, which would
^ be called in queffaon by this Peace; Once his Holynefi had
*' declared, that diere would be no Peace made; as indeed
he had done, after he had, from the firft hour of his Ponti«
ficate, labour'd it for many years, and found himfelf ftill de^
luded by the Cardinal, who had yet promifed him, that^ when
the Sealon was ripe for it, he fliould have the fole power to
conclude it; fothat when he heard that the two Favourites
were to meet, of which he had no Notice, he faid in the
ConQftory , <' That he was fure that Cardinal AUxarim
<' would not make a Peace. JHm Lewis was glad that there was
no other objection againft it ; and fb all the Company made
themfelves merry at me Pope's charge.

When the Marquis of Ormend difcover'd by the infbrma^
tion he receiv'd at Teloufe^ that the Treaty was fo near aa
end, he mode ail poffibie hafte to the place the King had ap*
pointed to meet at, that his Majefty might lofe no more time.
When he came thither, he fibund no body ; which he imputed
to the ufual delays in their Journey; and Itayed one whole
day in expedation of them ; but then concluded that they
were gone forward fome other way, and fo thought it his bu-
finefs to haften to Fuemtara^iay where he heard nothing. of the
King. Sr Harrj^ Bemtet was in great perplexity, and com-
plain'd, very reafonably, that the King negtedted his own bu-
fine& in fuch a coojunOure, the benefit whereof was loft by

Vol. 111. Part 2. Y y hts

686 TheHiftory Book XVI.

his not coming. !>#»£>«// feeoa'd to wonder, d)at the Kidg
had not come thither, whiift the Cardinal and He were tog6-
ther. The Treatv was now concluded ; and though the CSr-
dinai remained ftili at his old C>iarters on the French fide, un-
der fome indifpoGtion of theUour,.yetHe and Hm JUmr
Were to meet no nK>re. But D§m lAw was the left troubled
that theKing had not come fooner, becaufehehad found the
Cardinal, as often as he * had taken occafion to fpeak cdf die
King, yeiy cold, and refery'd ; and he had magnified the

Cjwaci the Parliamenti and leem'd to think his Majeftv*s
)pe8 :de^)erate ; and ad vifed .Dmt ILamt, ^ To be wary how M
^ Embarked hiinielf in an Affiur chat had no foundadoa ; and
<^ diat ic was rather timefor ail Catfaoiicfcs to unite to the
? breaking the power and intereft of the Heretical Vany ^
^ wherever it was, than to ftrengthen it by reftoring the King^
^except he would betome Catholxck. And it is believ'd
by Wife Men, tha^ in that Treaty, fbme what was ggreed id
loe prejudice of tlie Pfoteftanc Intereft ; and thtc^ in a fhatt
time, there ^tirould have been much done mainft it both in
WriMej aAd Gr^jRMnry, if the meafures they hadthere taken had
not been (hortly broken ; chiefly by the liirprifing Revoiutnon
ta : JBmS^iSim/ ( which happened the next vear ) and alfo by the
dlachof the two great favourites of the two Crowns^ Dm
lawis deH^rPj and Canlinai Mmc^rm", who both died not
Vec^.long after it^ the Cardinal, probably^ ftruck with ^bt
itrouder, if not the agony of that undream'd of profperity cif
our King's ASairs ; as ifhe had taken it ill, and laid it to heart,
that <3od Almighty would bring fuch a work to pafs in £»•
refff^ without his concurrence, and even againft all his Ma-
chinations.

Du R I N G the whole time of the Treaty, Lsckhmrt bad
beenatBifyoanvr, and frequently confulted with the Cardinal,
and was by him brought to D09 Lewis twice or thrice, where
they fpoke of the mutual benefit that would redound to both,
if a Peace were fettled between spam and Ewgiand. But the
Cardinal treated Leckhsrt ( who was in all other occafions too
hard for him ) in fuch a manner, that, till the Peace was upon
the matter concluded, he did really believe it would not be
made (as appear'd by fome ot his Letters from Bayetnte^ whidi
fell into the King's hands ) and to the laft he was perfwaded,
that EngUmd (liould be compr^ended in it, in terms to its
fatisfadtion. -

The King, the next day after he had fcntthe Marquis of
Orp2ond to Touhuje, received information upon the way, that
Che IVeaty was abfolurely ended, and that Dc9 Lewis was re-
turn'd 10 Madrid., to which giving credit, he concluded, that
u would be to no piirpofe to profecute nis Journey to Fun^-

tarahia ;

Of the Rshellion^ &c. 687

Uraim j and therefore was eifily perfwaded by the Earl df
Bfiftol to take the neareft way to Madrid^ bv entring iato
Sfmim aflbon as they could ; prdiiming that the Marquis of Or^
moml would quickly conclude whither they were gone, and
follow his Nbjefty. With this refolution, and upon this In-^5L'^''^^
telligenc^ they continued their Journey till they came to Sa- Zus^in^
r£gyi^ the Metropolis of the Kingdom oiArsgon. Here they asfaraju
receiv\l Advertilement, that the Treaty was not fully con- Saragofa.
eluded, and that Ho* XsniMr remain'd dill at FiumtmrM^ia, This
was a new jperplezity : at laft they refolv'd, that the King, and
the £arl ofBrifiol^ who had ftill a mind to Madrid^ Ihould
fiay at SMr4^0fa^ whilft O Ntik (hould go to Fuentarahia^ and
return with diredion what courfe they were to fteer.

Don L«9tf and the Marquis of Ormmdy were id great
confiifion with the apprehenfion that fome ill Accident had be-
fidlen the King, when Mr o Neik arriv'd, and informed them
by what accident, and miGntelligence, the King had refolv'd
to go to iUdrUy if he had not been better inform'd at Sats^
gfjk ^ where he now remain'd, till he ihould receive farther
advice. JH» Lewis was in all the difturbance imaginably
when be heard the relation : he concluded that this was a trick
of the Earl of Briftofs that he held fome intelligence with
D9m JuMiu and intended to carry the King to Mmdrid^ whilft
he wasablent, with a piirpofe to affi-ont him, and in hope tof
traniad: fomewhat without his Privity. They were now td
ftve, and to borrow all the Money they could to defray the
Ezpences which muft be Ibortly made for the Interview, Mar-
riage^ and delivery of the Infanta, and all this muft be fpenc
upon the King oiEMgUmFs Entry, and Entertainment in Ma^
arid'y for a King mcopiito was never heard of in Spam,. The
Marriage was concluded, and now another young unmarried
King muft be received, and careOed in that Court ; which
would occafion much difcourfe both in ^^r^ and France, All
thefe things his melancholy had made him revolve j nor did
he concealthe trouble he endured, from the Marquis of Or-*
fnwmdy and S' Marry Batmet; who afliired him, ^ That all that
^ was paft was by meer roiftake, and without any purpofe to
^'decline Him, uponjwhofe FriendQiip alone the King ab-
^^ folutely depended j and undertook pontively, ^ That aflbon
^' as his Majefty (hould be inform'd of his advice, he would
<<make all the hafte thither he could, without thought of do-
<< ing any thing elfe : which Dow Lewis defired might be efie* nenee re-
cked adbonas was poflible: So O N«//« returned to Saragofiiyt^rnsfV\x*
and his Majefty, without delay, made his Journey from ^^^^ce 2)"-J?^j)[;
to Fuintara^ay with as much expedition as he could ufe. • ^7„, ]|^^

The King was received according to the Spansfb Mode kj Don Le-
and Cenerofityj aikd treated with the fame rcfpeft and reve- wis dc H2-

Y y a rcncc '®-

688 TheHiftory BookXVI.

rence that could be (liew'd to his CathoKck Majefly himfel^'
ifite had been in chat place. Don Lewir deliverd all chac
could be faid from the King, hifi Mafter^ <<How much he
^ was troubled, that the condition of his Afiain, and the nc-^
^ ccdiry chat was upon him to make fliortl v a long Journey,
^ would not permit him to invite his Majefty to Mmriij and
^ to treat him in that manner that was luicable to his Gran-
^deur: that having happily concluded the Peace,- he hid
<< now nothing fo much in his thoughts, as how he might be
^ able to give, or procure fuch alEltanc^ t& his Majeliy ftodd
^in need o{\ and that he (hould never be deftitute of any
*^ thing, that His power and mtereft could help him to. Hm'
Jje^k for himfelf made all tho(e profedions, which cotild
poHibly be expedted from him. He confefled, ^ That there
^ was no provilion made in the Treaty that the two Crowns
^ would joyntly a(Iiit his Majdty; but that he believ'd die
^Cardinal would be ready to perform all good Offices to*
^ wards him; and ihat, for his own particular, his Majefiy
^ (hould receive good Teitimony of the profound veneradon
«he had for him.

Don Lgr»is intimated a WiQu that his Majefty could jtt
have fome conference with the Cardinal, who Was, as is fiid^
ftill within diltance. Whereupon the King fent the Marquis
ofOriKTffSM/toviQt him, and to let him. know, that his Majefty
had a dc(ire to come to him, that he might have fome con-
ference with him, and receive his Cotlnfel and Advice. Bot
^T^rli" ^^^ Cardinal would by no means admit it; faid, "It wouU
T.t'feTtht "adminilter unfeafonable jealoufV to the Parliament, without
f:^,,^. "any manner of benefit to the King. He made many largp
protedions, which he could do well, of his Afie6Uon to the
King; defired, "He would have patience till the Marriage
^(houidbe dVer, which would be in the next Spring; and
" till chen rheir Majeftics mult remain in thofe parts : bur,
" adbon as that fhould be difjpatchcd, the whole Court would
" return to ?aris'^ and that he would not be long there, before
" he gave the King fome evidence of his kindnefs and refped :
other anfwcr than this the Marquis could not obtain.

A F T ER his Majefty had ftav'd as long as he thought con*
venient at FuentMrahia ( for he knew well that Dm Livjis was
to return to Madrid before the King of Spam could take any
rcfolution to begin, or order his own Journey, and that he
ftay'd there only to entertain his Majelty) he difcem'dthac
he had nothing more to do than to return to Flanders ; where
he was aflured, his reception ihould be better than it had been.
So he declared his refolution to begin his return on foch a
day. In the iiiort time of his ftay there, the £arl of £r^«/,
^According to his excellent talent, which feldom failed him in

any

k

Of the Rebellion, &c. 689

any exigent,